新标准大学英语综合教程-unit

1、Unit6Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Who was Winston Churchill?(a) Head of the British Army.(b) President of the US.(c) British Prime Minister.2 Which of these events is Churchill most famously associated with?(a) World War I.(b) World War II.(c) The E

2、nglish Civil War.3 Which of the lines did Churchill say in a speech?(a) I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.(a quote from Winston Churchill in 1940 on becoming Prime Minister)(b) Ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country.(a quote from John Ken

3、nedy on inauguration as US President, 1961)(c) In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.(a quote from Martin Luther King Jr.)2 Read the first paragraph of the passage and predict what the passage is likely to be about.The passage is .(a) an extract fr

4、om a biography of Churchill(b) a pen portrait of Churchill(c) a comparison of important historical peopleWinston ChurchillReading and understanding3 Number the events in the order they happened.5 The allied forces declared victory in World War II.3 Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty

5、.4 Churchill became Prime Minister.1 Churchill fought in the Boer War.6 Churchill lost the general election.2 Churchill elected to the British Parliament.4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 In the summer of 1940, Britain (a).(a) was likely to be attacked by another country(b) was surro

6、unded by enemies(c) was intending to attack another country(d) had been attacked by another country2 Churchill suggested that Britain (b).(a) would win a terrible victory(b) needed to fight a difficult war(c) must prevent a terrible crime(d) was a democratic country3 Winstons father thought he was (

7、c).(a) an intelligent and handsome boy who would be rich(b) a strong and brave boy who would fight for his country(c) a weak, miserable boy, unlikely to be successful(d) a hard-working boy who would follow in the family tradition4 The writer suggests that as an MP Churchill (d).(a) promoted the inte

8、rests of trade unionists(b) was not interested in law and order(c) disliked the attitude of the suffragettes(d) used the army to suppress people who wanted to change society5 The writer suggests that Churchills early ambition was (a).(a) to be an important military man(b) to play with soldiers(c) to

9、 win a war(d) to live in a palace6 Winston fought as an ordinary soldier because (c).(a) he was married to a younger woman(b) he became depressed(c) he felt guilty about a battle that went wrong(d) he wanted to write about the war7 In 1940 Churchill (b).(a) agreed with Neville Chamberlain(b) inspire

10、d people to believe they could win the war(c) declared that the King wanted him to be Prime Minister(d) won a victory at Agincourt8 At the end of the passage, the writer suggests that Britain (d).(a) no longer needed democracy(b) had forgotten all about Churchill(c) summed up the character of Church

11、ill(d) had survived the war thanks to Churchill5 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Churchill came from a famous family and was a soldier and politician. When Churchill became PrimeMinister in 1940, Britain was at war. Churchill made speeches that inspired the nation, and led the country tovic

12、tory. Although he was considered a great military leader, Churchill lost the general election after the war.Dealing with unfamiliar words6 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 willing to accept someone elses beliefs or way of life without criticizing them (tolerant)2 a system of gover

13、nment in which people vote in elections to choose the people who will govern them(democracy)3 willing to support, work for or be a friend to someone, even in difficult times (loyal)4 being famous and admired for a special skill or achievement (renowned)5 the things that you will do or the type of pe

14、rson that you will become in the future (destiny)6 a peaceful and private place where you can go in order to rest (retreat)7 to frighten or hurt someone who is smaller and weaker than you (bully)7 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 6.Churchill believed that he was

15、(1) destined to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War Iand led the country to victory in World War II. It seems ironic that a leader of such (2) renown as Churchillcould not count on the (3) loyalty of voters in 1945. However, in a (4) democratic country, electors cannotbe (5) bullie

16、d, and he had to (6) tolerate political defeat after military victory, and went once more to hiscountry (7) retreat, Chartwell.8 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 His achievements were so great that they can never be bettered. (surpassed)2 T

17、he situation can only get worse; it will never improve. (degenerate)3 Although he was a rich man, his clothes were of poor quality and in bad condition. (shabby)4 He exchanged his position as a general for that of an ordinary soldier. (swapped)5 At the beginning of World War II the King turned to Ch

18、urchill to lead the country. (onset)6 Churchill drank a lot of alcohol. (liquor)7 Churchill wanted to do something to show he was sorry for his mistake at the battle of Gallipoli. (makeamends)9 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If a government is a monstrous tyranny, is it (a) t

