非谓语动词——动名词、分词讲解

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词的使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下。例：She got off the bus, but (leave) her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, (leave) her handbag on her seat.练习：划出非谓语动词。1. There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.2. Whenever he was asked why he was

2、 late for class, he would answer carelessly, always offering the same excuse.3. In the dream Peter saw himself ran after by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly.4. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008.动名词 Gerund1 结构 Structure: doing 否定 Negative: not doing2 时态和

3、语态V-ing主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having done（不作定语）having been done（不作定语）3 在句中承担的成分：1. 主语 2. 宾语 3. 定语 4. 表语1. 作主语Collecting information is very important to business.例：What made him so unhappy? the ticket for the football match.A. Having been lost B. Lost C. To lose D. Losing句型：It is no use/ good

4、doing sth 做某事是没有用的。（It 作形式主语）2. 作宾语。Vt. / Prep. + doing下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, imagine, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help

5、, mind, allow / permit, escape, forbid, risk此外be/ get used to, prevent / stop/ keep sb from doing sth, be fond of, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, succeed in, be b

6、usy (in), have difficulty / trouble / fun/ problem (in), have a good /great/ wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。例： The squirrels was lucky that they just missed (catch). I can hardly imagine Peter (sail)across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your （call) back this afternoon.

7、The boy stood still without (dare) to raise his head because of (break) a vase.注意：1.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth.忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来

8、去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事2. 在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit, imagine, cons

9、ider 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.如：We dont allow (smoke) here.We dont allow students (smoke).The doctor advised me (not go) to bed too late.Please permit me (introduce) myself to you first.You sur

10、ely cant consider him to be a selfish man.My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night.The little boy admitted (break) the glass.They shouldnt allow parking in the street; its too narrow.3. 作表语My hobby is (collect) stamps and (fish).His job is (teach).分析句中划线部分的成分。Im fishing. My hobby is fishing.

11、4. 作定语。（1） 动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能。a walking stick、a swimming pool、a sleeping car（2） 现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态。the walking man、the swimming girl、the sleeping boy动名词的逻辑主语：Tom insisted on coming to the party.Tom insisted on my coming to the party.5. 动名词表示被动意义：need / want/ require/ be worth/ deserve + V.-ing = need /

12、want/ require/ be worth/ deserve + to be doneYour compostion needs （improve）.The book is worth (read) a second time.Participle （分词）：-ing （现在分词）、-ed（过去分词）一结构-ing 分词主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing made完成式having donehaving been made-ed分词主动语态被动语态一般式done完成式2 分词在句中承担的成分由于分词具有形容词性和副词性，在句中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语。主语宾语定语表语补语状

13、语-ing现在分词-ed过去分词3 区分-ing分词与-ed分词。Whats the difference between -ed and -ing?（1） 时态上：-ing 表示进行，-ed表示完成。（2） 语态上：-ing表示主动，-ed表示被动。Exercises:The (work) people have played a great role in the activity.I dont like (can 罐装)food, I prefer something fresh.The girl (stand) by her mother looked very timid.The t

14、opics (discuss) everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008.The topics (discuss) at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.The topics (discuss) at yesterdays meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.巩固练习一1. The man (question) in the police station now is a spy.2. A m

15、an (respect) others will be respected.3. Half of the guests (invite) to the conference were foreigners.4. The matter (discuss) is very important.5. The boy (injure) by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.6. The man (deliver) mails to my office every day is a retired worker.4 作表语The glass is

16、 (break).What he said sounds (convince).Please fill in the blank with the verb (give).V-ing V.-edsurpring surprisedexciting excitedtiring tireddisappointing disappointedencouraging encouragedamazing amazedboring boredinteresting interestedconfusing confusedpleasing pleasedastonishing astonishedSb +

17、Link. V + -ing/ -ed-ing 表示本身的特点 -ed人的感觉巩固练习二用所给动词的-ed或-ing形式填空。1. The journey was quite . (tire)2. The result of the exam made me . (disappoint)3. This was really an moment. (excite)4. His look suggested that he didnt understand it. (puzzle)5. He seemed quite (delight) at the idea.6. The present sit

18、uation is (encourage).5 作补语They caught him cheating in the mid-term examination. （宾语补足语）He was caught cheating in the mid-term examination. （主语补足语）You cant leave the workship with the machine running. (介词宾语补足语)练习：1. He was surprised (find) his room thoroughly . (clean)2. Last night I saw him (play)

