解破学06myology1

1、chapter 3 myology 肌学肌学department of anatomyyunyang medical college目的和要求目的和要求掌握骨骼肌的构造、分类、起止和作用。掌握骨骼肌的构造、分类、起止和作用。了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。了解咀嚼肌的组成。掌握咬肌、颞肌的位置了解咀嚼肌的组成。掌握咬肌、颞肌的位置、起止概况和作用。、起止概况和作用。掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、斜角肌间隙。掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、斜角肌间隙。了解躯干肌的分部和分层情况，掌握斜方肌了解躯干肌的分部和分层情况，掌握斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌的位置和主要、背阔肌

2、、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌的位置和主要作用。作用。掌握膈的位置、形态结构特点及膈的功能。掌握膈的位置、形态结构特点及膈的功能。掌握腹前外侧肌群的位置、形态结构、起止掌握腹前外侧肌群的位置、形态结构、起止概况和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘的组成。概况和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘的组成。掌握腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成。掌握腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成。 skeletal muscle: voluntary musclemusclecardiac musclesmooth muscleinvoluntary musclestriated muscle section 1 the general descripti

3、onbones:leverskeletal muscle: motive force systemjoints:axis/hingenstructureqmuscle belly肌腹肌腹qtendon肌腱肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜腱膜一、一、morphology and structure of skeletal musclenmorphologylong muscle short muscleflat muscleorbicular muscle二、二、the origin and insertion ,architecture and action of the skeletal

4、musclenthe origin and insertion of the skeletal musclenarchitecture of muscles 肌的配布肌的配布: : 根据作用不同分为：原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固根据作用不同分为：原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固定肌定肌nthe action of muscles 肌的作用是在神经肌的作用是在神经的统一支配下牵引骨骼的统一支配下牵引骨骼而产生运动。而产生运动。三、三、nomenclature of mucles肌的命名肌的命名: shap, size, location, points of attachment and their a

5、ctions四、四、accessory structures（一）（一）fascia 筋膜筋膜qsuperficial fasciaqdeep fascia（二）（二） synovial bursa（三）（三）tendinous sheath 腱鞘腱鞘q fibrous layerq synovial layer: mesotendon腱系膜腱系膜, vincula tendinum腱纽腱纽（四）（四）sesamoid bone 籽骨籽骨section 2 the muscles of head一、一、the facial muscles面肌面肌 the epicranius颅顶肌颅顶肌 th

6、e orbicularis oculi 眼眼轮匝肌轮匝肌 the muscles around the mouth 口周围肌口周围肌二、二、the masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌咀嚼肌 the masseter 咬肌咬肌 the temporalis颞肌颞肌 the medial pterygoid 翼内肌翼内肌 the lateral pterygoid 翼外肌翼外肌section 3 the muscles of neck by their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups: super

7、ficial, lateral, anterior and deep.一、一、 the superficial and lateral group 1. the platysma颈阔肌颈阔肌2. sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌actionthe head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side ; protracts head when acting together.insertion mastoid process origin manubrium sternum an

8、d clavicle二、二、 the anterior group 1. the suprahyoid muscles digastric 二腹肌二腹肌 mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌下颌舌骨肌 stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌茎突舌骨肌 geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌颏舌骨肌 2. the infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌胸骨舌骨肌 omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌肩胛舌骨肌 sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌胸骨甲状肌 thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌甲状舌骨肌三、三、 the deep group 1. lateral groupscalenus

9、anterior 前斜角肌前斜角肌scalenus medius 中斜角肌中斜角肌scalenus posterior 后斜角肌后斜角肌scalene fissure: above the first rib, between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius. brachial plexus and subclavian artery2. medial groupthe muscles of trunkthe muscles of backthe muscles of thoraxthe diaphragmthe muscles of abd

10、omensection 4一、一、 the muscles of backtrapezius斜方肌斜方肌 -raises,descends,retracts scapulalatissimus dorsi背阔肌背阔肌 -extends,adducts and medially rotates humeruslevator scapulae肩胛提肌肩胛提肌rhomboideus菱形肌菱形肌erector spinae竖脊肌竖脊肌splenius夹肌夹肌二、二、 the muscles of thoraxnpectoralis major胸大肌胸大肌 - adducts and medially

11、rotates arm npectoralis minor胸小肌胸小肌nserratus anterior前锯肌前锯肌 -holds the scapula against chest wallexternal intercostals 肋间外肌肋间外肌internal intercostals 肋间内肌肋间内肌三、三、 diaphragm 膈膈 actioninspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure insertioncentral tendon originvertebral costal sternalaorti

12、c aperture主动脉裂孔主动脉裂孔 -12th thoracic vertebra -the abdominal aorta the thoracic duct.esophagheal aperture食管裂孔食管裂孔 -10th thoracic vertebra -the esophagus the vagal trunks.vena cava foramen腔静脉裂孔腔静脉裂孔 -8th thoracic vertebra -the inferior vena cava四、四、 the muscles of abdomen anterolateral groupexternal a

13、bdominal obliqueinternal abdominal obliquetransversus abdominisrectus abdominisposteriorgrouppsoas major 腰腰大肌大肌quadratus lumborum腰方肌腰方肌1.1. external abdominal oblique 腹外斜肌腹外斜肌aponeurotic structure-inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带腹股沟韧带 lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带腔隙韧带 pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带耻骨梳韧带 -superficial ingui

14、nal ring 腹股沟浅环腹股沟浅环 （一）（一）anterolateral groupinguinal ligamentlacunar ligamentpectineal ligamentsuperficial inguinal ring2.2.internal abdominal oblique腹内斜肌腹内斜肌inguinal falx 腹股沟镰腹股沟镰(conjoint tendon)3.3. transversus abdominis 腹横肌腹横肌4.4. rectus abdominis腹直肌腹直肌the action of the anterolateral group musc

15、les of abdomenanterior layeraponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique 5.5.sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘腹直肌鞘posterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis6. 6. linea alba 白线白线白线白线弓状线弓状线psoas major 腰大肌腰大肌quadratus lumborum腰方肌腰方肌（二）（二）posterior

16、group（三）（三）inguinal canal 腹股沟管腹股沟管 lying above the medial half of the inguinal ligament; commences at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ringntwo openingsqsuperficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环腹股沟浅环qdeep inguinal ring 腹腹股沟深环股沟深环 defect in transverse fascia 1.5cm above midpoint of i

17、nguinal ligamentboundariesnanterior wallqaponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominisqobliquus internus abdominis nposterior wallqtransverse fascia qinguinal falx mediallynroofarched lower fibers of obliquus internus and transversus abdominisnflooringuinal lignstructures passing through the inguinal canal qspermatic cord 精索精索 in males and round ligament of u