新概念第二册lesson45

1、lesson 45 a clear conscience1.clear adj. 无罪的；不亏心的；无罪的；不亏心的；清晰地清晰地a clear conscience 问心无愧问心无愧2.conscience n. 道德；良心道德；良心eg:不做亏心事，不怕半夜鬼敲门。不做亏心事，不怕半夜鬼敲门。 a clear conscience never fears midnight knocking. 3.wallet n. 钱包钱包 4.savings n. 存款存款saving bank 储蓄银行储蓄银行eg: 他用存的钱买了这辆自行车。他用存的钱买了这辆自行车。 he used his sav

2、ings to buy the bike .5.villager n. 村民；乡下人村民；乡下人er 表示人，类似的词很多。如：表示人，类似的词很多。如：waiter 侍者侍者 manager 经理经理 reporter 记者记者6.per cent 百分之百分之eg: 我百分之百同意。我百分之百同意。im 100 per cent in agreement .textlisten and anwser:1.this story is about _. sam benthb. sam benton c. benth2.did he found his wallet outside his fr

3、ont door ?a.yes ,he did b. no ,he didnt3.how much money was sent to the owner in total ?a.100 per cent b.25 per cent c.75 per cent 1the whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.主从复合句，主从复合句，that引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句。 （1）village在这里为在这里为总称总称，指，指“村村民民”，the whole village指指“全村的人全村的人” eg:这

4、消息使全村的人兴奋。这消息使全村的人兴奋。the whole village was excited by the news.2. learn在句中的含义为在句中的含义为“获悉获悉”、“得得知知”：我刚刚得知她病了。我刚刚得知她病了。ive just learnt that she was ill.3sam benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. 简单句。简单句。while 引导的现在分词作伴随引导的现在分词作伴随状语状语while he was ta

5、king his savings to the post office。现在分词这样用的。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个主语是同一个，并且，并且这这两个动作通常是同时发生的两个动作通常是同时发生的.他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。he listened to music while cleaning the room.如果是如果是主语不一致主语不一致则必须用则必须用从句从句：我打扫房间时，他在听音乐我打扫房间时，他在听音乐he listened to music while i was cleaning the room.4sam was su

6、re that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagersmust have been + 动词过去分词动词过去分词用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早走了。走了。when i arrived, he wasnt here. he must have left early.5it contained half the money he had lost, half the money = half of the money，money前

7、都必须有前都必须有the，因为，因为是是指特定的钱指特定的钱。这面包有一半已变质了。这面包有一半已变质了。half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.6in time, all sams money was paid back in this way. 含一般过去式的简单句。含一般过去式的简单句。（1）in time可以表示可以表示“经过一段时间经过一段时间”或或“最终最终”、“迟早迟早”： 我最终总有一天会把一切都告诉你我最终总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。的。 ill tell you everything in time.（2）in this way表

8、示表示“用这样的方用这样的方式式”： 必须注意你的拼写。必须注意你的拼写。 这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。 you must pay attention to your spelling. in this way, you can become a good secretary in time.语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。表示主语是动作的承受者。 歌诀是：被动语态歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。字变，过去分词

9、跟后面。 1）we use electricity to run machines. （主动语态）（主动语态） 2）electricity is used to run machines. （被动语态）（被动语态）时间时间 现在现在 过去过去一般时一般时 进行时进行时 完成时完成时 be donebe being donebe(was,were) donebe being done将来将来 will / shall be donewill / shall have been donehave/has been donehad been done过去将来过去将来would / should be

10、 donewould / should have been done 1、 一般现在时一般现在时的被动语态的被动语态 am / is / are + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词our classroom is cleaned every day.this car is made in china. 2、一般过去式一般过去式的被动语态的被动语态 was / were + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词his desk was cleaned just now.the station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时现在进行时的被动语态的被动语态am / is / are +

11、being + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 a new factory is being built in our city now. some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时过去进行时的被动语态的被动语态was / were + being + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 a new factory was being built in our city at that time. some babies were being looked after by miss chen last year. 5、一般将来时一般将来时的被动

12、语态的被动语态: (a) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (b) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去动词的过去分词分词. some new factories will be built in our city this year. your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时过去将来时的被动语态的被动语态(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去

13、分词. she said that some new factories would be built soon in our city. he thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour 7、现在完成时现在完成时的被动语态的被动语态have / has + been + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词some new factories have been built in the city since last year.your watch has been mended already. 8、过去完成时过去完成

14、时的被动语态的被动语态had + been + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 he said that some new factories had been built in the city.i didnt know that my watch had been mended . 带双宾语的两种被动语态形式：带双宾语的两种被动语态形式： 把把指人的间接宾语指人的间接宾语用作被动句的主语用作被动句的主语 she gave me a book. i was given a book by her. 把把指物的直接宾语指物的直接宾语用作被动句的主语，用作被动句的主语，此时，间接宾语前需加介词此时

15、，间接宾语前需加介词to或或for 1) she gave me a book. a book was given to me by her.一般现在时：一般现在时：amisare done一般过去时：一般过去时：waswere done现在完成时：现在完成时：have has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been done现在进行时：现在进行时：amisare being done过去进行时：过去进行时：was / were being done一般将来时：一般将来时：shall will be done过去将来时：过去将来时：should would be done含

16、情态动词：情态动词含情态动词：情态动词be done 2). she bought me a present. a present was bought for me by her.练习练习:her mother gave her a new pen（变被动）（变被动）a new pen _ _ _ her by her motherwas given to1.the new computers _ to the village school as presents last month.are given b. gavec. given d. were given2.-when _ this

17、 kind of computer_?-last year.did;use b. was;used a.c. is;used d. are;used 3 this english song_ by the girls after class.a. often sings b. often sangc. is often sang d. is often sung4 the broken bike_ here by mr smith.a. can mend b. can mendedc. can be mend d. can be mended5 the papers _ to them.wer

18、e shown b. show c. shown / d. have shown6 what time _ the door _ every day?does; closed b. does; close c. is; closed d. /; close1. last year vegetables _ (grow) in the garden by tom and he _ (sell) them himself. 2. she _ (help)him with his homework tomorrow evening. 3. how many magazines _ ( can bor

19、row) in your library every week ? 答案：答案：were grown/ sold/will help/can be borrowed 5. who _ (save) her father yesterday? he _ (save) by that policeman. 6. the doctor _ (send for) because his grandpa was ill. 答案：答案：saved /was saved/was sent for 7. _ paper _ (make) of wood ? 1.they often clean their classroom after school（改为被动语态（改为被动语态) their classroom_often_by them after school.is /made /are cleaned2.li lei gave t