非谓语结构破题宝典

1、能者教育内部独家秘密资料高考独一无二破题术之非谓语结构篇(五步穿杨术)做题步骤：第一步： 判断该题是否考查非谓语结构：看选项，如果选项里出现2个或2个以上非谓语结构形式（to do, doing，done）,该题目很有可能是考查非谓语结构。注意：如果题目中出现了连词，特别是并列连词and（江湖外号“魔鬼陷阱词”）,则这两个句子是并列句（该种并列句的前一句一般是祈使句或祈使句的省略句，祈使句是省略主语you的句子）E.g.1. _B_many times, but he still couldnt remember it.（不是，选句子）_A_many times, he still could

2、nt remember it.(是，选非谓语结构)A. Having been told B. He was told C. Told D. Though he had been told2. _B_, they will finish the task on time. (是，选非谓语结构)_A_, and they will finish the task on time. (不是，选句子,选项A是祈使句）A more time B given more time C if they give more time D to give more time选项A中的more time = if

3、 you are given more time第二步：确定是非谓语结构之后，接下来就可以直接把选项中不是非谓语结构的选项干掉了（比如动词原形stay，动词的三单stays, 进行时is staying， 完成时had done等），第三步: 观察选项中有没有to do 这种结构，如果有，先把该选项放入题中，并翻译成“为了.”, 如果翻译通顺，就可以直接选了（但是to do只能放在以下位置）（2014陕西卷）_C_ the difficult math problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. （放在开头）A. Wor

4、king out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out（2014重庆卷 ） Group activities will be organized after class _D_children develop team spirit. (放在句中)A. helpingB. having helped C. helpedD. to help（2014湖南卷）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _B_at the night

5、sky. （逗号后面一般就不考虑to do） A. to stareB. staring C. stared D, having stared但是英语中的特殊情况总是阴魂不散，如果是在only/never后面构成only to do/never to do,表示一种意外的结果（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _A_ it didnt fit (基本上看到逗号后面有ONLY就直接选to do)A. to find B. found C. finding D. hav

6、ing found如果以上三步还不能解决问题，那接下来我们就开始下面的无敌模式第四步：找到非谓语动词的主语，分析主被动关系，即非谓语动词（选项中的动词）和句子主语（句子中）之间的关系，但是关键是要找准对应的主语。接下来给大家总结考试中“_”出现的三种位置，以便大家准确找到主语。（开头）_A_nearly all our money , we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel .A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent开头处的主语在逗号后面句子的主语we，we与选项动词spend是主动关系，即我们

7、花费钱，而不是我们被花费钱（中间）Toady there are more airplanes _B_more people than ever before in the skies.A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying 中间处指的是前面还有名词或代词，主语就是“_”前面的名词airplane，airplane与选项动词carry是主动关系，即飞机装载更多的人，而不是飞机被装载（逗号后面）When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _B_ me stories till

8、I fell asleep. A. having toldB. tellingC. toldD. to tell“_”前紧跟逗号后，这种情况主语就是该逗号前面句子的主语，my mother与tell是主动关系，即我的妈妈讲故事。注意：Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some A a life span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have该句子中的“_”虽然在逗号后面，但是前面有代词，不是紧跟在逗号后面，所以此位置应看做第二种情况，即中间，主语即是“”前面的代词或名词，只是

9、如果是代词则要把后面的名词补充起来，该句中some后明显是bats(蝙蝠)，与选项中的动词是主动关系。有时候第四步基本上可以一剑封喉了，各位请看：（2014四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop找到主语new products，与选项中的动词develop是被动关系，即产品是被开发出来，选项中只有C选项中的形式是被动形式，故选C很多题目如果不能搞定，那只能用绝杀技

10、五步穿杨术第五步：分析动作发生的先后关系（即时态），总共有三种关系动作还没发生，将会发生 （主动to do, 被动to be done）动作正在发生或几乎同时发生 (主动doing， 被动being done)动作已经发生或发生在主句动作之前 （主动having done，被动having been done=done）Eg. The bridge _B_ now will be a wonder.The bridge _A_next year will be a wonder.The bridge _C_last year is a wonder.A. to be built B.being

11、 built C.built D.having been builtHe stood there_A_for his friends._D_for two hours, he went away.A.waiting B.to wait C.waited D.having waited（2014福建卷）27. C the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To

12、spend主语是Linda，与动词spend是主动关系，故排除被动选项B，接下来就考虑动词发生的先后，比较动词spend与appear的先后，明显是Linda之前在香港呆过一段时间，现在成熟了。以上五步穿杨术基本上可以解决90%的非谓语结构题，but，but，but，特殊情况特别受到命题者的青睐，大家务必要熟悉。特1：逆向思维考法（分析动词与选项主语的主被动即可）06陕西Faced with a bill for $10,000, _D_.（faced with看做主动）A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given J

13、ohn an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job05全国IIWhile watching television, _C_. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings特2：独立主格结构（主语不一致）,若和句子的主语不一致时，则加上自己的独立的主语。 考得不多，近十年只考了一两次_A_no buses, we have to wa

14、lk home.A.there being B.it were C.there were D.it being特3：非谓语的否定形式(not 放在前面) B how to work out the difficult physics problem ,he asked the teacher for help .A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known特4：动词不定式（to do）的特殊几点用法（1） 在代词（主要是不定代词）或名词（way，attempt，ability，chance，promise，opportuni

