2021届高考英语二轮创新复习专题四第三节基础保分二代词和介词学案含解析

1、基础保分二代词和介词授课提示：对应学生用书第44页(一)代词代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空侧重对替代词及it的用法的考查；短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。语法填空中的代词考点高考这样考1(2019高考北京卷)nervously facing challenges，i know i will whisper to _(i)the two simple words “be yourself”2(2018高考全国卷)when the gorillas and i frightened each othe

2、r，i was just glad to find _(they)alive.3(2017高考全国卷)however，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using _ every day.4(2017高考浙江卷11月)another nice thing is that you learn both new words and _(they)use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend

3、to use the words learned/learnt this way in conversations almost automatically. 题目这么解1如何确定填代词：当句中缺少主语或宾语且无提示词时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、替代词、不定代词以及it(如t3)。2填什么代词：(1)根据所指对象确定代词；(2)根据所作成分考虑代词的格(如t1，t2，t4)；(3)牢记固定搭配；(4)熟记it的用法。自我诊断：1.myself2.them3.it4.their类题对点练1perhaps this realization had never shown itself_(i

4、t)before，because i had never been brave enough to uncover it.2hong kong students can apply to mainland universities via college entrance exams specially designed for them(they)by the ministry of education.3it is found that nearly 10，000 lives can be saved every year only by wearing a seat belt.4to h

5、er joy，ella first earned the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.短文改错中的代词考点高考这样考1(2020高考全国卷)best of luck with yours learning kung fu in china._2(2019高考全国卷)in the cafe，customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them._3(2018高考全国卷)i had done myse

6、lf homework，but i was shy._题目这么解1代词前后要一致(1)看到代词，思考它与指代内容是否一致(如t2)；(2)看到代词，思考它的数、格是否正确(如t1)；(3)看到不定代词，思考它的含义、特点、作用及与其相近不定代词的区别；(4)易受汉语影响，各类代词的多余与缺失；(5)判断该用否定还是肯定意义，还应注意是否是部分否定现象。2分辨句子成分：修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词；单独使用常用名词性物主代词；宾语用代词的宾格；注意反身代词(如t2，t3)。自我诊断：1.yoursyou/your2.yourselvesthemselves3.myselfmy/the类题对点练1

7、i would appreciate if you could write me back and give me some advice.答案：i would appreciate if you could write me back and give me some advice.2this brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of humans space exploration.答案：this brief visit helped learn much about the history of humans sp

8、ace exploration.3as is known to us that knowledge starts with practice.答案： is known to us that knowledge starts with practice.代词考点的核心知识提炼一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1人称代词第三人称主格与宾格常指代前文出现的人或物。2形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，表所属关系；而名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。3反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。二、替代词that，those，one，ones1that可

9、以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，其复数形式为those。the price of rice is higher than that of flour.(that指带price)2one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。三、不定代词的用法1both表示“两者都”；either表示 “两者中任何一个”；neither表示 “两者都不”。它们都可作主语、宾语和定语。2all和none都强调三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。3another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”；o

10、ther意为“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。there are two pens here.one is his，and the other is toms.some like staying at home at the weekend；others like going to the cinema.四、it的用法1it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动词ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。2表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like，love，hate，dislike，appreciate等。3it常用于一些固定

11、搭配中，如it is no wonder that“难怪”；make it“成功；赶上”；when it comes to.“当提到”等。(二)介词高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。语法填空中的介词考点高考这样考1(2020高考全国卷)the artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist _ earth，mothe

12、r nature.2(2019高考全国卷)modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s.3(2017高考全国卷)after school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _engineering or architecture.4(2016高考全国卷)but my connection with pandas g

13、oes back _ my days on a tv show in the mid1980s.题目这么解1如何确定填介词：如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词；2填什么介词：(1)根据介词与名词的搭配(如t1，t2，t3)；根据介词与动词的固定搭配(如t4)；根据介词与形容词的搭配；根据介词的常规用法。(2)工具不同，介词各异：in材料；with具体的工具；by交通工具。自我诊断：1.on2.for/of3.in4.to 类题对点练1the hill looks quite beautiful against the blue sky.2i must read

14、 through the magazine tonight so that i can return it to the library tomorrow morning.3the whole problem was quite beyond him，so he decided to turn to someone else.4unfortunately，he missed the train by five minutes.短文改错中的介词考点高考这样考1(2020高考全国卷)then i can spare some time to learn it again，so that we ca

15、n practice together on every day._2(2019高考全国卷)when i studied chemistry high school，i reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor._3(2018高考全国卷)they also had a small pond which they raised fish._4(2018高考全国卷)they would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.still i was unwilling to p

16、lay the games for them sometimes._题目这么解1看到介词，思考与名词(如t2，t3)、动词(如t4)、形容词搭配是否正确；副词前一般不加介词(如t1)；2留意特殊词，如attitude后加to；leave.for.；from.to.；answer/key/solution/approach后加介词to等。自我诊断：1.去掉on2.high前加at/in3which前加in4.for with类题对点练1(2018高考全国卷)at the end of our trip，i told my father that i planned to return for e

17、very two years，and he agreed.答案：at the end of our trip，i told my father that i planned to return every two years，and he agreed.2a famous opera will be performed at the sichuan opera house at 2 pm.in may day.答案：a famous opera will be performed at the sichuan opera house at 2 pm. may day.3for doing ph

18、ysical exercise，im becoming stronger and more confident than before.答案： doing physical exercise，im becoming stronger and more confident than before.介词考点的核心知识提炼一、表时间的介词1in表示在某段较长的时间内或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；2on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；3at表示某个时间点、时刻等；4by指“到时(为止)”；5until/till指“直到为止”；6during指“在期间”。二、其他常考介词1with(表示

