人教必修四Unit1-主谓一致

1、人教必修四人教必修四Unit1-Unit1-主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致 What is S-V agreement? 用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空1. I _ a teacher. (be)2. He _ good at swimming. (be)3. You _ late for school again.(be) 4. They _ many new books. (have)5. She _ two sisters.(have)amisarehavehas根据根据主语主语决定与其一致的单数或复数的谓语决定与其一致的单数或复数的谓语在一般现在时的句子中在一般现在时的句子

2、中, ,当当主语是第三人主语是第三人称单数时称单数时( (如如:it,he,she,my :it,he,she,my father,Kens sisterfather,Kens sister等等) ), ,谓语动词谓语动词( (在在主语后的动词主语后的动词,be,be也是谓语动词也是谓语动词) )用单数用单数. .主要有以下几种变化主要有以下几种变化: :1.1.在词尾加在词尾加s s, ,如如:look-looks:look-looks2.2.以以o,s,x,ch,sh,o,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加结尾的加eses, ,如如:go-goes,do-does/pass-passes :go

3、-goes,do-does/pass-passes fix-fixes/ watch-watches fix-fixes/ watch-watches wash-washeswash-washes3.3.以辅音字母以辅音字母+y+y结尾的结尾的, ,把把y y改为改为i i加加- -es,es,如如:try-tries:try-tries4.4.特殊变化特殊变化( (见一个记一个见一个记一个),),如如:have-:have-hashas5.be5.be的变化的变化:be-is:be-is注意注意: :过去式时过去式时,be-was,be-was,这时这时I I也看作也看作单数单数, ,用用w

4、as was 特别注意不要与名词复数特别注意不要与名词复数弄混啊弄混啊! !主谓一致的定义主谓一致的定义英语句子中，主语的英语句子中，主语的“人称人称”和和“数数”要要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫，这就叫“主谓一致主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：关系。它通常依据三项原则：1 1）语法一致）语法一致 2 2）意义一致；）意义一致； 3 3）就近一致）就近一致1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作代词作主语主语时时,谓语动词有以下两种情况：谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) 如果指如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或两个或两个以

5、上不同的人或 事物事物的时候的时候,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。如：如：(is/are) He and I _both students of this school. Horse and rat _both animals. areThe singer and dancer _ on the stage.is(2) 如果连接两个以上的名词指的是如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人同一个人或或物物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候, 谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。 The gift is used to have western meals.What is it?A knife and

6、 fork is used to have meals.What he is doing very important.(seem) 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好收集邮票是他的爱好 seemsis Tom , who your friend, should help you.2. 如果主语是不定式，动词如果主语是不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句的时候形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。is3、主语后面带有主语后面带有with, along with, together w

7、ith, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时等引导的短语时, 谓语动词必须谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were)2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C

8、. are playing D. play wasA1) A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered1) Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 4. 连接的并列主语被连接的并列主语被each, every, no或或 many a 修饰时，谓语动词修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。用单数。 Ever

9、y desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake. Each man and woman _ the same rights. A. has B. have C. had D. is havingMany a passenger _killed in the accident.由由each, every, no, many a所所修饰的名词，即使用修饰的名词，即使用 and连接作连接作主语，谓语动词一般用主语，谓语动词一般用单数单数。 was5.定语从句

10、中定语从句中,“one of +复数名词复数名词+定语从定语从句句”从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词复数复数。 若在在one of 前有前有the, the only, the very修修饰时饰时，从句的谓语动词则用，从句的谓语动词则用单数单数。Eg:1.)She is one of these women who _the violin well.2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.playplays6.在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时，在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时，则则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调

11、的主后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致语一致eg: 1.)It is Mike who always _ me to study maths after class.2.)It was I rather than they that _ punished by the boss.helpswas概念一致原则概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数上却是复

12、数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。但在意义上却是单数。语言一致原则语言一致原则1. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。 are isAll of us here for lunch.All go

13、ing well.Two yearsa short time to some people.Three thousand miles a long distance.areisisis2、分数或百分数分数或百分数+of ，the rest of , the majority of ，half of , some of ，all of ，most of 等作主语时等作主语时, 谓语动词的形式通常与谓语动词的形式通常与of 后面的名词或短语后面的名词或短语_。保持一致保持一致3. His family isnt very large. 他的家族不是很大。他的家族不是很大。4. His family

14、 are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。他家个个都是音乐爱好者。归纳集体名词作主语时，如果强调整体，归纳集体名词作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用谓语动词用 _ 形式；如果强调个体，谓语形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用动词用 _形式。形式。此类名词有此类名词有family，class, group，_ _等。等。单数单数复数复数army，enemy，government，team，public，crowd，population，The team The team _ some good players. (have) some good players. (have)The

15、 team _ handsome. (be)The team _ handsome. (be)hashasareare4. 某些名词如某些名词如people, police, cattle等等,形形式上是单数式上是单数, 但意义上是复数但意义上是复数, 谓语动词谓语动词应用复数。应用复数。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单谓语动词要用单数，如数，如someone ,somebody, something, any

16、body, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。6. 名词如名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时等作主语时, 谓语动词必须谓语动词必须用复数用复数. 如如:7. 形复意单名词如形复意单名词如: news; 以以ics结尾的学科名称结尾的

