V-ing形式作定语作状语

1、attribute 定语定语 是修饰是修饰_词词.单词作定语时通常放单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。名名前前后后V-ing 形式作定语有以下几种情况：形式作定语有以下几种情况： 1、表示其动作是其所修饰的名词发出的，与所、表示其动作是其所修饰的名词发出的，与所修饰的名词是主动关系。修饰的名词是主动关系。单个的单个的V-ing形式作定语形式作定语时，通常放在时，通常放在被修饰词的前面被修饰词的前面；V-ing短语短语作定语作定语时，一般放在时，一般放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面。 2

2、、表示所修饰的名词、表示所修饰的名词正在正在进行进行的动作的动作,与所修饰与所修饰的名词构成的名词构成主动主动关系关系。 The performer entertaining the children is a friend of my father. 3、表示物体的、表示物体的用途用途。 It is a bad habit to waste drinking water.1. Its a pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept2. The _ buildings showe

3、d us that an earthquake was coming. A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake 3.The hotel _ now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. A. to be built B. being built C. built D. buildingCAB 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的上的主谓主

4、谓关系关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式1、作时间状语 (When) Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) Having found her

5、car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. (= After she found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help .)同时发生同时发生先发生先发生在逻辑上，当动词在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作动作同时发生时用一般式（同时发生时用一般式（V-ing);在句子谓语动词表示的动作在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前之前发生时用发生时用完成式完成式( having done).1._ in the fields on a

6、 March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of Spring.A.To walk B. Having walked C. Walked D. Walking2. The old man, _ aboard for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.B.to work B. working C. to have worked D. having workedDD2、作原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=Because/As he was i

7、ll, he didnt go to school.) Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.) Not thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I didnt think he might be at home, I called him.)because, as, since表示原因的动词表示原因的动词-ing 形式一般放于句首，相当于一个原因状语形式一般放于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定

8、式直接在从句。其否定式直接在ing之前之前加加 not.1. _ a reply, he decided to write again.(NMET92)A.Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 2. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (1991上海上海)A.Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Havi

9、ng not knownCA现在分词作原因状语现在分词作原因状语, 分词结构中否定词分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。通常放在现在分词前面。作原因状语作原因状语3、作方式、伴随状语、作方式、伴随状语： He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.) I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. (=I saw several young people enter the waiting ar

10、ea and they looked around curiously.)动词-ing 表伴随时，可以扩展成为一个并列句。1.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A.who prepares B. preparingC. prepared D. was preparing2. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004.北京）北京）A. put B. to be

11、 put C. to put D. puttingBD4、作结果状语 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off. (=Unfortunately his father died, and left the family even worse off.) The song is sung all over the country, _ .making it the most popular song 动词动词-ing形式的结果状语表示形式的结果状语表示情理之中情理之中的结果的结果 动词不定式动词不定式 (on

12、ly to do ) 作结果状语表作结果状语表出乎意料的出乎意料的结果结果He rushed to the train station, only _the train had gone. A . finding B. found C. finds D. to find C5、作条件状语 （If）Working harder, you will succeed. (=If you work harder, you will succeed.)动词动词-ing 形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。一直往前走，你就

13、会看到一座白色的房子。 Walking ahead, you will see a white house. Keeping on trying, you will realize your dream.Keep on trying, and you will realize your dream.6、作让步状语 Being young，the little boy knows a lot about computer. (=Though the little boy is young, he knows a lot about computer.) Being clever enough,

14、you should ask me for more advice. (=Although you are clever enough, you should ask me for more advice.)though, although独立成分作状语独立成分作状语有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：入语。常见的有：generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言一般而言/坦率地说坦率地说/ 严格地说严格地说judging from /by 根据根

15、据来判断来判断considering / taking into consideration考虑到考虑到；鉴于；鉴于supposing / providing /provided that 如果如果compared with 与与相比相比 例如例如 Judging from his accent ,he is from the south . Considering your health , you d better have a rest .现在分词与过去分词区别现在分词与过去分词区别两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：（1 1）在时态上：）在时态上

16、：现在现在分词表示正在分词表示正在进行进行，而而过去过去分词表示已经分词表示已经完成完成。例如：。例如： （2 2）在语态上：）在语态上：现在现在分词表示分词表示主动主动；而；而过去过去分词表示分词表示被动被动。总之，总之，分词表分词表；分词表分词表。在句法功能上它们都可以作在句法功能上它们都可以作定语和定语和，它，它们的具体区别如下：们的具体区别如下： China is a developing country,while America is a developed one.1、作定语时、作定语时取决于取决于分词与被修饰词分词与被修饰词的关系：的关系：主动关系或主谓关系用主动关系或主谓关系

17、用 doing被动关系或动宾关系用被动关系或动宾关系用 done1. The meeting is very important.2.Tell the children not to make so much noise.3. They lived in a room .4. I hate to see letters .被动关系被动关系被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系练习练习1. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（10 全国1）A.to borrow B. to be borrowe

18、d C. borrowed D. borrowing2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. （09 北京）A.grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 3. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.（09浙江）A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicateD

19、. to be indicating4. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. （09上海）A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 2.作状语时作状语时1）.分词的选取分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系主动关系，用，用 doing 被动关系被动关系，用，用 done 例如：例如：Seen from the moon, the earth looks lik

20、e a blue ball.Seeing nobody at home , he left.被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系练习：练习：1. It rained heavily in the south,_serious flooding in several provinces.（10天津）天津）A.caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 2 _the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.（10上海）上海）A.Approaching B. Appr

21、oached C. To approach D. To be approached3. _at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.（10北京）北京）A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked4. (2005山东卷山东卷)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57. 65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching5. (2007 浙江卷浙江卷