THAT用法总结

1、精品文库 THAT 用法总结 第一、 that 用作形容词（后接复数名词时用 those） 它用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。 What about that book you borrowed from me last month？ 请注意， that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。 that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子 That George!乔治那家伙！（含有轻蔑语气） 第二、 that 用作代词。 1. that用作指示代词（复数形式是those）,其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它 还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复

2、，代替前述名词。 .that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不 可数名词 .代替可数名词可以用 the one 替换.但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰 .例 如: 1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.（that 代替不可数名词 population,不可用 the one替换） 2）The headteacher in your class is youn ger and more active tha n that in theirs.（th代 替可数名词headteacher可用the

3、one替换） that 代替指物的单数可数名词或 般是特指的 those 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的 =the ones one 代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的 ones 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的 That is what he told me. What is that （which） you have got in your hand? The price of rice is higher than that of flour. 2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于 who或which。（但是在下列情况下多用t

4、hat:先行词既有人又有物时；先行词有 形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very, only等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时） He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced. She has little information that is useful for our research. Is there anything that I can do

5、for you? 请注意， that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。 The books （that） I sent you will help you in your studies. 第三、 that 用作连词，引导名词性从句 ,状语从句和强调句。 1. that名词性从句。 引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。 I didnt expect （that） he could win the championship. The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough. 引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语

6、的句型。 That the earth goes around the sun is known to every one. (It is known to every one that the earth goes around the su). 引导表语从句。 The trouble is that we are short of mon ey. 引导同位语从句。 引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的 前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语 或表语。举例说明： The n ews that he resig ned from office

7、 surp rised us. The idea that he holds is very com mon no wadays on camp us. 2. that引导状语从句 引导目的状语从句。 Bring it n earer that I may see it better. 引导结果状语从句。 What have I done that he should be so angry with me? 引导原因状语从句。 I am afraid that I will fail in the driv ing test. 引导让步状语从句。意为虽然、尽管”。 Difficult tha

8、t/as the task was, they man aged to acco mp lish it on time. 引导条件状语从句。意为假使、假设”。 Supposing that you were in my p ositi on, what would you do? On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as po ssible. 第四、that用作副词。 1. that用作普通副词。 I was that/so angry I could have hit h

9、im. 2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替 when, where, why或in which， 常可省略。 I will n ever forget the eve ning (that) / whe n we went to the theatre. The house (that)/where I used to live has bee n kno cked dow n. 第五That的固定搭配 and all that诸如此类 Po verty comp elled him to sell his house, clothes, and all that. and t

10、hat而且(用来加强语气) -They fini shed the work, and that in only a few days. at that就这样 -They left it at that. for all that尽管如此 -He may have shortco mings and faults, but he is a good comrade for all that. now that既然，由于 -You ought to write it now that you know the address, that is那就是 -He will come back in a

11、 week, that is, i n March 1. with that接着就 -With that she left the room;. =With these words, she left the room. in that，意为既然、因为” Criticism and self-criticism is n ecessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes. see (to it) that,意为 注意、务必做到、保证 ” We will see to it that she gets home early. See to it

12、that you are no t late aga in. seeing tha，意为 鉴于、由于” See ing that it is 8 oclock, well wait no Ion ger. Seeing that he was busy with his work, I did nt disturb him. 3、than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比 较级（more）. than+从句，than在从句中作主语，相当于that，代表它前面的 先行词。（这时，它兼有连词和代词的性质，也有学者认为这种用法的than是连 词，后面省略了主语 what。

13、） 如 口： The in door swim ming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious tha n is necessary 室内游泳池过于豪华。 He got more money tha n was wan ted 他得至 U了更多的钱。 But也被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于 who not 或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。 如口：There is no mother but loves her children 没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 There was no on

14、e p rese nt but knew the story already 在场的人都知道这个 故事。 6.（一）、当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语 从句和宾语从句（不可引导同位语从句）；它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1、 what表示所以的（事）”的意思，相当于“thething（s） that、“all that 、“that which 、”“everything that 等例如： （1）Leave it with me and I ll see what I can do.引导宾语从句，并作 do 的宾语。） （2）What you have d