17、学科名称如如: physics, mathematics; 国名如国名如: the United States; 报纸名如报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如书名如: Arabian Nights; 以及以及 the United Nations 等作主等作主语语; 谓语动词要用单数谓语动词要用单数. 如如:8. 如果主语由如果主语由“the + 形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结构担任结构担任时时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数;这类词有这类词有:the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等等1. 由由

18、here, there, where引导的倒装句中引导的倒装句中,(有时有时主语不止一个时主语不止一个时), 谓语动词与靠近它的主谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致语在数上一致. 用连词用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语等连接的并列主语, 或者在或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. 如如: Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _a cup of tea and some apples on the table.一、用一、用be

19、的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1. Nothing but cars _sold in the shop.因有连词因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一一致，用第三人称单数。致，用第三人称单数。2. Seventy percent of the students in our school _from the countryside.百分数作主语，谓语动词的形式通常与百分数作主语，谓语动词的形式通常与of 后面的名词或短语保持一致。后面的名词或短语保持一致。isare3. The number of the people invited _fifty， but a n

20、umber of them _absent for different reasons.因为因为The number of .(的数量的数量)作主语作主语, 谓语谓语动词用单数形式；而动词用单数形式；而a number of .表示表示“许许多多” 所以谓语动词用复数形式。所以谓语动词用复数形式。4. A poet and artist _coming to speak to us about painting tomorrow afternoon.A poet and artist指指“诗人兼画家诗人兼画家”，所以谓语，所以谓语动词用单数形式。动词用单数形式。iswaswere5. The

21、whole family _watching TV.family是集体名词，强调个体，所以谓语是集体名词，强调个体，所以谓语动词用复数形式。动词用复数形式。6. Walking and riding _good exercises.walking and riding (步行和骑车步行和骑车)是不同的是不同的概念，所以谓语动词用复数形式。概念，所以谓语动词用复数形式。areare7. Going to bed early and getting up early _a good habit.Going to bed early and getting up early表表示同一概念，所以谓语动

22、词用单数形式。示同一概念，所以谓语动词用单数形式。8. Your shoes _ black.shoes 为复数名词，所以谓语动词用复数为复数名词，所以谓语动词用复数形式。形式。isare9. This pair of trousers _too long for him.“pair/piece/kind of+名词或代词名词或代词”作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词与谓语动词与pair， piece， kind 等词的形式保等词的形式保持一致。常见名词有持一致。常见名词有trousers， glasses， gloves， shoes， slippers 等。等。10. What we need

23、_doctors.what在句中指代复数名词在句中指代复数名词doctors， 所以谓语动所以谓语动词用复数形式。词用复数形式。isare二、动词填空二、动词填空 1. Either your students or Mr. Wang _(know) this.either .or .连接两个并列主语，谓语动词根连接两个并列主语，谓语动词根据就近原则来判断。据就近原则来判断。2. Each boy and each girl _(want) to serve the people in future.两个并列的名词前如果有两个并列的名词前如果有each， every， no， many a 等

24、修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。knowswants3. Many a ship _(damage) in the storm.many a+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。数形式。4. More than one student _(see) the film.more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语动单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。词用单数形式。was damagedhas seen5. Between the two windows _ (hang) a picture.在倒装句中在倒装句中, 谓语动词的形式与其后的主

25、谓语动词的形式与其后的主语保持一致。语保持一致。6. Those who _(want) to go please sign your name here.定语从句的谓语动词根据先行词作变化。定语从句的谓语动词根据先行词作变化。hangswant7. The blind _(study) in special school.表示类别的表示类别的the+形容词作主语，谓语动词用复形容词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。数形式。8. So far，every possible means _ (try) to save the miners stuck in the mine.means为单复数形式相同

26、的名词，而且为单复数形式相同的名词，而且every 接接单数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。单数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。has been triedstudy9. When and where to build the new factory _(not decide) yet.动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。式。10. Ten minutes _ (seem) an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.当主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、当主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量

27、等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。has not been decidedseems三、完成句子三、完成句子 1. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。The iron and steel industry _.2. 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。He seems not to have grasped what I meant，which _.greatly upsets meis veryimportant to our life3. 许多男孩喜欢踢足球。许多男孩喜欢踢足球。 Man

28、y a boy _.4. 到目前为止，这两条新铁路线的工程到目前为止，这两条新铁路线的工程建设已经结束。建设已经结束。The construction of the two new railway lines _ by now.has been completedlikes playing football5. 除经理以外，所有的职员都被鼓励在家中通除经理以外，所有的职员都被鼓励在家中通过网络联机工作。过网络联机工作。All the employees except the manager _ at home.6. 他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。H

29、e is the only one of the students who _ for three years. areencouraged to work onlinea winner of scholarshiphas been7. 每一名学生都在努力学习功课，希望能每一名学生都在努力学习功课，希望能够升入大学。够升入大学。Each of the students，working hard at his or her lessons, _.8. 与我一样，简和玛丽厌倦了一次又一次与我一样，简和玛丽厌倦了一次又一次的考试。的考试。Not only I but also Jane and Ma

30、ry _.hopes to go to universityof having one examination after anotherare tired9. 他的他的“诗选诗选”于于1999年第一次出版。年第一次出版。His Selected Poems _ in 1999.10. 你的裤子太脏了，应该马上洗洗。你的裤子太脏了，应该马上洗洗。Your trousers _that you should _ at once.wash themwas first publishedare so dirty1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais

31、 Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam DbeExercises:3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Ca

32、m Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed