无线收发模块

1、岿泳伏醴钥巯惘捌眉埯残迁无线收发模块孜地亿顿酸鲛阱吧静羧檩敞 导言厥颚帻卑淤混误艾办踏令捉无线电的发射器件都工作于射频，因此对器件的要求也较高，一般业余条件下很难完成制作与调试工作，而目前对于无线电技术的应用越来越广泛，尤其对于一些业务无线电爱好者来说，要想拥有所有高频调试的设备几乎是不现实的，因为这些设备价格昂贵。针对这些实际情况，许多专业生产厂家专门生产了用于无线数据传输的无线收发模块，将对高频部分的安装与调试工作全部在专业生产场所内完成，用户只要为其提供电源和所要发送的编码数据，就可以在接收端的数据输出端得到发送端的原始数据，这样就可以将无线电技术的应用得到推广。从目前对无线电收发模块的

2、应用来看，主要可分为两大类：调频收发模块和调幅收发模块。 肜羲鞴析畎监醵坊砀嚷绫袍在无线广播、电视、通信、遥控、遥测等装置或系统中,除了采用振幅调制方式(AM)外,还广泛采用频率调制方式(FM)。下面对这两种调制方式的主要性能进行比较:胆酲前蟮毽腿衽守愿萝缓居1.抗干扰性能秽谵忙拐厍撑壶住鸳石龌车调频FM的主要优点是它的抗干扰性能强.所谓抗干扰好,主要是指在输入信号噪声比(简称信噪比S/N)相同的条件下,调频接收机输出端的信噪比大于调幅接收机输出端的信噪比。调频比调幅制的抗干扰能力强的原因可从两种制式的发射信号功率大小进行分析。调频波的边频分量的功率是从载波功率中分出来的。调制系数MFM越大,

3、其边频不仅数目多,且幅度增大,这意味着载波功率中转化为边频功率的比例大,而调幅波的边频功率最大仅等于载波功率的一半(当调制指数MAM1时)。因此,调频波比调幅波可以具有更大的边频功率,这意味着它更有能力去克服信道或机内的噪声和干扰。其次,可从接收信号的调解来进行对比并分析。由于调幅信号的信息包含在已调幅信号的振幅中(振幅变化与调制信号的振幅成正比),解调用的包络检波(也称振幅检波)器无法抑制寄生调幅干扰；而调频信号的信息则包含在高频振荡的瞬时频率变化上,因此,干扰引起的寄生调幅可通过限幅器(或用有限幅作用的比例鉴频器)去掉。因此,不管从发射信号的边频功率还是从接收信号的解调进行分析,调频制的抗

4、干扰性能均优于调幅制。螂摺维庹缤雌嘈锑裂妫迪棒2.占用的频带宽度蜇岩泔欧伶嗥逸映主俺殁瓮由于宽带调频系统占用的频带宽,调频只适宜在超短波以上频段（30Hz30GHz）使用.对于中、长波频段（中波：1000-100m，长波101 km）,则采用调幅或单边带调制方式。惰岛叵赃郗鄯商抗沙憋嘎爰3.发射机的功率夏儿颖缴渠暖蛉特柏件氏肿调频制发射机发射的调频载波的瞬时频率是随调制信号变化的调频波为等幅波,它的最大功率等于平均功率;而调幅制发射机发射的是调幅信号,当MAM=1时,最大发射功率等于平均功率(载波功率)的4倍.若调幅发射机与调频发射机的末级采用同一型号的功率管,均按最大功率估算,则调频发射机发

5、射出的功率是调幅发射机发射的平均功率的4倍。咫驮瞠拌庐肺伤塘嶙缍蕖睹4.对调幅发射机功率放大管的要求苛刻弟魇蛊窕倘详及撤改享兜煮调幅发射波是随调制信号的幅度而变化的,这就对放大管的反向耐压有较高的要求,宜采用击穿电压更高的管子,否则管子易被击穿.而调频发射机是工作在等幅状态下的,管子不易被击穿。缢鸹杌卑诰衅稆姑友躺屈屎5.生产成本比较篆旮砝宠宿觉胪咋炮墩檐炕生产调频系列器件其调试过程相当复杂,所以需要配备综参测试仪、屏蔽室等昂贵的生产调试设备，调试设备的稳定性直接决定产品的性能，还需要专业的技术工人。而生产调幅器件相对来说要方便许多,所以生产调频产品的门槛要远远高于生产调幅产品,因此两者的生产

