use句子概论名词性从句使用

1、名词名词主语主语同位语同位语表语表语其他成分其他成分宾语宾语句子表语表语同位语同位语名词性从句名词性从句主语主语宾语宾语a womanly man that you dont like him makes him heartbroken.the fact that you dont like him makes him heartbroken.that is why you dont like him.we now know that you dont like him.point out the function of each noun in the following sentences

2、: 1.the world loves nature. 2.knowledge is power .3.we chinese are peace-loving. subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 his job is important.what he does is important.表语表语this is his job.this is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 i don

3、t like his job.i dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 i dont know about the man, mr. white.i dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句？ 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clausethe object clause 一、宾语从句的概

4、念宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。eg. we know that mr guo teaches us english. she asked if these answers were right. 二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）,语 序,时 态导词放当中，陈述语序从，时态要呼应thatthat引导引导陈述句陈述句的宾语从句的宾语从句who,whom,whose,which， what where,how,why,when引导引导特殊疑问句特殊疑问句的宾语从句的宾语从句whether, if 引导引导一般疑问句一般疑问句的宾语从句的宾语从句（一）引导词:不同的引导词引导不同的宾

5、语从句1.i hear (that) _. 2.he said (that) _. 3.the teacher told us (that) _ _.4.im afraid _. he will be back in an hour he liked basketball very much the earth moves1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略充当成分，在口语当中往往省略around the sunthat i have made a mistake(他一小时后回来他一

6、小时后回来)(他非常喜欢篮球他非常喜欢篮球)(地球绕着太阳转地球绕着太阳转)我犯了一个错误我犯了一个错误 宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略：不能省略： （1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个宾语时，第二个that不能省；不能省； （2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。 （3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句 everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. the reason l

7、ies in that she works harder than the others do. i think it necessary that you should read english aloud.2) whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句i want to know _ _.2. ask him _. 3. i wonder _. if (whether) he has come up with new ideas if he is satisfied with the result of the match. whether it is going to rai

8、n or notif/ whether “是否是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在楚。常用在ask, wonder, doubt ,can(could) you tell me 等后。等后。他是否想出了新主意他是否想出了新主意他是否对比赛结果感到满意他是否对比赛结果感到满意天是否将要下雨天是否将要下雨只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况介词之后，不定前，介词之后，不定前， or not连用也安全连用也安全1.在介词后面：在介词后面：im thinking of whether we should go fishing.we are wo

9、rried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在动词不定式前：在动词不定式前：they asked me whether to go skating.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时:i dont know whether hes free or not.mary asked whether i was doing my homework or not.tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：whether

10、 this is true or not, i cant say.1. he asked _. 2. do you know_?3. he asked_.4. do you know _?5. please tell me _. 6. could you tell me _? who was on duty today whom they are waiting for whose english was the best in the class when well have a class meeting where the nearest hospital is. why you rec

11、ommend sandy 3)由连接代词由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。as the chairperson of the students union （二）语序：陈述句语序 即：主句即：主句+引导词引导词+从句（从句（主主+谓谓+其他成分其他成分）can you tell me _(你多大啦你多大啦)? 当当what, which,

12、who在从句中在从句中作主语或是作主语或是以下以下句子时，语序不变：句子时，语序不变：whats wrong? whats the matter?whats happening? what happened?e.g: can you tell me who is over there? i dont know whats the matter. are you? will you? have you? do you?can you?是疑问句语序是疑问句语序how old you are主句一般现在时，从句可用任何时态。主句一般现在时，从句可用任何时态。主句一般过去时，从句用主句一般过去时，从句

13、用与过去相关的时态与过去相关的时态。（三）时态：从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。名言时，仍用现在时。dad told us that knowledge is power.he told the boy that three and four is seven.he told me the sun rises in the east.当主句为一般过去时当主句为一般过去时,从句中有具体的过去时间从句中有具体的过去时间状语时状语时,一般不用过去完成时一般不用过去完成时,而是用一般过去时而是用一般过去时.he said (tha

14、t)he bought the house in 1989.与过去相关的时态与过去相关的时态 （一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时时、过去将来时） e.g. he said that he had been to shanghai. i thought that he was watching tv . she insisted that she was right. mary told me that she would go to beijing the next day否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think, cons

15、ider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。 i dont think this dress fits you well. (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为不仅可以作为形式主语，还

16、可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放从句则放在句尾在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 we heard it that she would get married next month.引导词引导词陈述句陈述句that一般疑问句一般疑问句if/ whether特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词语序语序- 陈述句语序陈述句语序时态时态主句主句过去时过去时从句从句过去类时态过去类时态主句主句现在时现在时从句从句任何时态任何时态回顾与总结回顾与总结ci dont know when he _ (come) . i cant wait

17、here any more . when he _ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?will comecomesexercise i ：单项选择1. we havent decided _ we will go there for a picnic tomorrow. a. where b. why c. when d. whether2. do you know _? a. what time will the plane take off b. what time would the plane take off c. what

18、time the plane will take off d. the plane will take off at what time3. the manager came up to see _. a. what was the matter b. what the matter was c. what the matter is d. whats the matter4. can you tell me when _ back? a. will he be b. does he come c. he will be d. did he come5. wu dong said he _ t

19、wice. a. has been to shanghai b. has gone to shanghai c. had been to shanghai d. had gone to shanghai dc acc6.d0 you understand_? a.what she said b.what to say c.what did she said d.how she had said7.the teacher said that_. a.the sun moves around the earth b.the earth moved around the sun c.the moon

20、 is our satellite d.the moon was our satellite8.i dont know when he _back,please tell him the news when he _back. ( ) a.come; will come b.comes;comes c.will come; comes d.will come; will come acc9.i dont know if his uncle _.i think he _if he is free.a.will come; comes b.will come, will comec.comes c

21、omes d.comes ;will come10.no one knows_. a.which gate we have to go b.which gate we must go c.which gate do we have to go to d.which gate we have to go tobdsubject clauses 主语从句主语从句主语从句：主语从句：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语充当主语的从句 引导主语从句的三类三类连接词：1.连词连词：that, whether2.连接代词连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, wh

22、atever, whichever等3.连接副词连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等it + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句it is necessary that 有必要有必要it is important that . 重要的是重要的是it is obvious that 很明显很明显it + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句it is believed/said/ reported that 人人们们相信相信 /据说据说/据报道据报道/it is known to us/all that .

