致用英语综合教程Unit5

1、 relationshipsunit 5relationships warming-upwarming-upreadingreadinglanguagelanguage inin useuse projectproject culture tipsculture tipshomeworkhomework warming-upwarming-up listen to the song. fill the blanks in the lyrics while listening. warming-upwarming-upi believe i can loveyou give me your lo

2、ving i believe in what we arei dont know where i would bewithout you staying with mesometimes, im lost in you will take me all the wayim not oh, you and mehand in hand to everywhere be my friend, oh friendwe are forever friendsoh babyyou give me all the love i needyou are the oneforever friendcaremi

3、seryafraidamazingonly 2. in you opinion, what is a friend? what does friendship mean to you? what do you think are the most important factors that can keep a long-lasting close relationship with your friends? what about with your family members and relatives? how can we make our close relationships

4、last long? warming-upwarming-upreadingreadingpre-reading tasksreading comprehensionafter-reading taskspre-readingpre-readingdo you think peoples perception and thinking are greatly influenced by others? if so, by whom are people most probably influenced? discuss these questions in groups.comprehensi

5、oncomprehensionbonded bybonded by loopsloops andand flaresflares 1 douglas was a happily married man. after dinner parties, his wife carol and he would wash the dishes together and relive the highlights of the conversation theyd just enjoyed. unfortunately, when carol was 42 and their children were

6、5 and 2, carol died of a brain tumor. 2 a few months later, douglas was looking at a picture of carol. he describes what he felt in his recent book, i am a strange loop. comprehensioncomprehension 3 “i looked at her face and looked so deeply that i felt i was behind her eyes and all at once i found

7、myself saying in tears, thats me. thats me! 4 “and those simple words brought back many thoughts that i had had before when i was together with her. i remembered the same hopes and dreams my wife and i had shared for our children. these hopes were not separate or distinct hopes but were just one hop

8、e, which i did not have before being married and having children. i realised that though carol had died, that core piece of her had not died at all, but that it had lived on very determinedly in my brain.”comprehensioncomprehension 5 the greeks say we suffer our way to wisdom, and douglass suffering

9、 deepened his understanding of who we are, which he had developed as a professor of cognitive science at indiana university. 6 douglas already understood that the mind is very complex. there are dozens of thoughts, processes and emotions competing for attention at any one time. carols death brought

10、home that when people communicate, they send out little flares into each others brains. friends and lovers create feedback loops of ideas and habits and ways of seeing the world. even though carol was dead, her habits and perceptions were still active in the minds of those who knew her.comprehension

11、comprehension 7 douglas could feel that carols self was still present, even though it would disappear gradually with time. he believes a self is a point of view, a way of seeing the world. it comes from the mixture of all the flares, loops and perceptions that have been shared and developed with oth

12、ers. douglass and carols selves overlapped, and that did not stop with her death. 8 most political and social disagreements come from different theories about “the self”. the “self” is formed from the habits, perceptions, points of view and way of seeing the world that develop in a person from being

13、 shared and given feedback by others. douglas believes that when two people share their lives, they also share hopes and dreams that often become fused into one.comprehensioncomprehension 9 this shows that the individualists who think that success is something they achieve through their own genius a

14、nd will-power may be mistaken. 10 it also shows that the people who believe they can find their true, real “self” only in their inner being may also be wrong. 11 douglas points towards a modern way of understanding how people fit into society. in the modern information age, it seems that people may

15、be bonded by communication. the huge web of information in genes, brains and even conversation forms a whole that we call society.comprehensioncomprehension 12 in the information age, it seems right that wed see people bonded by communication. its not exactly new to say that no man is an island. but

16、 douglas is one of hundreds of scientists and scholars showing how connection between people actually works. what he has described is like a vast web of informationsome contained in genes, some in brain structure, some in the flow of dinner conversationthat joins us to our ancestors and reminds the

17、living of the presence of the dead.comprehensioncomprehension1. loop n. a shape like a curve or circle made by a line curving back towards itself 环形，圈状 e.g. the plane flew round and round in wide loops. comprehensioncomprehension2. flare n. a bright but unsteady light or flame that does not last lon

18、g 光，火光 e.g. the flare of the candles formed a heart.comprehensioncomprehension3. relive v. to experience something again, especially in your imagination 再次体验，重温，回味 e.g. i relived that fateful day over and over again in my mind.comprehensioncomprehension4. hightlight n. the best, most interesting or

