必修4Unit2非谓语v-ing

1、必修4 Unit2 语法 动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语 非谓语动词分为动名词(即：v-ing)、动词不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种。非谓语在句中不能作谓语，所以没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。非谓语在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。 本单元我们主要学习动名词作主语和宾语的用法。一、动词的-ing形式作主语1. 动词的-ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语用单数。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。See

2、ing is believing. 眼见为实Listening to music is one of my favorite hobbies.温馨提示：动词的-ing和不定式都可以作主语，动词的-ing作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作，作宾语时的情况也是如此。 To watch a football match is what I want to do today.(to do做主语表示一次性或具体的动作) Swimming is great exercise.游泳是项很好的锻炼。 To clean the classroom is his job to

3、day. 2.常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：(1)It is/was +adj. +doing sth.It is/was worthwhile doing 做是值得的(2) It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间(3) It is/was+ no +n.+ doing sth.It is/was no use doing 做没用处It is/was no good doing 做没有好处(4) 在there be 句型中There is/was +no +doing (joking/ knowing) 无法，不允许There is/was nothing

4、worse than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was +no +n.+ doingThere is/was no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no point doing 做无意义e.g. It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. There is nothing worse than failing in the exam.没有比考试不及格更糟糕的事情了。Ther

5、e is no point in cheating in the exam.考试作弊没有任何意义。There was no knowing how long he might be away. 无法知道他可能会离开多长时间。There is no joking about such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。There is no telling what will happenC.无法预言将会发生什么事情温馨提示：There is no need to do sth. 做没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. 例如There is no need to tell her.

6、 没有必要告诉她。二、动词的-ing形式作作宾语1作动词的宾语mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy, admit（承认）, appreciate, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, imagine（想象）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑） ,postpone (推迟,延期), be worth (值得)等。 Would you mind opening the window?She suggested going to

7、the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake.晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?温馨提示：*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语

8、）做宾语：find/think/consider/feel like + it（形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless + v-ing（真正宾语）.例：I found it useless arguing about it。我发现争论这事没有用。2作介词的宾语devote oneself to（献身于，致力于），（devote ones time/energy/money把某人的时间/ 精力 /金钱用于）object to(反对)，pay attention to, get down to(着手做 , 开始认真做某事)，lead to（导致）, look forward

9、to（期待，盼望），insist on（坚持）, be/get used to（习惯于）, make contributions to（对 做出贡献） feel like doing(想要做) think of/about, dream of/about, prevent/keep/stopfrom, succeed in, be good at, do well in, be fond of, keep on（继续） ,be interested in, be tired of, instead of等。 We are thinking of making a new plan for th

10、e next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 3.在begin/start，continue等后，既可跟不定式，又可跟v-ing 形式做宾语，意义基本相同。例：They usually begin to work/worki

11、ng at nine in the morning. Price will continue to rise/rising.4.在like，love，hate等动词之后，跟v-ing或不定式做宾语，v-ing表示经常性、习惯性的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。I like skating, but I dont like to skate today because I dont feel well.I like reading, but now I like to see a film. Mike likes playing basketball, but he doesnt like t

12、o play basketball this afternoon.5. 某些动词后既可接不定式，又可接v-ing形式，但意思不同，这类词常见的有： forget to do sth. 忘了要做某事（常用否定：dont forget to do不要忘了做某事）forget doing sth.忘了做过某事stop doing sth 停止做某事（指不再做事）stop to do 停下来去做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事go on to do （做完一件事后）接着做（另一件事）cant help doing 情不自禁地做某事cant help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事be

13、used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to do 被用来做 regret doing 后悔做过某事regret to tell /inform sb. 遗憾地告诉、通知某人mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味着要做某事remember to do 记住要做（动作还没有发生）remember doing记得做过（动作已经发生）I regret to tell you that I wont accept your advice.我十分遗憾地告诉你，我不会接受你的建议。I shall never forget seeing the famous writer

14、.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。I remember seeing you somewhere before. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.练习：(1)I remember _ (post) the letter yesterday. posting(2)Ill remember _ (post) the letter. to post(3)I shall never forget _ (see) the famous writer. seeing(4)Dont forget _ (write) to your

15、mother. to write(5)I regret _ (miss) the report. missing(6)I regret _ (say) I cant take your advice. to say6. need/ require/want(需要)doing = need/ require/want to be done ：需要被 The window needsrequireswants cleaningto be cleaned窗户需要清洗。My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.7.在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：be busy

16、(in) doing sth. ：忙于做某事have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have a hard time in doing sth. spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做spend money (in) doing sth. 花金钱做We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet/meeting. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken Engl

17、ish? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？三、V-ing的复合结构v-ing的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+v-ing分词构成。v-ing的复合结构实际上是给v-ing加了一个逻辑主语。（为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。）即：形容词性物主代词+V-ing 名词s+ V-ing代词宾格+ V-ing 名词普通格(Mary, Tom, Mike)+ V-ing Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？ The father ins

18、isted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。 His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now?温馨提示：v-ing的复合结构可在句中作主语和宾语，作主语时，不能用代词宾格+ V-ing 名词普通格+ V-ing四、动词-ing 的时态和语态在时态上，动词-ing

19、有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式，当动词-ing形式表示的动作发生的时间不明确，或与谓语动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后时，用动词-ing的一般式；当动词-ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，常用完成式。 在语态上，动词-ing形式上有主动式(doing, having done)和被动式(being, having been done)。主动形式表示主动意义，被动形式表示被动意义。语态时态主动被动一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been doneI enjoying playing football.

20、(playing表示的时间概念不明确)Im sorry for not having kept my promise.( not having kept my promise发生在Im sorry之前)I dont like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。He came in without being asked. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。He insisted on being sent to work in the coun

21、tryside.他坚持被派到乡下工作。五、动词-ing的否定形式动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词-ing形式之前。 即：not + doing not having donenot being done, not having been doneI regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。I apologize for not having waited for you. 没有等你，我向你表示歉意。The problem is far from being solved .这问题远没得到解决。She

22、 didnt mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。Marys not attending the meeting on time made me unhappy.玛丽没能准时参加会议，让我很不高兴。练习：1. The story was so funny that we _. A. cant help laughing B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh2.Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed3. He attended the party without_. A. invited B. inviting C. havi