6、成本相差一倍以上。通过以上对两者的性能及成本的介绍，网友必对两者的情况有所了解，目前被广泛运用的是调幅形式的收发组件，由于其性价比较高，同时生产也较为方便，因此对一些要求不是太高的场合来说，都采用了这种模式，因此本文中也重点对这种模块进行介绍。栌科饪表柳股菩波怩逍鳏兖无线发射模块髅诺錾懒溻喙郧拱贻逆围建DF数据发射模块的工作频率为315M，采用声表谐振器SAW稳频，频率稳定度极高，当环境温度在2585度之间变化时，频飘仅为3ppm/度。特别适合多发一收无线遥控及数据传输系统。声表谐振器的频率稳定度仅次于晶体，而一般的LC振荡器频率稳定度及一致性较差，即使采用高品质微调电容，温差变化及振动也很难

7、保证已调好的频点不会发生偏移。涕槐被缺朐悚召簟庳青砸埂 DF发射模块未设编码集成电路，而增加了一只数据调制三极管Q1,这种结构使得它可以方便地和其它固定编码电路、滚动码电路及单片机接口，而不必考虑编码电路的工作电压和输出幅度信号值的大小。比如用PT2262或者SM5262等编码集成电路配接时，直接将它们的数据输出端第17脚接至DF数据模块的输入端即可。讠膝蟑挲啷脘肉薜闷郝荟肱 DF数据模块具有较宽的工作电压范围312V，当电压变化时发射频率基本不变,和发射模块配套的接收模块无需任何调整就能稳定地接收。当发射电压为3V时，空旷地传输距离约2050米，发射功率较小，当电压5V时约100200米，当

8、电压9V时约300500米，当发射电压为12V时，为最佳工作电压，具有较好的发射效果。当电压大于l2V时功耗增大，有效发射功率不再明显提高。不同的电路参数，有不同的发射功率及发射距离，要想获得较好的发射效果，必须接上天线，天线最好选用25厘米长的导线，远距离传输时最好能够竖立起来，因为无线电信号传输时受很多因素的影响，所以一般实用距离只有标称距离的一半甚至更少，这点需要开发时注意。商马莆喘褚次则庥弼喇材磕 DF数据模块采用ASK方式调制，以降低功耗，当数据信号停止时发射电流降为零，数据信号与DF发射模块输入端可以用电阻或者直接连接而不能用电容耦合，否则DF发射模块将不能正常工作。数据电平应接近

9、DF数据模块的实际工作电压，以获得较高的调制效果。实邯永娈谕匿号宜痘钠饥姐 DF发射模块最好能垂直安装在主板的边缘，应离开周围器件5mm以上，以免受分布参数影响。DF模块的传输距离与调制信号頻率及幅度，发射电压及电池容量，发射天线，接收机的灵敏度，收发环境有关。一般在开阔区最大发射距离约800米，在有障碍的情况下，距离会缩短，由于无线电信号传输过程中的折射和反射会形成一些死区及不稳定区域，不同的收发环境会有不同的收发距离。这一点对于使用者来说必须注意，笔者在利用这类模块进行应用时，曾出现过这样的情况，这里把他介绍给大家，希望能给在这方面应用的网友启到一定的参考：我们在为一家棋牌房设计无线呼叫系

10、统时，选用的是1500米的发射模块（很多厂家都是这样标识的，实际运用时还是要根据具体的环境来试验。）这种模块我们在室外空旷处曾试验过，在500米处可以正常接收，然而运用在这里时，相隔5个房间后就无法接收，实际距离大约在30米左右，这个环境的情况为：楼层高度为2.6米，所有的发射器件均安装于封闭的包箱内。为了达到可靠的呼叫功能，我们增加了两级中继器进行信号放大后才实现功能，这里所说的中继器就是我们网站上介绍的大功率无线信号转发器。以上例子说明，这种无线收发器件直线传输性能较好，而绕射性能将大大降低。尻娴寿捂壅尺蛱等蛛挪讳椽无线接收模块冰秭祯咄并薮收叔泥晶艿鲫超再生检波接收器狮瓜钊迮席嘭联闻玑试鲔

11、刍超再生检波电路实际上是一个受间歇振荡控制的高频振荡器，这个高频振荡器采用电容三点式振荡器，振荡频率和发射器的发射频率相一致。而间歇振荡又是在高频振荡的振荡过程中产生的，反过来又控制着高频振荡器的振荡与间歇。而间歇振荡的频率是由电路的参数决定的（一般为百到几百千赫）。这个频率选低了，电路的抗干扰性能较好，但接收灵敏度较低，反之，频率选高，接收灵敏度较好，但抗干扰性能变差。超再生检波电路有很高的增益，在未收到控制信号时，由于受外界杂散信号的干扰和电路自身的热骚动，产生一种特有的噪声，叫超噪声，这个噪声的频率范围为0.35kHz之间，听起来像流水似的“沙沙”声。在无信号时，超噪声电平很高，经滤波放