19、most exciting part of something 最有意思或最精彩的部分 e.g. the highlight of our tour was seeing the palace. comprehensioncomprehension5. bring (sth.) home to (sb.) to be understood by somebody or to make somebody understand something 使深切的感到（或清楚的认识到） e.g. his account brought home to us the gravity of the situa

20、tion.serious!comprehensioncomprehension6. perception n. the way you notice things, especially with the senses, the ability to understand the true nature of something; an idea or belief 知觉，感知，洞察力，看法 e.g. his analysis of the problem showed great perception.comprehensioncomprehension7. overlap v. if tw

21、o things overlap, part of one thing covers part of the other 部分重叠，交叠 e.g. the tiles on the roof overlap one another.comprehensioncomprehension8. bond v. to (cause to) stick together, e.g. with glue 紧紧连接 e.g. you need a strong adhesive to bond wood to metal.comprehensioncomprehension以光与环的形式紧密相连以光与环的形

22、式紧密相连 1 道格拉斯曾经是个幸福的已婚男人。聚会晚餐之后，妻子卡罗尔会和他一起洗盘子并且回顾刚才有趣的话题。不幸的是，卡罗尔42岁时因脑瘤去世。当时他们的两个孩子一个5岁，另一个2岁。 2 几个月之后的一天，道格拉斯在看卡罗尔的照片。在他的新书我是一个陌生的环中他这样描述自己当时的感受：comprehensioncomprehension 3 “我深深地凝望她的脸，直到感觉自己开始用她的眼睛看世界。突然间我发现自己已是满脸泪水，口中念道：那就是我。那就是我！” 4 这些话让我记起了很多和她在一起时我的想法，记起了她和我关于孩子的共同希望和梦想。这些希望既不孤立也不遥远，它们只是我娶妻生子之

23、前从未有过的一个希望。我意识到，尽管卡罗尔已经死了，但她最核心的部分并没有离去，而是非常执着地继续存活在我的脑子里。”comprehensioncomprehension 5 希腊人说智慧苦中求。道格拉斯的痛苦加深了他对我们是谁这个问题的理解。作为印第安纳大学认知科学的教授，他对这一问题自有研究。 6 道格拉斯意识到人的思维非常复杂，同时会有一二十种思想、过程和情感争相吸引人的注意力。卡罗尔的死让他看清了当人们进行交流的时候，他们向彼此的脑子里发送光。朋友和恋人之间会产生思想的、习惯的和世界观的反馈环。尽管卡罗尔已经去世，她的习惯和认知在认识她的人的思维中依然活跃。comprehensionc

24、omprehension 7 道格拉斯能够感觉到卡罗尔的自我终会随着时间的流逝慢慢消失，但目前依然存在。他相信，自我是一个观点，是看世界的一种方法。它是光、反馈环和认知混合后的产物，而这些光、反馈环和认知总是与他人共同拥有并共同发展的。道格拉斯的自我和卡罗尔的自我重叠在了一起，没有随卡罗尔的死而停止。 8 绝大多数的政治和社会争端都源自关于自我的不同理论。习惯、认知、视角和世界观在一个人与他人分享、接受反馈的过程中得到发展，而他的“自我”就是在这种发展的基础上形成的。道格拉斯认为两个人分享生活的同时，也在分享他们的希望和梦想，且这些希望和梦想最终交融为一。comprehensioncompre

25、hension 9 有些个人主义者认为成功是通过个人天才和意志来实现的，道格拉斯的观点说明了此看法是错误的。 10 有些人认为他们的真实自我只存在于他们内心深处。道格拉斯的观点也揭露了这一信条的错误。 11 道格拉斯为理解人们如何适应社会指出了一个现代的方法。在信息时代，人们因为沟通交流而紧密联系。基因、大脑甚至交谈组成的一张巨大信息网络使我们形成一个整体，我们将其称为社会。comprehensioncomprehension 12 在信息时代，认为人与人通过交流而紧密相连的看法似乎非常正确了。没有人是一座孤岛的说法也并非是全新的。几百位科学家和学者已经揭示了人与人之间的联系具体是如何运行的，

26、道格拉斯就是其中之一。他所描述的是一张广大的信息网一些存在于基因里，一些存在于脑结构中，一些存在于晚宴的谈话间。正是这些信息把我们与我们的先辈联系在一起，并且提醒着我们那些逝者依然存在。after-readingafter-readingdiscussion: what is the mental process like when people communicate according to douglas? what are the implications of douglass findings?1. how do you understand the title?languagel

