英语专业【词汇学】课件：V.wordformation1

1、n V. Word formationnA) to understand word meanings more deeply and comprehensively.n ard:n some sort of derogatory meaning: nsluggard, n 行动迟缓的人、车辆等；懒汉nSlug:n 1) 重击；(old English: slean, slay: beat, strike) n 2）偷懒，（古）慢慢地移动 (ME. Slugge)nSluggishnslugabednslugfestn-fest:n (表示集会、联欢会、竞赛会等）n talkfestn 长时间的

2、讨论，漫谈会n songfestnFestan (Italian: 节日、宴会）节日、宴会） festaln 节日的、喜庆的节日的、喜庆的nslugging重击、强击重击、强击nLaggardnLagnbastard, ndrunkard,ncoward n (Italian cauda, meaning tail, so the word originally may possibly mean (dog) with his tail between his leg)nB) to enlarge our vocabulary: ninfamy:nin- = not n-fam- (repor

3、t) n-y (n. suffix )表示性质等表示性质等n臭名、臭名昭著等臭名、臭名昭著等nInfamousn臭名昭著臭名昭著 的的nInfamizen使臭名昭著使臭名昭著nDefamen诽谤、中伤ndefamationnDefamatoryn诽谤的、中伤的nStue-: n1) push figuratively into Englishn Study: push forward with ones knowledgen Student: one who pushes forward with his knowledgen Studious: hard-workingn Studio: a

4、 place of studyn2) knock figuratively into Englishn stupor: the state of being unable to think or use ones senses 昏迷昏迷; 恍惚恍惚n stuporous n Stupefy: to make unable to think or feeln (to knock senseless or stun)n使麻木、使目瞪口呆n Stupefaction麻木、惊愕n stupefactiven stupid: to be stunned; to be amazedn 麻木的无知觉的呆头呆

5、脑的愚蠢的 nStupid studentnStupiditynC) It helps us to improve our ability to make words and use words more vividly: George Bernard Shaw:nGermany was outwitted, outprepared, outgeneralled, outfought, outflown, outgassed, outtanked, outraided, outbombed, and finally brought to her knees. n(德国计穷了，n装备穷了，n策略

6、穷了，n战斗穷了，n飞机穷了，n汽油穷了，n坦克穷了，n攻击穷了，n炸弹穷了，终于屈膝而投降。）n5.1 Derivationn Make new words by adding affixes to a root or by putting different bound roots together. Words created in this way are called as derivatives.nRoots, prefixes and suffixes are the three keys to the increasing of vocabulary.5.1.1 roots:

7、ac(ere) needle; sharp acid- acu- acer- aciculum 针状物针状物 acicular 针状的针状的 aciculate adj. 有针尖划痕的有针尖划痕的 acid-: sharp, needle n acidity acidifyn Acid fastn 抗酸的抗酸的n Acidosisn 酸中毒酸中毒n acidulousn 微酸的，带酸味的；尖刻讽刺的微酸的，带酸味的；尖刻讽刺的n acidulaten 使酸化；使尖刻使酸化；使尖刻n acidulatedn 带酸性的、乖僻的、易怒的带酸性的、乖僻的、易怒的 acute acuity 剧烈的、严重

8、的、尖锐的 aculeate （动物）有刺的； （语言）一针见血的 acumen （植）渐尖头敏锐、聪明n acupuncturen (puncture: 穿刺）n （pungent, pungency: piercing)n acrid: spicy acerate: 针状的 acerb: 酸的，尖刻的 acerbity 苦涩，辛辣，尖刻 acerbate: 使变酸；激怒 ag-, ig-: to go, to drive, to move agile navigate (L) navis (ship) -ile: fragile docile juvenile sectile 可割的，可切

9、的可割的，可切的 （sect = cut ) prehensile: （猴等的足）能抓的（猴等的足）能抓的 （人）（人）1.善于领会的善于领会的 2. 贪得无厌的贪得无厌的 n prehens (d) = grasp; seizen apprehend:nAp- =ad- = to, towardn用手去抓用手去抓 （废）（废）n （1） 逮捕逮捕n （2） 领悟领悟n （3）忐忑不安的等待忐忑不安的等待nComprehend: com- = with; together to seize together 包括包括理解理解 anim-: life; to fill with breath;

10、breathn Animalize：n 使动物化，使像野兽般残忍使动物化，使像野兽般残忍n Animate animationn 使有生命使有生命活力活力n Unanimated: n 不活跃的，了无生气的，沉闷的不活跃的，了无生气的，沉闷的nEquanimity: n equ: even, equal n calmness 平和，镇静，泰然平和，镇静，泰然nMagnanimity: n 宽大，雅量（心底宽阔）宽大，雅量（心底宽阔）n Magnanimousn 崇高的，宽宏大度的n（magn: great )nMagnaten 权贵，要人n （-ate: people: electorate