15、one might do harm to other people. （what 引导主语从句， 并在从句中作宾语。） （3）What he said at the meeti ng ast oni shed everybody p rese nt. （wha 引导主语 从句，并在从句中作宾语。） W haO引导主语从句，并在从 （4）What is most imp orta nt in life isn 句中作主语。） II make for you to your own measu引 （5）But wait till you see what we 导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。） (

16、6) What he wan ted to see was an end to all the armies of the world (what 引导 主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) 2、 如： (1) (2) what表示 所的(人)”的意思，相当于 “the person that等。例 He is not what he used to be. (what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。) She is no Ion ger what she was five years ago. (what 引导表语从句，并在 从句中作表语。) what = just as,意为恰像，犹如，好比”用

17、作连词，引导比较状语从句。 惯用句式是：A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对B而言正如C对D 一样” 例如： 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。 Air is to us What water is to fish.(介词 to 表示两者的关系) 也有 “A is for B what C is for D.句式。例如： 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。 Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint.(介词 for 表示 供 使用” what引导的从句也可以放在句首，其句式是： What C is to D， t

18、hat A is to B. (=A is to B what C is to D.) 在这一结构中，喻体在前，主体在后，相当于 “ just aso”结构，意 思也是“A对B而言正如C对D 一样”例如： What blood vessel is to a mans body that railway is to transportation. (=Just as blood vessel is to a mans body，so Railway is to transportation) 铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人体一样。 when、while、as用法的区别 一。 引导时间状语从句时，W

19、HILE连接的是时间段，而 WHEN连接的多是时间 占 八、 例女口 What does your father do while your mother is cooking? What does your mother do whe n you come back? 二, WHILE可以连接两个并列的句子，而 WHEN不可以 例女口 I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was whtching TV 三，WHEN是特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问，WHILE不是。 例如，When were you bron? when是a

20、t or during the time that,既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此 when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终 止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而 while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while则 强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如 果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导, 如: a. Whe n the t

21、eacher came in, we were talk ing. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为: While we were talki ng, the teacher came in. b. They were singing while we were dancing. when和while还可作并列连词。when表示 在那时” while表示 而，却”表 对照关系。如: a. The childre n were running to move the bag of rice whe n they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开

22、那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。 whe n,as,while这三个词都可以引出时间状语从句，它们的差别是：whe n从句表 示某时刻或一段时间as从句表示进展过程，while只表示一段时间 Whe n he left the house, I was sitti ng in the garde n. 当他离开家时，我正在院子里坐着。 When he arrived home, it was just nine oclock. 当他到家时，正是九点钟。 As he gre

23、w older, he became more in tellige nt. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得更有才智了。 While he was in London ,he studied music. 当他在伦敦时，他学习音乐。 While she was typing the letter,the tele phone rang. 当她在用打字机打那封信时，电话响了。 P refer A to B 在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。例如: I prefer dogs to cats在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。 Most peo pie prefer trai ns to

24、buses大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。 I P refer writi ng a term paper to tak ing an exam in atio n. 我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。 I P refer stayi ng at home to going ou我 觉得在家里比出去好。 Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-m usic to doing it in a quiet room. 成千上万的孩子如今一边听流行音乐一边做作业，也不愿在安安

25、静静的房间里 做。 the She has always p referred marki ng her own clothes rather tha n buying them in shop s. 她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服 6. Prefer+不定式 +rather than+不定式 1）本句型中，第一个不定式前面要加to,第二个不定式前面以不加to居多。 如： He prefer to die rather tha n become traito 她宁死也不做叛徒。 Older people ofte n fear cha nge. They know what the

26、y can do best. They p refer to rep eat their successes rather tha n risk failure. 年纪大的人常常怕变化。他们知道什么最拿手，宁愿把自己成功的经验在如法炮 制而不愿冒失败的危险。 She p referred to sew rather than to kni她喜欢缝纫而不喜欢编织。 2)rather than也可以至于句首: Rather tha n buy a car of his own, he p refers to rent one. 3) than后也可用动名词: I p refer to stay a

