主谓一致与虚拟语气

1、一一. 主谓一致主谓一致1. 语法一致 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 主单，谓单；主复，谓复；不可数名词用单Eg . There is little water in the thermos. ! !注意注意 但当不可数名词前有复数数量词修饰时，那么谓语动词用复数形式。 Eg . There are three cups of coffee on the table. Eg . Large quantities of time are needed 单复数的区分用法。 1）如果主语是 more than one+可数名词单数 或 many a构成，谓语动词用单数。 Eg. Ma

2、ny a girl likes this movie. Eg. More than one student has passed the exam.注意 如果主语是“ more than +复数” 或者“ more + 复 + than one” + 复复Eg. More than 30 students have passed the exam.Eg. More students than one were absent.2）a number of, a variety of, a group of 修饰名词作主语，谓复。而the number of, the variety of , th

3、e amount of , the quantity of 修饰名词作主语，谓单。Eg. A number of students are having class now.Eg. The quantity of books in the library is great.3) One of +n （复数）谓复 the only one of + n （复数） 谓单Eg. This is one of the best movies that have been on this year.Eg. She is the only one of the students who is good a

4、t French in our class.4） 并列结构作主语时谓语动词的数l并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 ,用and 或 both and连接并列主语，谓复Eg. Tom and Jim are good friends.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词 Eg. The poet and writer is famous.l and 连接的并列名词词组带有each, every, many a 等限定词时，其后的谓语用单数。Eg . Every man and every woman likes

5、 this movie.补充：代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。 Eg . Each of us has a mobile phone. Some person _calling for you at the gate.A. are B. is C. is being D. will be2. 意义一致1. 数词表示时间，距离，温度，重量，价格等的名词作主语表示总和作整体时，谓语动词用单。Eg. Sixty dollars is needed. 小试一练Three hours _ enoug

6、h for us to finish the task.A. are B. has C. is D. were2.集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如： Eg . The basketball team consists of ten players, now the team are having lunch.注意注意 有些集体名词如police, people, militia,

7、cattle, youth 等作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。Eg . The police are discussing in the meeting room.Eg . Are there any cattle in the farm？ 3. 单、复数同形的名词主语时, 要根据意义决定谓语的形式。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类）等。Eg . The water works is near the city.Eg . Several means have been tried.注意注意 英语中某些以 ics 结尾的名词，如果表示学科，则用单数，但是，这些

8、名词表示实际内容时，则用复数。Eg . Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn.Eg . Statistics show that about 60% students in China wear glasses.3. 就近原则 与就远原则 1.就近原则There be, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, noror.Eg. Neither the students nor the teacher is to attend the meeting.Eg . There is an app

9、le, two bottles and three books on the desk.2. 就远原则 n + with, together with, along with, combine with, as well as, rather than, but, except, besides, no less thanEg. Lucy as well as her friends, was invited to the party主谓一致练习1.Politics _ one of the subjects that I study.A. Is B. are C. was D. were2.

10、 The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A. has argued B. has been arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing3. Each students _got an English Chinese dictionary. It means that the students each _ a dictionary.A. have; has B. have; haveC. has; has D. has; have虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语

11、气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟条件句 （ if ） 主句与现在事实相反的假设if+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were）Eg . If they were here, they would help us. 主语+would, should, could, might +doEg . If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.

12、与过去相反的假设if+主语+had+过去分词Eg . If they had worked harder, they would have passed the exam.主语+would, should, could, might +have doneEg . If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 与将来相反的假设if+主语+动词的过去式if+主语+were to+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形Eg . If you were to succeed, everything would b

13、e all right.主语+ would, should, could, might+ doEg . If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. l混合条件句 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。 Eg . If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.Eg . If they had informed us, we would not come here now. l虚拟条件句的倒装 在

14、虚拟条件句中，如果把连词if 省去，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。 Eg . Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. Eg . Had you come earlier, you would have met him. l虚拟语气的一些特殊的用法1.特殊的虚拟语气词should 1） suggest （v.）型, 表示命令、建议、要求、请求等意义的动词后面 例如 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command

15、, insist + （should） do等 Eg . He suggested that we （should） go there by bike.Eg . He suggested that we （should） go there by bike.注意如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气 Eg . You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill. （） Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 2）

16、 suggestion （n .）型. suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 Eg . My advice is that you （should） practice your oral English as often as possible.3） essential（adj.）型. 常见的形容词有essential, important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange ，vital, urgent, pos

17、sible, appropriate 等。Eg . It is important that we （should）take care of the patient. 4）用于目的状语从句中。 常用的短语有 in order that, so that, lest, for fear that, in case, 谓语动词形式 （should, might, could, would 等）+ 动词原形。Eg . Bring some money in case you（should）use it.2. 虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法1）It is （high） time （that）中，从句中的谓

18、语动词一般用动词过去式或“should +动词原形” （ should 不可省）Eg . It is high time we went to school.2）wish wish 后的宾语从句用一般过去式表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用would/could 表示与将来相反的情况。Eg . I wish you had come to the wedding.3. Would rather would rather 后的从句常用一般过去时，表示与现在或将来相反的情况；用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况Eg . I would rather you didnt smo

19、ke. Eg. I would rather you hadnt done this.4. 由 if only, as if, as though, even if 等引导的从句要用虚拟语气。Eg . If only she could have lived a little longer.Eg . She behaves as if she were the manager of the company注意！注意！ 比较比较 if only 与与only ifIf only 中，中， if是中心词，是中心词，only 只是加强只是加强if 语气的，主要用语气的，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强

20、烈的愿望或非真实条件，常被在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件，常被译为译为“但愿但愿”，“要是要是多好啊多好啊”Eg. If only she had had more courage! only if 中，中， only 是中心词，表示是中心词，表示“只有只有才才”，“唯一的唯一的条件是条件是” ，一般用于陈述语气，一般用于陈述语气Eg . I will only come home if you come with me. 5.情态动词后的虚拟语气1）表示强烈的责备常用should/ought to have done 表示“本应该做而未做”。其否定为“本不该做某事而做了”。Eg . You should h