11、选民nMagniciden (行刺要人的）重大谋杀n amphibious (amph=ambi=two; around) living a double lifen ambitionn ambiguous 5. bio-: life ced (cede, ceed,): to go, yield antecedent 先例先例 suc+ ceed （suc=sub: near, next ) nsubterranean n sub-: undern -terra-: n earthn 地下的，隐蔽的n surreptitious rept: (L) rapere (to seize) 偷偷摸

12、摸的 accede ac- = ad- = to 接近接近 （古）（古） 加入加入 同意同意 concede con- = with cede = give way 让与，让与， 让步，让步， 承认承认 （失败）（失败） secede se- = without, apart, 脱离，分离脱离，分离 cid-: to cut, kill Incisive： 切入的，锋利的，深入的，辛辣的，讽刺的切入的，锋利的，深入的，辛辣的，讽刺的 duc (duct): to lead, draw, bring fer: carry, bring ferryn transfern confer n 1. 商

13、谈商谈,授予授予n 2. 比较比较 （废（废. 但缩写但缩写cf. 仍使用）仍使用）n nafferent:naf-:=n ad-=ton 传入的，输入的nluminiferous n lumin-:n lightn 发光的，传光的n odoriferous n odor: 香味n 芳香的，有香味的nproffern 提供，提出nmetalliferousn 含金属的nsoniferousn soni- /sono-:n soundn 传声的，发音的 pel (pell, puls): drive, push compel: to makedo sth. by force expel: dri

14、ve out Pend (pens): to hang; weigh; payn append n depend n pendingn compensate: n com-: together, n pens: to weighn to weigh one thing against another n expend: n weigh out, pay outn spend: n s:dis, apart, pend: to weigh dispensable Pensive: 权衡事物轻重的 沉思的 pendency 悬而未决；迫在眉睫 Pond, pound: to weigh Ponde

15、r 权衡，思考 Ponderous 沉重的 ponderable （ 重量）可称的 可权衡的 可考虑的nrupt: n to break, or to burst grav-: heavy grave gravity aggravaten Path-: feeling; sufferingn Patheticn 悲搶的n Pathologyn 病理学n Sympathyn Antipathyn 憎恶n Apathyn 漠不关心nPungere (L)-punctuare (ML)-pointnPungent punctum 色斑、细小穿孔 nPungency punctiform (似）斑点的

16、n puncture 穿孔n punctured 布满小孔的n puncturablen punctuate 加标点、打断n punctulate (动植物等）有斑点的、有凹陷的n nPunctualn点的 n标点的汇成一点的n中肯的恰到好处的n即时的准时的nPunctilo (Ital puntiglio：small point): n(（操行、礼节等的）细节拘礼谨小慎薇n Stand upon punctilios 拘礼、拘谨npunctilious vers-; vert-: to turnnVert; vers: vertere L. : to turn over nmoving ar

17、oundn original: turning of the plough; furrownverse: 诗行nverse: v. 使熟练； 使精通 （versed 的逆构）nHe versed himself in the classics.nversed: a. 熟练的 nversal: universalnversatile n 1.可四面转动的n 2.反复无常的n 3.有多用途的，多功能的n 4.有多种技能的n 5. 多才多艺的nverselet 小诗，短诗nverset 短诗、短句nverseman n 诗人nversicle n 小诗。短诗nversicolor n 1.(在不同光

18、线下)色彩变幻的n 2.多种颜色的n 3.色彩斑斓的nversion: n 1. （一事物的）变化形式，变体n 2.（从某一角度对事物所做的）一种描述n 3. 译本、版本nvert n 改变信仰者nvertigo: whirling roundn 眩晕； （心境的）迷惘nvertiginous: n 多变的，不稳定的眩晕的lev-: n to make lightn Lever n alleviate n Relief n Levityn 轻n ped-: n to go; footn Pedal: n 踏板n Pedestal (ped+de=of+stal=stall) n 支架n Ped

19、estriann Impede: n to shackle（束缚） the feetn 妨碍 n Expedient: n setting the feet free n 适宜的；方便的nPrim-: n firstn Primaln 初始的，主要的n Primaten 首要的n Primern 初级读本n Primevaln 远古的，n Primordialn 原生的，原始的，基本的n Primordial human joysnPrimrosen 报春花，最佳部分，令人愉快的n The primrose of ones lifen 人生的最佳年华nPrimrose pathn 享乐之路，追

20、求享乐使人堕落的道路nPrimevaln 原始的，远古的，早期的 n (-eval: age medieval )n -tain: n hold -terra-n Terracen 阶地， 梯田n 露天平台n 阶梯看台n Terra firman (L) (有别于海洋、河流的）坚实的陆地n Terrainn 地区 领域n terraneousn 地球的，陆生的 n （仿 subterraneous = subterranean) n terrenen 土质的 尘世的n Terra cognitan 已知地区 （学术研究的）已知领域n Terra incognitan 未知。nTerrestri