19、状态)具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着；(表示原因)由于，因为；(表示关系)和一起；构成with复合结构the small child trembled with fear.would you like to go to the theater with us?2against(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以为背景；(表示方位)倚靠着im against what he said.3of 表示“的”；“be ofn.”相当于形容词4for “for时间段”表示“长达”5beyond超出，超越6without没有三、介词的搭配1名词与介词搭配by accident/chance 偶然/碰巧on av

20、erage平均in charge掌管，主管in particular特别，尤其，详细地in favo(u)r of赞成，支持in vain徒劳in memory of为纪念in spite of 尽管，虽然in return作为回报in order按顺序，处于良好状态in hono(u)r of为了纪念，对表示敬意2动词与介词搭配remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事care about关心rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物get rid of免除，摆脱run out of用完adapt to适应refer to涉及，查阅wait for等待pick up捡起，用车接(某人)，接

21、收，偶然习得3形容词与介词搭配be curious about对好奇be anxious about 为忧虑be absent from缺席be present at出席be proud of因而自豪be free from免于be popular with受到的欢迎授课提示：对应学生用书第47页.单句语法填空1on/upon seeing his mother，the little boy flew to her and hugged her.2in the 1980s，he was on the times newspaper.3to his sorrow，he didnt pass th

22、e english exam.4yang luoshuo，a 92yearold man from weifang city，shandong province，is among those who have had a great love of the arts.5a metaanalysis of hundreds of studies concluded that the device was “possibly or probably effective” as_a treatment for depression.6we have various summer camps for

23、your holiday，so you can choose one based on your own interests.7in some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.8it is said that when greek hero odysseus eventually returned home after 20 years away at war，only his dog argos recognized him，who was overjoyed to see its(i

24、t)owner again after so many years.9she encourages others to make their own choices，and to respect hers(she)，too.10churchill suffered a severe hurt.but he amused himself(he)，writing that he couldnt understand why he was not broken like an eggshell.单句改错1he hopes to create an environment for his studen

25、ts that it is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.答案：he hopes to create an environment for his students that is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.2once you have found such true friends，do treasure him.答案：once you have found such true friends，do treasure .3located in

26、 jiaxing，zhejiang province，wuzhen has a history of about 6，000 years.like many small towns in the southern area，which has a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.答案：located in jiaxing，zhejiang province，wuzhen has a history of about 6，000 years.like many small towns in the southern area， has

27、a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.4some students may get access for some unhealthy websites，which does harm to their development.答案：some students may get access some unhealthy websites，which does harm to their development.5more interestingly，i tried operating on some aircraft by myself

28、.during the visit，i took lots of pictures as well.答案：more interestingly，i tried operating some aircraft by myself.during the visit，i took lots of pictures as well.语法填空(2020太原一模)today，many people are worried about endangered species.but isnt it just normal for some animals to die out?the situation to

29、day is different from 1._ of the past.in the past，animals died out over a long period of time.when animals died out in the past，it was usually because of the weather or other 2._(nature)causes.what is happening today is 3._(total)different.we are killing millions of species in a short time.the resul

30、t is that we are killing our future，because so many species 4._(kill)in such a short time that even 5._fittest cant survive.in fact，there wont be enough species to choose from.without enough animals and plants，evolution cannot function and nature will get 6._(bad)instead of getting better.many of th

31、e species 7._(disappear)on earth are unknown and few people even know that they are dying out.these animals and plants started to live on earth long 8._ us and we have no right to kill them.we may also need these species in the future.we must try to keep the endangered species alive.if we allow thes

32、e species 9._(die)out，we are in fact becoming endangered 10._(our)语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。如今，很多物种在很短的时间内就被杀害，这与过去的情形完全不同。很多物种对自然和人类都至关重要，我们不能任由它们灭绝。1解析：考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处作介词from的宾语，该句表示“如今的情形和过去的不同”，空处指代该句中的the situation，故用that。答案：that2解析：考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词causes，故用所给词的形容词形式。该句意为：在过去，动物灭绝通常是因为天气或其他自然原因。答案：nat

33、ural3解析：考查词性转换。副词修饰形容词，空处修饰形容词different，故用所给词的副词形式。答案：totally4解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该从句的主语是so many species，谓语动词应用复数形式，和动词kill是动宾关系，应用被动语态，又结合语境可知，此处叙述的为客观存在的情况或此刻正在进行的动作，表示“如此多的物种(正在)被杀死”。故用一般现在时的被动语态或现在进行时的被动语态，故填are(being)killed。答案：are(being)killed5解析：考查冠词。形容词的最高级形式前面用定冠词the。根据空后的形容词的最高级形式fittest可知，该

34、处应用定冠词the。该句意为：结果是我们正在扼杀我们的未来，因为如此多的物种在如此短的时间内(正在)被杀死，即使是最健康的物种也无法生存。答案：the6解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级形式better并结合语境可知，此处表示没有足够的动物和植物，进化就无法进行，大自然会变得更糟而不是更好。故填worse，表示“更糟”。答案：worse7解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词species，又该名词和动词disappear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词形式。答案：disappearing8解析：考查介词。根据该句中的“we have

35、 no right to kill them”和语境可知，这些动植物要比人类早很久就开始在地球上生活。故填before“在以前”。答案：before9解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb./sth.to do sth.为固定用法，表示“允许某人/某物做某事”。答案：to die10解析：考查反身代词。根据该句主语we并结合语境可知，此处表示如果我们任由这些物种灭绝，我们自己实际上也正濒临灭绝。故用反身代词ourselves。答案：ourselves.短文改错(2020武汉学习质量检测)wang kai lived next to granny liu，which depended on the ambulance t