12、大后输出噪声电压；当有控制信号到来时，电路谐振，超噪声被抑制，高频振荡器开始产生振荡，输出信号。高放电路相关元件组成超再生检波电路，检出的控制信号经两级运放进行放大处理后，从输出端输出接收到无线信号。赶撕续铮更訾踩选洲恋嗵顾2超外差接收检波接收器滞痕褙戎算徕常瘛幽士绋容超外差式接收电路的工作原理和一般的超外差式收音机的原理相同。它将接收到的信号加以放大，并和本机产生的等幅振荡信号相减，产生一个固定频率的中频信号，这个中频信号的幅度中包含有低频调制的控制信号，将这个中频信号加以两级或三级放大，然后进行检波，将中频信号中所包含的低频指令信息取出，就得到正确的遥控信号。由于中频放大器设有自动增益控制

13、回路，因此，它的增益可以设计得很高而工作十分稳压，这就使得超外差接收机不论对强信号还是弱信号，都能做到基本相同的放大倍数，也正是因为采用了中频放大器，它的信号放大倍数可以达到很大，也就使电路的接收灵敏度大大提高，一般可达到0.1mV左右，与超再生检波电路相比，超外差式接收模块，无论在接收灵敏度上，还是选择性上都有很大的提高，在抗干扰方面更加显著。竞贼杼甘美槿颟蟪瘢琨盲崖诧礅辽磴玮椐惯寄弛莞永方槌馔飘淡首掳寂彩檠霓猡补城亥蹭察拊卞戚贮嚎洇缎搠Wireless Transceiver Modules肠酏竖危婊脊歪嘧芈耻铸捌1. Introduction嘶壮尖睐颖笠鞫硖荔党停刻 Radio tran

14、smitter devices are working in the radio frequency, so the requirements of the device is higher, the general time it is very difficult to complete under the conditions of production and testing work, and at present the application of radio technology for more and more widely, especially for radio en

15、thusiasts to a number of business that, in order to have all the high-frequency testing equipment is almost unrealistic, because the equipment is very expensive. In response to these actual circumstances, with many professional manufacturer specializing in wireless data transmission for the wireless

16、 transceiver modules, will be high-frequency part of the work of installation and commissioning of all production sites in the professional completed, the user just to provide power and to be sent encoded data, the receiver can output data to be sent end of the original data, it can be the applicati

17、on of radio technology to promote. From the current radio transceiver module of the application point of view, can be divided into two categories: AM and FM transceiver module and transceiver modules。嶝鸥哟缺竟话诨丑谑波鞠笾 In the wireless radio, television, communications, remote control, telemetry and other

18、devices or systems, in addition to the use of amplitude modulation (AM), but also widely used in frequency modulation ( FM). The following two main properties of modulation compared：尕谭渫屦跸赎橛告谱笾旌恻1. Anti-interference capacity乾氢盗藻忭踺膝玮苊怂幕蠕The main advantage of FM is its strong anti-interference performa

19、nce. The so-called anti-interference, and mainly refers to the input signal-noise ratio (SNR referred to as S / N) under the same conditions, the FM receiver output signal to noise ratio large AM receiver in the output signal to noise ratio. FM than AM and strong anti-interference system can be two

20、reasons for the launch signal power system size for analysis. FM wave edge of the power frequency component is separated from the carrier out of power. MFM modulation coefficient the greater the number of its edges is not only more frequent, and the rate of increase, which means that power in the ca

21、rrier frequency into power while the proportion of large, and the AM frequency wave power while the largest carrier only power equivalent to half (when the modulation Index MAM = 1 pm). Therefore, Bobby AM and FM wave can have a greater frequency of side power, which means that it is better able to

22、overcome the built-in channel or the noise and interference. Secondly, can receive signals from the comparison between mediation and analysis. AM signal as a result of the information has been included in the amplitude of AM signal (amplitude modulation signal and the amplitude is proportional to),

23、solution of the envelope detector calls (also called amplitude demodulation) can not suppress parasitic AM interference; and information on the FM signal included in the high-frequency oscillations change the instantaneous frequency, the interference caused by the parasitic amplitude limiter (or wit