19、the violin with his eyes (close).3. They onced heard the song (sing) in English.4. Mother heard the door (open).5. With the test (finish), we began to analyze the result.6. Would you please speak louder so as to make yourself (hear)?6 作状语。分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是

20、主句的主语。 (hear) the news, we jumped with joy. (not know) how to do it, he went to his father for help.Deeply (move) by the story, the children began to cry. (look) out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach. (keep) in frige, these vegetables will remain fresh.The children rushed out, and

21、 . (shout、jump)She walked out of the house, (follow) her little daughter. (consider) as a buidling material, wood is not very strong.The car was held up by the snowstorm,thus (cause) the delay.The glass fell to the ground, (break) to pieces.分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。When (heat), ice can be changed into wat

22、er.While (walk) in the street, I saw a road accident.Though (tire) , I went on with the work.7 分词的时态。-ing / -ed + 主句 （不强调动作先后）Having done / Having been done + 主句 （强调时间先后） (use) as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. (use) for many years, the bike needs (repair).The president promis

23、ed to keep all the board members (inform) of how the negotiations were going on. (be) there more than once, the old professor offered to show us around the new-built library. (invite) to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bag. （not know）his telephone number, she lost touch with him.分词的逻辑主语一般

24、为主句的主语，如果分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语，这叫作分词的独立结构。Weather (permit), well have a field trip tomorrow.但有些分词作状语属于习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。独立成分generally speaking 一般说来 frankly speaking 坦白地说 strictly speaking properly speaking roughly speaking judging from/ by 根据来判断 considering 考虑到 to tell you the trut

25、h 说实话 allowing for = considering、 speaking / talking of 说到，谈及 regarding / respecting / concerning / (coming to) 关于，至于，就而言 granting that 即使，假设 admitting that 虽然说，即使 supposing/ suppose that 假设，如果 barring 除非，不包括，除以外 including 包含，包括 provided / providing that 条件是，如果 seeing that 因为，由于，鉴于 according to 根据,

26、given prep. 考虑到练习题1. The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt2. Generally speaking, when according to the directions（用法说明书）, the drug has no side effect(副作用). A. taking B. taken C. to take D. to be taken a re

27、ply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not receivedBefore , the machine must be checked.A. being used B. using itC. being used to D. using better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and t

28、hem light.A. Giving, given B. Given, givenC. Giving, giving D. Given, giving综合练习1. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose陷入沉思 lose oneself in though = be lost in thought2. Victor apologized his (not be) able to inform me of the change in th

29、e plan.3. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, (exhaust).4. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief (catch).5. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key (solve) the problem is (meet)the demand (make) by the customers.6. With a l

30、ot of difficult problems (settle) , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.7. (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late (clear) up the river.8. Sandy could do nothing but (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.9. Mr. Reed made up his mind (devote) all he had to (set)

31、 up some schools for poor children.10. Tony was very unhappy for (not invite) to the play.11. （give）the general state of his health, it may keep him a while (recover) from the operation.12. There are five pairs of shoes (choose) from, but Im at a loss which (buy).13. Cleaning women in big cities usu

32、ally get (pay) by the hour.14. What worried the child most was his (not allow) visit his mother in the hospital.15. He claimed (badly treat) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.16. (fetch) water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never (break).17. While (shop), people sometimes

33、 cant help (persuade) into buying something they dont really need.18. She looks forward every spring to (walk) in the flower-lined garden.19. Once your business becomes international, (fly) constantly will part of your life.20. The lady would love to have her luggage (weigh).21. The thief was caught

34、 (steal) goods in the supermarket again.22. What happened to Mr. White early this morning?Oh, he was seen (knock) down and the driver (drive) away.答案：8 不定式表示意外的结果，doing表示自然的结果。He hurried to the station only (find) the train gone.His father disappeared during the war, never (hear form).The flood went

35、 by, (leave) no houses.9 With 的复合结构。He went home, with nothing (do).I cant write, with you (look) over my shoulder.We cant go on, with the plan (refuse) by our government. no buses, we have to walk home. Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home.A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It beingThe

36、dirty clothes , the girl hung them up outside. the dirty clothes, the girl hung them up outside.A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having wahsed1. The building now will be a restaurant.2. The building next year will be a restaurant.3. The building last year is a restaurant.A. having been buil

37、t B. to be built C. being built D. built试题（一）1. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered3. Do let your mother know all

38、the truth. She appears _ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time5. _ at the door before entering, please.A. KnockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock6. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admitB. a