21、al n 地球的陆生的尘世的nTerrestrial interests n 名利心nTerrestrial dilemma n 人世困境n5.1.2 Prefix a-: 1) not; without: amoral (不属于道德范畴的不属于道德范畴的)n cf. immoraln 不道德的不道德的 n atypical n nBefore letter h or a:n a- is changed into an-:nAnarchy:n an-: without+archy:head or chiefndis-:n not; without n before f, dis- ：dif-n

22、 diffidence (to distrust) lack of self-confidence differn ne-;neg-;n-: n notn Neuter: n ne=not; n uter=n either n Neutronn Neglect:n neg-=not n lect=n gather;pick upnab-; se-: n away and off abstain n -tain: n hold n 自我克制地戒自我克制地戒绝绝(from)n abject n -ject (L) jacere):n throw n 被抛弃的（废），遭拒绝的被抛弃的（废），遭拒绝的

23、 n 绝望无助的，凄苦可怜的，绝望无助的，凄苦可怜的，n nInjectnSubject:n使在下面（废）n1.使臣服n2.使经受、遭受n3.受。支配的nAblate n (back formation from ablation)n 去除，磨蚀；（医）摘除nAblution:n 洗浴n lut: lavere (L): wash nabluent : n 洗涤的，净化的； 洗涤剂nablutedn 被洗净的； 被洗掉的 n (back formation of ablution) nlaven 为。沐浴n （河水等）冲刷n 倒出； 用勺舀出nLavagen 洗涤；灌洗nLavationn 洗

24、涤， 洗涤用水nLavish: n L lavare oFr. Lavasse ( Torrent) : 奔流的n大量的，无节制的，浪费，滥花 nlavatoryn lavatorial：n 洗涤的；n 厕所的 （谈话、幽默等不适当地涉及厕所等而）低级 粗俗的 lavatorial sense of humornLavatory humornlavabo ：盥洗室n （L）I shall wash.n circum-; peri-: round n Circumspectn (周到的周到的,谨慎的谨慎的) nCircumferencen (圆周圆周)nPerimetern (周长周长) omn

25、i-; pan-: all; for all n omnipotent n (全能的,指上帝)n omnipresentn (无所不在的) n pan-African bene-: well; happilyn benediction n benefactorn (恩人) n benevolencen (慷慨) (volence=will)n de-: n showing an opposite:n Decolorn 漂白漂白n Demote:n 降级降级n Decompositionn 分解分解n Deplete:n 耗尽耗尽n Plete: to fill trans: across; t

26、hrough; showing a changenTransparent:n Parent: n to bring forthn Transmit: n trnas-: across; n -mit: send n ( permit: per: through; by ) ad-: to, towards,at near,etc.n Advocate: n vocate=calln provoke: (to call forth) 对。挑衅；激起对。挑衅；激起n provocativen Irrevocable:n Ir-=in-: not; re-: back; voc: voice, ca

27、ll n 不可改变的； 不可撤销的nRevocation: n 取消， 撤回，改变nRevoke: n 撤销 nAttend: n tend=stretchnOb-: n to; toward, on, before, over, against; covern (sometimes: os- before t; o- before m )nobnoxious n ob- (opposed) to + noxa (harm) n 遭受损害 令人不快的 可憎的n obversen 1. （奖章等的） 正面，表面n 2. 前面，正面，主要的一面n 3. 对立面，对应物n How we live d

28、epends on where we live. And the obverse is true. nObviate: n ob-: n against n via: n wayn originally: (L) prevent 排除，消除nObvious:n ob-: against 挡道的，妨碍人的 （废） ob-:exposed, before 暴露于前的（废） n ob-: on, before, exposedn exposed on the way nOpportune: n op-=ob-: to; toward, onn port: n harbor n literal: co

29、ming to harbor, obtaining timely protectionn 朝向港口朝向港口进港及时进港及时 fit, timely n 及时的，适宜的及时的，适宜的nomit:n放弃（废）n 无视 n 遗漏 n 忽略, 省略nmit (mis): sendnsubmit:n Place or send undernSubmit oneself to 使屈服，使服从n nOstentation:n os- = ob- = beforen tent: stretchn 卖弄，铺张，招摇nostentatious n 夸示的， 外观美丽的nostensible n 表面上的，伪装的，

30、 假的nOccluden clude: n closen 堵塞，隔断堵塞，隔断nobsess n sedere: sitn 萦绕， 缠住nobsequiousn ob- : to n sequi: follow n 顺从的，巴结的，卑躬屈膝的noffense: n fense=fencenSur- : n super 上、过、超n surviven surmountn 优过、胜过 （废）n 克服、登上、凌驾n surprise:n prendre (Ofr. ): graspn overtaken强占、俘获（废） n1. 当场捉住n2. 使措手不及使惊讶nsurexcitation n 过度兴奋n5.1.3 suffix-age: n 1. (after a verb) 行为或行为结果n Breakage: n 毁损(物)n Sewerage n (sewer: 为铺设排污管道)n Steeragen 操纵,领导n2. (after a noun, occasionally a verb or adj.)n状态状态: n Courage (cour-: heart)n地点地点: n anchoragen 泊船处泊船处 n cottage n (cote: shed, shelter)n vil