15、ty）做后置定语，相当于一个形容词（通常是主动表被动）2004上海春Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _ ? A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought08上海If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing09重庆With the world changing fast

16、, we have something new with all by ourselves every day. A. dealB. dealt C. todealD. dealing 10山东I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed【2011湖南卷,21】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself A expressing B expre

17、ssed C to express D to be expressed2013年【上海卷】32. The students are looking foreward to having an opportunity _ society of real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored如果有些题目选项中动词后面出现介词，一般都是答案，例如I have no pen to write with (with不能省)（2） 在序数词以及no，all，any等限定词（限定词一般是一些与数字相关的词）后用to do

18、07全国IThe last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving （3） 在一些表明主语的特点性质的形容词后用 to do，用主动表被动此类词常见的有：good, easy, difficult, hard, comfortable，dangerous08全国I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good.A.to be breathedB.to breatheC.breathingD.being

19、 breathed【2011福建卷,27】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold【2011安徽卷, 30】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to brea

20、k（4） 在一些表示人物情绪的形容词后用to do此类词常见的有：happy，disappointed，delighted，angry，surprised，anxious08北京I feel greatly honoredinto their society.A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomedD.welcomed10辽宁We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found【2012全国

21、II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched（5）在某些动词的被动语态后面接to do/to have done/to have been done ，这些结构分别是：Sb (sth)+ be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought+to d

22、o/to have done/to have been done06湖北AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it isB. to beC. that it has been D. to have been07辽宁The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-m

23、eter hurdle race. A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break(6) 在but/except/besides/(意思都是“除了.”)后接动词原形do和to do的区别请看例题： I have no choice but to clean my room.(but前没do，那就to do) I have nothing to do but clean my room.（but前有do，那就只do）巧记方法：一山不能二虎，要么to要么do【2012陕西卷】22.If he takes on this work, h

24、e will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet特5：动名词或现在分词doing的几点特殊用法（1） 动名词的复合结构 (有点像日本人说“你的干活) I dont mind your opening the window. （此考点近十年没有考过）_A_the same mistakes again made his parents very angry.A his having made B he has made C he had making D him

25、 making（2）哪些动词以及词组后面只能接doing (近十年时常考到)常考的词有：consider，admit，imagine，risk，escape，delay常考的词组：be used to, devote to, stick to, get down to, cant stand，cant help巧记方法：不需死记，只需搞清楚doing还有某事已完成的感觉比如说admit（承认），造一个句子，我承认偷了你的书包，你在承认的时候偷东西这个动作肯定发生过吧，所以接doing， 翻译为 I admit stealing your bag.2013年【上海卷】34. Young peop

26、le may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone【2011四川卷,2】Ladex doest feel like abroad. Her parents are old.A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study特6：只能后面接动词原形do，英语中只有let/make/have( 当都作“使。”时)，并称“三使”（后面还有一个“三需”）即 Let/make/have sb do

27、 sth 使某人做某事07北京Excuse me sir,where is Room 301? Just a minute.Ill have Bob _you to your room. A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing07江苏My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good2013年【陕西卷】Let those in need _ that we

28、will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood特7：后面既可以接动词原形do，又可以接doing的词（后者考得较多） 大家记住一个口诀：五看两厅一感觉五看：see（saw），look at，watch，notice，observe两厅（听）：listen to， hear（heard） 一感觉： feel（felt）10湖南Listen! Do you hear someone for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D.

29、 called 【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound特8：动词后面既可以直接接to do（该动作未做），又可以接doing（该动作已做）Forget to do sth remember to do sthregret to do sthForget doing sth remember doing sth regret doing sth Try to do sth 尽力或努力

30、做某事 mean to do sth 打算或故意做某事Try doing sth 尝试做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事【2012安徽卷】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 特9: 动词后加上名词或代词接to do，或直接接doingAllow/permit/forbid/advise/considerSb to do sth(喜

31、欢考此结构的被动语态)Doing sth(2011天津卷,7)Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried（2012上海卷）As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed into the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone特10：英语中可以用主动的doing表示被

32、动意义动词中的绝对奇葩词：need/require/want 都作“需要”讲时，后可接doing表被动，当然也可以接 to be done, 此三词并称“三需”The flower needs/requires/wantsTo be donewateringBe worth doing=be worthy to be doneDeserve doing=deserve to be done特11：部分动词的现在分词doing和过去分词done转变成形容词的用法区别例如：gone lost drunk interested unfinished unsettled untouched broke

33、n 请大家记住以下几组常考词的区别Boiling water 正沸腾的水（表示水正在烧）Boiled water 开水 （水已经烧开了，动作结束）Falling leaves 正在下落的树叶（正在进行）Fallen leaves落下的叶子 （叶子已落地）Burning house 正在燃烧的房子 （房子正在燃烧）Burned/burnt house 烧毁的房子 （房子已经烧成了废墟）07全国II smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burn

34、t D. to be burnt特12：务必记住以下几个特殊动词的用法 （频率较高）Get sb to do sth =set sb to do sth 使某人做某事Get sb/sth done =have sb/sth done 使某人或某事被做 （常考）Leave sb/sth doing=keep sb/sth doing 使。一直做。leave sth undone 留下某事没有做catch sb doing sth 抓住了某人正在做某事2004全国IISarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 2004天津Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2004重庆Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get