27、t home rather tha n go/go ing to see a film. 我觉得与其去看电影倒不如呆在家里。 I would P refer to spend the weeke nd at home rather tha n drive/driv ing all the way to your mother s. 我觉得与其开车跑那么远的路到你母亲那里度周末，到布热在家里过更好些。 prefer on the 4) preferrather than中的rather也可以移到第一个不定式之前( ratherthan这种用法多见于书面语。例如： He P referred ra

28、ther to take the whole blame himself tha n to allow it to fall innocent.她宁可自己承担全部责任而不愿让无辜的人受到连累。 5)prefer to do A rather than do B 意义相同，试比较: Joe p refers skati ng to skii ng. Joe p refer to skate rather tha n ski. Bill p referred p layi ng soccer to swimmi ng. Bill p referred to p lay soccer rather

29、tha n swim. He p referred rat ing a car to hav ing one of his own. He p refers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own. 他宁愿租车也不愿买车。 6） 用Preferrather tha代替prefert连接名词的情形偶尔也可见到。如: Mr. Brunner P refers chemistry rather tha n p hysics. 有人认为两者的区别是：Prefert表示一般的倾向，preferratherthan则表示 在某种具体场合的选择。如：

30、 What shall we have to drink, port or sherry?我们该喝什么呢？ I should prefer port rather than sherry.我宁愿和红葡萄酒而不合雪利酒。 7） prefer + that 从句 Would you p refer that I come on Mon day in stead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让星期一来而不是星期二来吗 I P refer that some one else should do this. is no good trying to solve the issue betwee

31、 n the n ati ons by mea ns of war. 填Tit作形式主语. 表语是（of） no use, not any use not the slightest use no good, not much good, fun等时，常用动名词（不用不定式）做主语并后置，用it做形式主语. 例女口 : It s no use crying over spilt milk. 动名词可在there be句型中做主语（不能用不定式），常见形式为“there is no + 动名词”或 “there is no / any +名词+动名词”. 例如： There isn t any

32、use trying again. 句型是： There is + no + noun + （in） doing something. 12.集体名词作主语主谓一致 1）通常作复数的集体名词 集体名词，如： Police, people,cattle,militia,poultry 等， 通常作复数，用复数动词。如： Domestic cattle pro vide us with milk, beef and hidcS, 2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有些集体名词，女口 foliage,machi nery,equi pmen t,furniture,mercha ndise 常作不可

33、数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如： All the machi nery in the factory is made in ChilU” 3）既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 集体名词，如 audienee, committee, class, crew, family, public, governmen等, 既可 作单数，也可作复数用。The city coun cil is meeti ng to set its agenda. 4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词 如果主语是由“committee of /a pan el of /a board of 复数名词”构成，

34、随后的动词 通常用单数。例如： A committee of five men and three wome n is to con sider theilEltter, 13.现在进行时与 Always 连用(Using the Present Progressive with Always) 1. Mary always leaves for school at 7:45.在指出现在某个时间的句子中，always 与连用的一般现在进行时用于描述习惯性的或日常的活动。 2. Mary is always leav ing her dirty socks on the floor for me

35、 to p ick up! Who does s dirty she thi nk I am? Her maid?3. I am always/forever/co nsta ntly p icki ng up Mary socks!在特殊情况下，讲话人可以将always与现在进行时连用来抱怨，即表达 恼火或生气。除always之外，forever与constantly也用于现在进行时表达恼火。 现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习 惯性的动作。这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。 例如： He is

36、 always ask ing questi ons.他老爱提问题。 He is con sta ntly leav ing his things about.他老是乱扔东西。 You are always say ing that sort of thi ng.你老爱说那样的话。 15. tha nks todue tobecause ofow ing to /on acco unt of/ 非谓语动词(动名词与分词) 1、 非谓语动词：是一类由动词原形演变而来的表示动作，但又不能构成谓语句 子成分的词。 2、非谓语动词的分类：分词、动名词、动词不定式。 (1) 动名词：其构成为动词原形in