27、anguage inin useusegrammar developmentvocabulary buildinggrammargrammarthe use of “what” and “which”what what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句。语从句和同位语从句。 what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相 应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么什么”、“所所 的的”、“的样子的样子”等。二是它在相应的名词性从句中

28、一等。二是它在相应的名词性从句中一 定做成分，而且常作主语、宾语或表语。定做成分，而且常作主语、宾语或表语。grammargrammar一、引导主语从句一、引导主语从句1) what we need is more time. (what作作need的宾语的宾语) 我们所需要的是更多的时间。我们所需要的是更多的时间。 2) what really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes. (what作作 matters的主语的主语) 真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋。真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋。二、引导宾语从句二、引导宾语从句1) people

29、were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from what it is today. (what作从句中作从句中is的表语的表语) 很久以前当生活与现在的生活完全不同时，人们或许更诚实。很久以前当生活与现在的生活完全不同时，人们或许更诚实。 2) people have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see what he will do. (what分别作动词分别作动词heard和和see的宾语的宾语) 人们已经听

30、到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么人们已经听到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么。grammargrammar三、引导表语从句三、引导表语从句1) whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worries the public. (what作从句中的主语作从句中的主语) 是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民众担心的事儿。是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民众担心的事儿。 2) that is what i want to tell you. (what作从句中的宾语作从句中的宾语) 那就是我想告诉你的

31、事儿。那就是我想告诉你的事儿。 3) the little girl is no longer what she used to be. (what作从句中的表语作从句中的表语) 这个小女孩不再是过去的样子了。这个小女孩不再是过去的样子了。四、引导同位语从句四、引导同位语从句1) they have no idea at all what he is working on. (what作从句的宾语作从句的宾语) 他们一点儿都不知道他正在做什么。他们一点儿都不知道他正在做什么。 2) you have no idea what i suffered. (what作从句的宾语作从句的宾语) 你不知

32、道我所遭受的痛苦。你不知道我所遭受的痛苦。grammargrammarwhichwhich常用来引导定语从句。常用来引导定语从句。一、一、关系代词关系代词which用来指物，在定语从句中常可与用来指物，在定语从句中常可与that互换。例如互换。例如: a bookstore is a store which/that sells books. 书店即卖书的商店。书店即卖书的商店。二、二、当当which充当关系代词代表前面整个主句意思的时候，在非限制定充当关系代词代表前面整个主句意思的时候，在非限制定 语从句中可以与语从句中可以与as交换使用（但交换使用（但as引导的这类从句可以置于主句之引导的

33、这类从句可以置于主句之 前或之后，前或之后，which引导的从句只能置于主句之后）。例引导的从句只能置于主句之后）。例 he saw her every day, which/as was natural. 他天天看见她，那是很自然的。他天天看见她，那是很自然的。grammargrammar三、有时候三、有时候，which以介词短语的形式引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句以介词短语的形式引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句 中作定语。例如中作定语。例如: it rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into piec

34、es。雨下了一天一夜，就在此期间，船撞碎了。雨下了一天一夜，就在此期间，船撞碎了。in 1960 he came to london, in which city he has lived ever since. 1960年他来到伦敦，自此在该城一直住到现在。年他来到伦敦，自此在该城一直住到现在。call again at eleven, by which time the meeting should be over. 十一点再打电话，到那时会议该结束了。十一点再打电话，到那时会议该结束了。vocabularyvocabularyvocabulary building we have lea

35、rned about compound words in unit 2. in the reading text, we have some “noun + noun” patternwords such as “dinner party”, “brain tumor”, “feedback loop” and “information age”. these “noun + noun” pattern words are very common in english.can you think of some “noun + noun” pattern words?1. work in gr

36、oups. brainstorm as many words as possible.2. match a word in column a with a word in column b to form a “noun + noun” pattern word. day sun cattlehouseshoeheadnightpocketarmmaidgoldclubacheservantriseknifesmithshedbreakmakerkeeperchairvocabularyvocabulary projectproject maintaining a good relations

37、hip with your neighbours is very important. sometimes we have nice and helpful neighbours, but we also have strange neighbours. think about the best, the worst, or the strangest neighbours you have ever had. tell your classmates a story about your neighbours by playing it out! you may carry out this activity by following the steps below.neighbours projectprojectstep 1in groups of four, think about what