24、h a limited role in the proportion of increase frequency discriminator) removed. Therefore, regardless of the margin from the launch frequency signal from the received signal power or the analysis of the demodulator, the FM systems are better than the anti-jamming performance of the system AM.豹哺朐非谆搬

25、焚焖戏瓶韫走2. Occupied bandwidth沟妓炕逻就篡蜷勾鲥镬蛱岙FM systems as a result of broadband frequency occupied bandwidth, FM is only suitable for over FM band (30Hz-30GHz) use. For the medium and long-wave band (MW:1000-100m, long-wave 10-1 km), while the use of AM or SSB Modulation.榨戢桐忙涩擢迥逄铲醢啤蛑3. Transmitter power旌

26、朐廛浣蟾界嘛佚锐苦辨处FM transmitter system launched by the instantaneous FM carrier frequency changes with the modulation signal for the FM wave-wave, and its average power equal to the maximum power; and AM transmitter system is the AM signal to launch, when the MAM = 1 when the largest transmission power eq

27、ual to average power (carrier power) 4 times. If the AM transmitter and FM transmitter at the end of the introduction of the same type of power tubes, according to the maximum power is estimated that the FM transmitter emits power AM transmitter is fired 4 times the average power.柞诲鳖赎跛相诠吱邪凄环醮4. AM t

28、ransmitter power amplifier for the demanding pipe么炱拧缈椒珞僚纪枥诉亘紊 Launched wave amplitude is the amplitude modulation signal with the change, which the reverse of the zoom control a higher voltage, should adopt a higher breakdown voltage of the tube, or easily puncture the tube. And FM transmitter is th

29、e amplitude in the state, the tube can not easily be puncture.矬曲嫦喁绗桕颌旆狯腰粞棺5. Comparison of production costs裾铲锥妩昝碥墨尺撸疗滞驹 FM series production of its testing device is a complex process, so the need for testing is equipped with fully mechanized Senate, shielding room of the production of expensive tes

30、ting equipment, testing equipment directly determine the stability of performance, but also the needs of professional skilled workers. AM production devices are relatively easy to many, so the threshold for the production of FM products is much higher than the production of AM products, therefore th

31、e difference between the cost of production more than doubled. Above both the performance and cost, the users of the two cases must be understood that the current widely used form of the AM transceiver components, because of its higher cost and at the same time more convenient for production, so req

32、uest is not too high on some occasions, the use of this model, this paper also focused on the introduction of this module.颓鸥蝥蠛橡颟苍瘐娼绾链刈Wireless Transmitter Module匡雅蟀獠农鳗筠谁俚卑园酸 DF data transmitter frequency for 315M, the use of SAW resonator frequency stabilization, high frequency stability, when the e

33、nvironmental temperature between -25 +85 degree changes, the frequency drift of only 3ppm / c Particularly suitable for a collection of multiple wireless re mote control and data transmission system. SAW resonator frequency stability after the crystal, and general LC oscillator frequency stability a

34、nd consistency of poor, even with high-quality fine-tuning capacitance, temperature changes and vibration has been transferred it is difficult to ensure good frequency point migration will occur.楚娃辘铽滥芰钅甓瑙之谛娱 DF does not have code to launch module integrated circuits, and an increase of a data modula

35、tion transistor Q1, such a structure can be easily made it, and other fixed coding circuit, a rolling code and single-chip interface circuits, without having to consider the work of coding circuit voltage and output value of the size range of the signal. For example, using PT2262 or SM5262 matching

36、circuits, such as coding, the data directly to the output of their first 17 feet then to DF data input module.雨巫螃犄衄障及睬疖炀挂迳 DF data module has a wide operating voltage range 3 12V, when the voltage changes in firing frequency is essentially the same, and the transmitter module of the receiver module

37、supporting the need for any adjustment will be able to receive stable. When the firing voltage of 3V, the open transmission distance to about 20 50 meters, less transmission power, when the voltage of 5V is about 100 200 meters, when the voltage of 9V is about 300 500 meters, when fired when the vol

38、tage of 12V for optimum operating voltage, with the launch of better results. When the voltage and the power increase is greater than l2V, effective radiated power not markedly improved. Different circuit parameters, have different transmission power and transmitting distance, the launch in order to

39、 obtain better results, must be connected to an antenna, choose the best antenna wire 25 centimeters long, the best long-distance transmission can be erected, because the radio When signal transmission is affected by a number of factors, so the general practical distance from the nominal only half o

40、r even less, this point needs to be developed to observe.礤澹赦涕退忘昃胎硭迹擘桓 DF data module using ASK modulation mode to reduce power consumption, when the data signals to stop when the emission current zero, the data signal transmitter and DF input resistance can be used or can not be directly connected t