23、众所周知众所周知it has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种从句有以下四种不同的搭配：不同的搭配：important/ necessary/ strange/ natural that 主主+ (should) do it + be + 名词名词 that从句从句it is common knowledge that 是常识是常识it is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是it is a fact that 事实事实是是it is a pity/ shame that 真遗憾真遗憾 / 惭愧惭愧

24、it + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句it appears that 似似乎乎it seems that 似乎似乎it happens that . 碰巧碰巧it occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 what引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分充当句子成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,而而that则不然则不然,它在句子中只起连接它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：作用。例如：(1) what you said yesterday is right.(2) that she is still alive is a puzzle.what

25、 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句 由由 that 引导引导:1. that we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会) that 无意义无意义, 后接一个完整的句子后接一个完整的句子. that 不可省不可省that the earth is roundthat you missed the chance注注 意：意：1.what you left are only several old books.2.what you said i

26、s of great importance.3.whether hell come here is not clear. 1.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。引导。3.主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省。4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后）常与其后的表语的表语(名词名词)一一致致 2）根据句子的语）根据句子的语境而定。境而定。 主语从句需注意的问题主语从句需注意的问题2.主语从句中用陈述语序主语从句中用陈述语序1._ he made an important speech at

27、 the meeting was true. a. that b. why c. what d. how 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . a if b whether c that d where 3. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.a.whether b. that c. what d. when4.what i say and think _ none of your business. a. is b. are c. has d have1._

28、he made an important speech at the meeting was true. a. that b. why c. what d. how 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . a if b whether c that d where 3._ is known to us all is that america is a developed country_the first world.a.which; belong to b. as, belonged to c. what; belongin

29、g to d. it; belonging topredicative clauses 表语从句表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句, 放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以。可以接表语从句的系动词有接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外等。另外,常用的还有常用的还有the reason why is that 和和it is because 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般

30、放在连系动词之后在连系动词之后. 作用作用:对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不不 引导引导 表语从句表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because the question is whether we can rely on him. thats because we were in need of money at that time . he looked

31、 as if he was going to cry .thats why i was late .注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3. it is /was because . it is /was why. 3. the reason (why/for)is /was that.4 the reason is because /whythat .1. thats _ the party called on us to do. a. why b

32、. what c. how d. that 2. the reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. a. because b. why c. that d. whether3 .that is _ they separated. a. that b. what c. which d. where 4.jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. a. what b. which c. that d. when 1. can you make sure _ the gold rings?a. whe

33、re she had put b. where had she put c. where she has put d. where has she put2.the reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up. a. is b. is because c. is that d. is what3. _ breaks the law should be punished. a whoever b. no matter who c. anyone. d. who 4. that is _ i had to take the ris

34、k of being washed away. a. why b. reason why c. how d. what5. do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have. a. what ;however b. that ;whatever c. whatever ; whoever d. what; whatever6.the workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. a. whether b. how c. where d.

35、 which appositive clauses 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明进一步解释说明. n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) the idea that computers can recogniz

36、e human voices surprises many people .2).sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for lucie to make sure of her happiness.注注: 1. 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语引导同位语从句从句. i have no idea where he has gone.i have no idea when he did it.i have no idea wh

37、at he did.i have no idea when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be hold.who can finish the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain tomorrow.that our football team won the game. 名词名词demand, suggestion

38、, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 he gave me a suggestion that i ( should ) be calm now.i have heard the news that he visited our factory .i have heard the news that he told you the other day .同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1 同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用

39、，不作任何成分只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语当宾语和主语2同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定名词进行修饰，加以限定3同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省不能省 定语从句定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省在从句中作宾语时，可以省practice :判断下列各句是同位语判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句从句

40、还是定语从句 1.they expressed the hope that they would come to visit china again. 2. the hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit china again. 3.the fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. i cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. 同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同

41、位语从句同位语从句whether与与if的辨用的辨用 表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从连在一起引导宾语从句时不用句时不用if1.we expressed the hope that they had expressed2. we expressed the hope that they would come to china again.1.th

42、e information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.the information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.attributive or appositive atapapat1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities

43、. a what / because b what / that c that / what d that / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . a what / why b that / what c what / because d why / that bab3. he is absent from school . it is _ he is seriously ill. a. why b. because c. that d.

44、 the reason4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . a who b the one c anyone d whoever 5. information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . a that b how c where d what da6 i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week . - is that _

45、you had a few days off ? a why b when c what d where 7 are you still thinking about yesterdays game ?- oh ,thats _. a what makes me feel excited b whatever i feel excited about c how i feel about it d when i feel excited aa9 ._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differe

46、nces from one aspect . a what b that c this d which 10. when you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . a what b which c when d that 11. we made the suggestion that he _ his work . a continues b continue c continued d had con

47、tinued bab12.there will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.a. who b. whom c. whoever d. whomever13. mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .a.why b. what c. who d. that (05)14.the poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) a. whichever b. however c. whatever d.whenever14.many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. a.and he b. was that he c which he d that he 15._ ma