高三英语-阅读理解-第2节-推理判断题-2-观点态度题

1、二、观点态度题(2019北京，C)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps a

2、nd approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in

3、doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this years I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice tec

4、hnology able to produce such a convincing humansounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount

5、than precision.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name，and far more.Armed with this knowledge，theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means，for example，that a scammer could

6、call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers，tricking you into “confirming” your address，mothers name，and card number.Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone，a

7、nd much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That mig

8、ht mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images，showing when and who they were made by，or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards databased communicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp，which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to los

9、e，and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.38How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?APanicked. BConfused.CEmbarrassed. DDisappointed.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these solutions(解决方案) become widely availabl

10、e，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知这些措施太少，也太晚，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段。由此可推知，作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望，故D项正确。39Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can .Aaim at victims preciselyBdamage databases easily Cstart campaigns rapidlyDspread information widely答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第

11、二句“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.”可知，骚扰电话让人头疼的原因是它能准确地获取受害人的信息，故A项正确。40What does the passage imply?AHonesty is the best policy.BTechnologies can be doubleedged.CThere are more solutions than problems.DCredibility holds the key to development.答案B解析

12、推理判断题。根据第二段可知，新技术可以给人们带来便利，第三段论述了这一技术让不法分子有了可乘之机，由此可知，技术是把双刃剑，故B项正确。41Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AWhere the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted BWho Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls CWhy Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous DHow Robocalls Are Affecting the

13、 World of Technology答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，首段介绍了越来越多的人拒接未知号码的电话的现象，接下来着重阐述了这类电话给人们带来危害的原因，最后给出了解决方案，故C项最适合作本文标题。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文

14、中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1Whats the writers attitude towards.?2What is the authors opinion on.?3What does the author think/feel about.?二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统

15、、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；p

16、rejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。(3)表示中立、客观的态度objective 客观的；neutral 中立的； indifferent 漠然的例如：【真题感悟】中第38题。根据第一段中的“Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these solutions(解决方案) become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知这些措施太少，也太晚，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段。由此可推知，作者对骚扰电话问题的

17、解决方案感到很失望，故D项正确。A(2019吉林三模)For the last few months, I have given up what was previously one of my favorite foods：beef.Eating less red meat and be healthier, better for the environment andsurprisingly to mereally easy to do so.Sometimes it seems like much of our food is stuck in a cycle of excessive(

18、过度的) production and excessive 1consumption.Meat consumption today contributes to 4global warming and environmental degradation(退化)Its 2estimated that 14.5% of global manmade greenhouse gas emission(排放) come from livestock(家畜)which is more than the contribution from all forms of transport.Beef produc

19、tion 5makes up 41% of those emissions. Last year, Brazil reported a 28% increase in Amazonian deforestation(森林采伐)80% of deforested land in Brazil is then used for cattle farming.Modern beef farming is also a huge drain(流干) on water resources.But it is possible to change.Reducing meat consumption is

20、a growing trend,8driven by health and environmental considerations.A switch to a “healthy diet” as 6recommended by Harvard Medical Schoolwhich still includes eating meat，fish and eggswould reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production by 36%.The Norwegian military announced it is switching a

21、oneday to a oneweek vegetarian diet in a move against global warming, while even in the US consumption of redmeat is falling. And as for yours truly，I feel healthier，more active and by making my diet more varied I never feel like I am missing out on anything.Stopping eating beef has also had a knock

22、on effect on the rest of my diet，and I am eating less.Cattle and other livestock dont have to be environmentally harmful.Grassfed cattle need much smaller resource input.And as it has been shown, livestock, if managed properly, can even restore degraded land.In the longer term, as Bill Gates highlig

23、hted, there is also great potential for advance in fields like synthetic(合成) meat. And there are other more sources of efficient protein; like insects！9But in a world where more people are now dying from obesity than malnutrition(营养不良)when hundreds of millions of people still dont have enough to eat

24、, we cant solve this problem by simply continuing to make “conventional” intensive farming more intensive.语篇解读 本文主要讲了牛肉的消费对于环境和健康的不利之处，并呼吁人们减少红肉的消费。1Why has the author given up eating beef?AIt is better for his health and global warming.BIt can prevent him from being obesity.CIt is better for both h

25、ealth and environment.DHe likes vegetarian diet very much.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Eating less red meat and be healthier, better for the environment andsurprisingly to mereally easy to do so.”可知，少吃牛肉对于健康和环境都好。故选C。2What result does cattle farming lead to?AThe loss of deforestation.BThe great loss of water