41、o capacitive coupling, or DF module will not be able to launch normal work. Data DF-level data should be close to the actual operating voltage modules in order to obtain the effect of higher modulation.钒类竿刈娑桴舛奇陪桦羚卒 DF preferably vertical launch modules mounted on the edge of the motherboard should b

42、e left around the device more than 5mm to the impact from the distribution of parameters. DF module transmission distance and signal frequency and amplitude modulation, firing voltage and battery capacity, transmitting antenna, receiver sensitivity, send and receive environment. Generally the larges

43、t launch in the open distance of about 800 meters, there are obstacles in the circumstances, the distance will be shortened, due to radio signal transmission in the process of refraction and reflection will form a number of death and instability in the region, different transceiver environment will

44、have different from the transceiver. This is the users must pay attention to, and the author of such modules in the use of application, there had been such a situation, where he was introduced to everyone, hope that they will be applied in this regard to a certain Kai User reference: We Card Room fo

45、r the design of a wireless call system, uses the 1500 meters of the launch module (many manufacturers are making the same logo, or when the actual use of specific test environment.) This module of our Department in an open have experimented with in the 500 meters to the normal reception, but the use

46、 of here, away from the room after 5 can not receive, the actual distance of about 30 meters or so, the environment as follows: floor height of 2.6 meters, all the launch devices are installed in a closed box package. In order to achieve reliable function call, we increased the levels for signal amp

47、lification repeater after the realization of functions and the repeater are talking about here is our web site to introduce high-power wireless signal repeater. The above examples illustrate, the wireless device to send and receive a straight line better transmission performance, and performance wil

48、l greatly reduce the diffraction.亢榴识锢瀵曳彷谢岳闸杭嚣Wireless Receiver Module忧陋睢薄余廿吴蓐滏矮鎏尧1 super renewable detector receiver怜幸敬昊根按莺坠嫩弋骏褒 Super Renewable detector circuit is actually a by intermittent oscillation control of high-frequency oscillator, the high-frequency oscillator using three-point capacitanc

49、e oscillator, oscillation frequency and the transmitter frequency of the firing line. And intermittent oscillation is the oscillation in the high-frequency oscillations generated by the process, which in turn controls the high-frequency oscillator and intermittent oscillations. And intermittent osci

50、llation frequency is determined by the parameters of the circuit (usually a hundred to a few hundred kHz). The low frequency of elections, and better anti-interference performance of the circuit, but the lower receiver sensitivity, on the contrary, the high frequency of elections, a better receiver

51、sensitivity, but the anti-interference performance variation. Renewable detection circuit has high gain, in the absence of control signals received, due to spurious signals from outside interference and disturbance of thermal circuit itself, produce a unique noise, called ultra-noise, the noise freq

52、uency range for between 0.3 5kHz, sounds like a water-like whisper sound. In the absence of signals, ultra-high-level noise, amplified by the filter output noise voltage; when a control signal arrives, the circuit resonant, super noise was suppressed, began to produce high-frequency oscillator oscil

53、lation, the output signal. High-level circuit components Renewable related detector circuit, the control signal detected by the zoom level to deal with operational amplifier from the output signal output to a wireless receiver.墚喙硒膜铐阁锾壳释土蒯蓟2 Super heterodyne receiver demodulation receiver棣呒趼厕凹衷髹仓拦胎庄桀

54、Super heterodyne receiver circuit and the general working principle of the super heterodyne radio the same principle. Received signal will be magnified, and to generate the local oscillation signal amplitude of the subtraction, resulting in a fixed frequency IF signal, the IF signal contains low-fre

55、quency amplitude modulation control signal to the IF signal to two or three-level amplification, detection and then to intermediate frequency signals contained in the low-frequency information taken out instructions on the correct remote control signal. As the IF amplifier with automatic gain contro

56、l loop, so it can design very high gain and regulator work, making both super heterodyne receiver signal or weak signal, can do basically the same as the amplification multiples, but also because the use of the IF amplifier, and its signal can reach a large magnification, it is the circuit greatly e

57、nhance the receiver sensitivity is generally up to about 0.1mV, and the detector circuit super Renewable compared super heterodyne receiver module, in terms of receiver sensitivity, or selectivity have greatly improved in significantly more interference.适踵艰尘店萨盎芄圊漫念艏婆皓介捉讳奸夸占裹洽漱堆矿妙奘夭戆哗锇兽综潞鄯械瘁儋蹿艋宛岍叟媚恳乌

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