19、errible and oppressive, or (b) democratic and tolerant?2 If something is lamentable, is it (a) surprising, or (b) disappointing?3 If you pack someone off, do you (a) protect them, or (b) send them away?4 If someone talks with a stammer, do they talk (a) in a confident way, or (b) with difficulty?5 D

20、oes double up as mean (a) to do two jobs at the same time, or (b) to do a job more than once?6 Is a dispatch (a) a report that you send, or (b) something you experience?7 Is sanity (a) a mental illness, or (b) the ability to think and speak reasonably?8 If you suffer a bout of flu, does the flu last

21、 (a) a short time, or (b) a long time?9 Does unswervingly describe someone whose feelings (a) often change, especially if circumstanceschange, or (b) are constant, even if circumstances are difficult?10 If you brandish something, do you (a) hide it in a pocket, or (b) wave it in the air?11 Does infu

22、riating describe someone who (a) makes you angry, or (b) is very easy to get on with?12 Is eccentricity (a) strange and unusual behaviour, or (b) normal behaviour?Reading and interpreting10 Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.1 In the summer of 1940, Britain stood alone o

23、n the brink of invasion. At that crucial time, one man,Winston Churchill, defined what it meant to be British.In what way do you think Churchill personified Britain?The leader of a country represents it. Churchills determination to win and strength of charactersummed up the nations feelings.2 You as

24、k what is our policy? You ask what is our aim?Who asks these questions? Who answers them? What effect does this have?The people who ask these questions are the members of Parliament he was addressing, and beyondthem the British people wondering what their new government would do. By answering them C

25、hurchillshows his leadership. The questions also give the speech form and rhythm.3 with all our might and with all our strength Might and strength have similar meanings, why are both words used?The use of these two words which are similar in meaning creates emphasis (as do the two alls), andso expre

26、sses determination as well as a warning that it will be a total struggle. There is also perhaps areassurance that the country has considerable resources.4 People talk of 1066, of the Armada, of Trafalgar. But 1940 was the most important year in Britishhistory. It was the year of Dunkirk, the Battle

27、of Britain, the Blitz.The first set of battles covered more than 700 years of British history. The second set all happened in1940. What is the effect of putting these lists together?It shows how much was packed into that one year of total crisis. It was equal to all that went before.5 If Britainits

28、eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartednesshad to be summed up in oneperson, it was him.Does a nation have a character? What is the writer saying about Britain and about Churchill?The writer thinks a country has certain values its people believe in and therefore try to show. Thesear

29、e the qualities he thinks are treasured by the British, ones which Churchill had in full. It is possiblethat patriotism gives each country a rather exaggerated sense of its own virtues, but it is also true thatdifferent cultures do emphasize different aspects of lifeActive reading (2)2 Work in pairs

30、. Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What is a historical fact?(a) Anything that happened in the past.(b) Something significant that happened in the past.Comment: (a) is true in a sense, but most facts like that are of no interest or can be easily forgotten. Toreally become part of history th

31、e fact must be worth recalling.2 What does a historian do?(a) Establish accurately what happened in the past.(b) Decide which facts are important and interpret their significance.Comment: Historians need true facts, which are not much use until they are interpreted and used. So (a)has some truth, bu

32、t (b) far more.The historian and his factsReading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What is the relationship between archaeology and history?Archaeology is an auxiliary science of history, for example, it supplies facts which can then beinterpreted by historians, eg pottery is dug up and dat

33、ed so we know a certain group lived there at acertain time. This may or may not affect our view of the past.2 Why does the writer say it is not true that “facts speak for themselves”?There are an infinite number of facts about the past. They only matter if we pay attention to them andsee them as sig

34、nificant.3 How and why are historians selective?Historians present us with facts which they think give us an understanding about the past, and chooseones which support their ideas.4 What is the difference between a fact about the past and a fact of history?A fact about the past is anything which eve

35、r happened; a fact of history is a fact which historians debatethe meaning of and regard as significant for understanding the tale of humanity.4 Check () the true statements.1 Historians only need to record facts accurately.2 Historians need to know how to determine the origins of historical facts.