26、 resources.CThe loss of manmade greenhouse.DThe loss of livestock.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Last year，Brazil reported a 28% increase in Amazonian deforestation(森林采伐)80% of deforested land in Brazil is then used for cattle farming.Modern beef farming is also a huge drain(流干) on water resources.”可知，养牛造成大量水

27、资源的流失。故选B。3Whats the authors attitude towards raising some livestock in an environmental way? ANegative. BDoubtful.CFavorable. DProtective.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后三句“Cattle and other livestock dont have to be environmentally harmful.Grassfed cattle need much smaller resource input.And as it has been sho

28、wn, livestock, if managed properly, can even restore degraded land.”可知，如果管理得当，畜牧养殖甚至可以恢复退化的土地，可见作者是持支持态度的。故选C。4In Bill Gates opinion, we can get efficient protein by .Araising more insectsBraising more cattleCdeveloping manmade meatDdeveloping intensive farming答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“In the longer term

29、, as Bill Gates highlighted, there is also great potential for advance in fields like synthetic(合成) meat.”可知，从长远来看，在合成肉等领域也有很大的发展潜力。故选C。B(2019广西南宁二模)A new study shows that when teachers participate in a training program focused on prosocial(亲社会的) classroom behavior，their students are better able to

30、control their emotions，and that children who can regulate emotions are more likely to be academically successful.10For the study，which appears in Prevention Science，researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade to see if teachers could support stude

31、nts emotional and behavioral growth through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management(IYTCM) program.The program uses videos and training sessions，along with roleplaying and coaching，to help teachers learn management skills such as using behaviorspecific praise，building positive relationship

32、s with students，and considering how to reduce poor behavior.Teachers in the training group increased 3interactions with students by 64 percent compared with 53 percent for teachers in the control group without the training.“Emotional regulation is the ability to recognize what behavior is 7appropria

33、te in the present situation，” says Wendy Reinke，professor in the College of Education at the University of Missouri.“For example，a student might have difficulty controlling the feeling of anger if he or she becomes annoyed with another student.But under this program，the teacher encourages them to mo

34、ve to a different spot in the classroom，effectively teaching them that sometimes stepping away and taking a break is a good way to calm down and manage that feeling.”After one school year of using the program in classrooms，students improved their social ability and ability to regulate their emotions

35、.These improvements resulted in an increase in the tests for students in Incredible Years classrooms vs.students in control classrooms.And this classroom management approach can help reduce the risk of struggling learners early on，which could help prevent more accumulative support that needs in a ch

36、ilds future.语篇解读本文是一篇科普文，介绍了一个新的教师培训项目。参与了该项目的老师在教学过程中能更有效地帮助孩子们控制他们的情绪。5What do the teachers do in the IYTCM program?ALearn how to identify poor behavior.BOffer the researchers advice on emotional control.CTake care of kids from kindergarten to third grade.DApply different ways to learning how to m

37、anage kids.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The program uses videos and training sessions，along with roleplaying and coaching，to help teachers learn management skills.”可知答案为D。6What do Wendy Reinkes words suggest in Para.4?ANow it is hard for students to control their anger.BA calm manner is an effective way to h

38、andle problems.CFew can realize their behavior is unfit for a situation.DThe program will show how to handle troublesome kids.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“the teacher encourages them to move to a different spot in the classroom，effectively teaching them that sometimes stepping away and taking a break is a

39、 good way to calm down and manage that feeling.”可以推出答案为B。7What is the authors attitude towards the training program?APositive. BNegative.CSubjective. DIndifferent.答案A解析推理判断题。根据全文及第一段中的“.their students are better able to control their emotions，and that children who can regulate emotions are more like

40、ly to be academically successful.”可推知答案为A。8What can we learn from the last paragraph?AStudy results of the program are entirely unexpected.BThe program advances the students academic performance.CStudents in control classrooms can better control their emotions.DStudents change their bad behavior sho

41、rtly through the program.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“These improvements resulted in an increase in the tests for students in Incredible Years classroom vs.students in control classrooms.”可推出答案为B。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs an

42、d desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.(2018全国)n消耗2Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 years on average.v.估算3Even if you have hundreds of reasons to contact your friends via QQ or WeChat，one reason is enough to make you turn off your smartphones or