37、g。它的构成与现在分词完全相同，所以要 从两者的用法上区别这两类词。用法：可以被用作句子主语、表语、宾语和同位 语。 Eg: Read ing affords p leasure.主语) (2) The football match betwee n Brazil and China is excit ing.表语) (3) They enjoyed liste ning to pop songs very much.宾语) (4) My hobby, read ing books in bed, rema ins un cha nged.同位语) 原则：动名词从字面，即语法角度讲，是名词。但

38、是，其本质上仍然具有动作的 性质。所以，当使用动名词作动词宾语且需要表达动作的施动者时，可以加上相 应的所有格代词或者宾格代词；然而，当它用作句子主语时，若要体现这一点， 则只能用所有格代词。 Eg: (1) His giving up smoking is encouraging.只能用所有格代词) They enjoyed my/me good cooking.所有格代词/宾格代词) (2) 分词：分为现在分词和过去分词两大类。现在分词在构成上与动名词完全相同，而过去分词则在动词后面加-ed构成。同时，还必须详记一些常用的不规 则动词的过去式和过去分词。分词在句子中一般用作定语和状语。在详

39、细阐述之 前，必须先树立这样一个观念：现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或 者完成。这一点是学习分词的根基！ (I) 分词作定语：顾名思义，就是分词可以限定或者修饰名词或代词。现在开 一个十分简单的例子： a worki ng desk - a desk for worki ng/a worki ng man - a man who is/was working显然，前这是一个动名词，后者是分词。它们同作定语， 但性质不同。从中我们可以看到：凡是分词用作定语都是从定语从句转换而来。 这是一个基本原则！ Eg: (1) The win dows which face south are b

40、roke n.- The win dows facing south are broke n. (2) The man who is talk ing with the teacher is my father.- The man talk ing with the teacher is my father. (3) The money inv ested in this p roject added up to 20 millio n yua n.- The mon ey, which had bee n in vested in this p roject added up to 20 m

41、illi on yua n. (4) The meeti ng to be held this weeke nd is imp orta nt.- 现在分词作后置定语，表示与主句时态一致的一个经常发生的动作。 现在分词作后置定语，表示与主句时态一致的一个正在发生的动作。 过去分词作后置定语，表示被动语态。 to be过去分词结构作后置定语，表示即将发生的行为或动作。 The meeti ng, which is to be held this weeke nd is imp orta nt. 结论1 结论2 结论3 结论4 ”的基本思想。所以， 本质是相同的！ ”如出一辙，分词作状语 7类，分

42、别是：原因、 原则：一切分词作定语的判断标准就是以上四条，必须牢记！其中，充分体现了 现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或者完成。 要清楚，定语从句和分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式， (II) 分词作状语：与分词作定语从定语从句转换而来 同样可以看作是从各类状语从句转换而来。分词作状语共 结果、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状语。 Eg: (1) Lost in thought, he didn t even hear her knocking原t因状语 r.( He fired, killing two flying birds.(结果状语) (3) (If) Give n more

43、time and mon ey, we could have comp leted the task.条件状语) (4) Doing his homework, the girl was liste ning to the pop son gs.时间状语) (5) Gaining much mon ey, he still felt unhappy.让步状语) (6) Usi ng n egotiati on in stead of arm force, the two n ati ons eve ntually solved the border dis pute p eacefully.方

44、式状语) Reading detective books, he lied in bed.伴随状语) 原则1：由于分词作状语是从状语从句转换而来，故有时为了明确句子的具体含 义，可以在从句中出现表示主从关系的连接词，往往连接词位于分词作状语” 之前！ Eg: (1) When doing his homework, the girl was liste ning to her classical music.时间 状语) (2) If given more time and money, we could have compieted the task条件状语) (3) Although ga

45、ining much money, he still felt unhappy.让步状语) 原则2:分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。这一点是最根本的原则！只有 当两者一致时，分词作状语才能成立。但是，如果不一致，就不能使用分词作状 语，而要用 分词的独立主格结构”予以代替！ Eg: (1) Us ing n egotiati on in stead of arm force, the two n ati ons eve ntually solved the border dis pute p eacefully.方式状语)- (With) the p eaceful means used,