36、3 Historians select the facts they need to support their interpretation. 4 Historians decided that Caesars crossing of the Rubicon was a significant historical event. 5 People continue to believe in the existence of facts without a historians interpretation, even thoughsuch a belief is ridiculous.6

37、The event at Stalybridge Wakes in 1850 is a well-established historical fact.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 a written or spoken comment about something that you have seen, heard or felt (observation)2 wood used for building houses or making furnitu

38、re (timber)3 secondary, not principal or main (auxiliary)4 a small piece of a larger object that has broken, often into a lot of pieces (fragment)5 very detailed and complicated (elaborate)6 the process of choosing one person or thing from a group (selection)7 not important and not worth worrying ab

39、out (petty)8 a serious disagreement (dispute)9 to make a formal suggestion (propose)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 His proposal proved popular and the meeting accepted it unanimously.2 Its the elaboration / elaborateness of the decoration that makes the b

40、uilding special.3 The evidence was very fragmentary and it was difficult to get a complete picture.4 The historian selects the important facts and arranges them to fit his theory.5 Restoration is an auxiliary science which helps art historians find out the age of a painting and the artist.6 The pett

41、iness of his arguments meant that they werent important or worth taking seriously.7 These ancient timbered buildings were constructed of wood from the nearby forest.8 They disputed the truth of the theories for a long time.9 They observed that there was more than one interpretation of the facts.7 An

42、swer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does decipher mean to (a) read a text easily, or (b) work out the meaning of a secret or obscure text?2 Is an inscription (a) something written or carved on something to record an important event, or (b)something recorded or spoken?3 Is a motto (a

43、) a short statement of what someone believes, or (b) an extended argument?4 Is orientation likely to mean (a) a way of doing something, or (b) an attitude or belief?5 Is a fallacy likely to be (a) a mistaken belief, or (b) something thats obviously true?6 If you eradicate something, do you (a) estab

44、lish it, or (b) remove it completely?7 Is a seconder someone who (a) comes second in a race, or (b) supports a proposition at a meeting?8 If someone or something relapses, does it (a) return to its previous state, or (b) disappear?9 If someone does something gallantly, do they do it (a) daringly and

45、 successfully, or (b) bravely, butunsuccessfully?Language in usethanks to 1 Rewrite the sentences using thanks to 1 Because of Churchills leadership and example, we showed courage and determination.Thanks to Churchills leadership and example, we showed courage and determination.2 Because of their lo

46、yalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.Thanks to their loyalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.3 At school he was bullied because of his lisp, stammer and ill-health.At school he was bullied thanks to his lisp, stammer and ill-health

47、.4 Because of his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England as a hero.Thanks to his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England as a hero.5 Because of school holidays playing in Blenheim Palace, he had always wanted to be a general.Thanks to school holidays playing in Blenheim Pa

48、lace, he had always wanted to be a general.6 He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty because of the disaster at Gallipoli.He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty thanks to the disaster at Gallipoli.7 Because of his wife Clementine, he managed to control his depression.Thanks to his wif

49、e Clementine, he managed to control his depression.8 Because of his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government.Thanks to his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government.unpacking complex sentences2 Look at the sentences from the passage Th

50、e historian and his facts and answer the questions.1 To praise a historian for his accuracy is like praising an architect for using well-seasoned timber orproperly mixed concrete in his building.(a) What is the main verb?The main verb is is.(b) What is like praising an architect?To praise a historia

51、n.(c) What kind of historian and architect are compared?Good, efficient historians and architects are compared.2 It is precisely for matters of this kind that the historian is entitled to rely on what have been called the“auxiliary sciences” of history archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology

52、, and so forth.(a) What is the main verb?The main verb is is (the first one).(b) What are examples of the auxiliary sciences of history?archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology.(c) Why is the historian entitled to rely on them?Because they are scientific fields with reliable results.3 In spit

53、e of C. P. Scotts motto, every journalist knows today that the most effective way to influenceopinion is by the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts.(a) What is the main verb?The main verb is knows.(b) What do journalists want to know?The most effective way to influence opinion.(c) How do they do this?By the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts.(d) Does C. P. Scotts motto support this way of doing things?No, C. P. Scott, a famous newspaper editor, said “Comment is free, but facts are sacred.” The mottodoesnt support this way of doing thin