43、tablets to have a facetoface interaction.n.相互交流(二)同义词语替换4A lack of a global law means scientists can clone humans in countries where the ban does not exist.worldwide5Computers make up 5% of the countrys commercial electricity consumption.account for6The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends th

44、at adults and children should eat a variety of fruit and vegetables to help them achieve and maintain a healthy weight.suggests/advises7The appropriate attitude volunteers should possess is to behave per(三)一词多义8drive v驾驶；驱使；迫使；击，敲(1)Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never

45、stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.驱使(2)With one blow，he drove the nail into the wall.击，敲(3)He drove along for several miles before he spotted anyone.驾驶.长难句理解9But in a world where more people are now dying from obesity than malnutrition(营养不良)when hundreds of millions of people stil

46、l dont have enough to eat，we cant solve this problem by simply continuing to make “conventional” intensive farming more intensive.句式分析本句主句为 we cant solve this problem，in a world 是地点状语，后面where 引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词world；when 引导的是时间状语从句，表示dying from obesity than malnutrition发生的时间。 by simply continuing.作方式状语。

47、精美译文 但是在这个世界，死于肥胖的人数比死于营养不良的人数还多，与此同时，数亿人还没有足够的食物吃，现在我们不能仅仅通过继续使“传统”的集约化农业更加集约化来解决这个问题。10For the study，which appears in Prevention Science，researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade to see if teachers could support students emotional and behavior

48、al growth through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management(IYTCM) program.句式分析本句是一个主从复合句。researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade为主句。which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 study。 to see作的是目的状语； 后面的if 引导的是宾语从句。through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroo

49、m Management (IYTCM) program是介词短语作状语。精美译文为了这项出现在预防科学上的研究，研究人员观察了100多名教师和1 817名从幼儿园到三年级的学生，看教师能否通过“难以置信年教师课堂管理”(IYTCM)项目来支持学生的情感和行为发展。强化练(十四).阅读理解A2019江西名校(临川一中、南昌二中)联考As the international demand for narrative(叙事的) film/TV content continues to increase with popular streaming services like Netflix and

50、 others，the two questions then come：will the coming generations receive most of their entertainment through visual means rather than through the written word and will such an increase of narrative film/TV reduce the importance of reading?Growing examples of this trend include the diminishment(减少) of

51、 fiction in the common core(核心的) curriculum，the everrising culture of computer games，the wave of streaming services of wide international reach，and movies filled with special effects made for children and teenagers.Nor must we ignore the economic dangers that lie ahead for the written word.The narra

52、tive film industry is a moneymaker that dwarfs(使相形见绌) the publishing industry.The other underlying question，of course，is “does it really matter if the written word bows to the world of narrative film/TV？” From my point of view，any diminishment of fiction delivered by words is a loss for mankind.Ther

53、e is no greater human feature than the imagination.It lies at the very soul of the human species.It is the brains most powerful engine.It is the essential muscle of life and like all muscles it must be exercised and strengthened.Writing and reading are the principal tools that inspire，create and emp

54、ower our imagination.Anything that diminishes that power is the enemy of mankind.It should be known that I am not opposed to new media and technological advances.Instead，I have always felt it necessary to adapt to advancing technology.In fact，a number of my novels are in various stages of developmen

55、t for film，TV，and live stage productions.My hope is that the written word will only stand to be complemented(补充) by its visual counterparts(对应物)，not pushed to the edge of extinction.Of course，there are those who will present arguments for the superiority of the moving image over the written word.Eac

56、h has its place.My argument is for finding the right balance between it and the moving image.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了叙事电影行业的发展让文字变得相形见绌。作者认为文字是激发和增强我们想象力的重要工具，同时表达了对阅读的命运的担心。1In what way does narrative film/TV embarrass the written word?AEconomic benefits.BInternational reach.CCultural influence.DEducationa

57、l importance.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The narrative film industry is a moneymaker that dwarfs(使相形见绌) the publishing industry.”可知，叙事电影行业是一个令出版行业相形见绌的赚钱行业，由此可知，叙事电影行业在经济利益方面使文字变得尴尬。故选A。2Why does the author value the role of the written word?AIt strengthens our muscles.BIt helps sharpen our imagination.CIt distinguishes man from each other.DIt paves the way for narrative film/TV.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Writing and reading are the principal tools that inspire，create and empower our imagination.”可知，写作和阅读是激发、创造和增强我们想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重视文字的作用是因为它能提高我们的想象力。故选B。3What is the authors attitude towards tech