46、 the two n ati ons eve ntually solved the border dis pute. 分词独立主格结构，不是一个完整的句子，但却表达了一个完整的意义，大致可 以分为以下两类：(1)表示逻辑关系的连接词 从句主语 分词。 Eg: (1) If the weather p ermitti ng, we would go outside for a p icnic. (2) After the work done, we will have a relatively long vacati on. (2) with名词/主语 分词，该结构只能用于表示原因状语！ Eg:

47、 (1) With his homework hav ing bee n done, he went out for playing basketball. (2) With the bridge to be compi eted, the com muni cati on betwee n the two cities will surely be stre ngthe ned. at P lay在玩 at the play在看戏 beh ind time 迟至 U beh ind the times落在时代后 by day在白天 by the day按日计算 by sea乘船 by the

48、 sea在海边 in front of在（外面的）前面 in the front of在（内部的前面） in charge of看护，负责 in the charge of由看护，由负责 in secret秘密地（作状语） in the secret知道内情（作表语） in course of在过程中（作表语/后置定语） in the course of在期间（作状语） in red穿着红衣服 in the red负债，赤字 of age成年 of an age岁数）同年 on fire着火 on the fire在考虑中 on occasi on 不时地;必要时 on the occasi

49、on 在那时 out of questi on 毫无疑问 out of the questi on 不可能 to death 十分 to the death 至 U最后 five of us我们中的五人（部分） the five of us我们五个人（全部） a yellow and white cat 一只黄白相间的猫 a yellow and a white cat 一只黄猫和一只白猫 in a faimly way 象一家人一样 in the family way 怀孕 die of cold 冻死 die of a cold感冒而死 have words with 与争吵 have a

50、 word with 与略谈 kee p house管理家务 kee p the house守在家里 take rest 就寝 take a reat 休息一下 take pl ace 发生 take the pl ace of 代替 独立逐个结构. 1）名词/代词+分词 many talks with the natives, the guide act The foreign travelers had ing as an interpreter. He being absent, nothing could be done. 欢迎下载22 The floor being wet and

51、slippery, we stay outside. All things considered,I think I ith. ought to award the job to Mrs. Sm ?1.独立主格结构的语法形式是: 主语+非谓语动词。 ?2.非谓语动词有三种：(1) to + V. ? ( 2) V. -ng ? ( 3) V.-5d ?3.非谓语动词的特点: ? 1)时间关系：(1)不定式具有后时性 ? ( 2)-ng分词具有同时性 ? ( 3)-ed分词具有先时性 e.g. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to co

52、me out next mon th. They visitedDanxia Mountainyesterday, Miss Lee acting as the tou rist guide. His work done, he went home. 2) 逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系: -ng分词表主动 (2) -ed分词表被动 e.g. He being sick in bed, the team had to find a replacement. Weather permitting. we will go picnicking this weekend. The friendly ma

53、tch ok hands with each being over, the players of the two countries sho other. All the tickets sold out, they returned home disappointed. The dispute settled, the meeting came to an end. His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture. 现在你对独立主格的结构了解多少呢？ 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语 弄清楚非谓语动词与逻辑主语

54、的主被动关系 弄清楚非谓语动词与主句动词的时间关 表示一群人或物的名词叫集体（或集合）名词。为便于弄清其特点，我们不妨把 它们分为表示无生命的物的 类”和表示主要是由人（有少数是低等动物）构成的 群”的集体名词。 表示类”的集体名词，常见的有 cloth ing furniture baggage/luggage jewelry traffic in fomatio n mach inery mercha ndise p roduce sce nery 它们指同一类的许多东西，其用法与不可数名词相当: 形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。 如: The old machi ne

55、ry is out of date. 这些旧机器过时了。 不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。表数量时用much, little，some, a piece of, an article of 等。 如: Each room has five p ieces of furn iture. 每个房间有五件家具。 若需用代词，用单数代词。 如: Do you want to see my jewelry?lt is in the box. 你想看我的珠宝吗？它在我的箱子里。 表示群”的集体名词常见的有 (I) peeple P olice cattle po ultry verm in clergy militia (n) family class team gover nment vrowd committee crew juiy party firm couple board group gang en emy union audie nee p ublic mankind huma nity youth 上述(I )部分的词作