高中英语被动语态

1、 被动语态的复习被动语态的复习What do they have in common?1.Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.2. As time passed by, the cainival period was extended.3. The broken bike is being repaired now. 4. He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 5. The pen has been used for seve

2、ral years. 6. He said the factory had been opened.7. The work will be finished in three hours. 8. The baby must be looked after well. 语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主语是动作的承

3、受者，动词便用被动语态主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态的定义：动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+ done (+ by)Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。是莎士比亚写的。The ta

4、sk has been finished. 任务已经完成了。任务已经完成了。一般现在时：一般现在时： am / is / are doneam / is / are done一般过去时：一般过去时： was / were donewas / were done现在进行时：现在进行时： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done过去进行时：过去进行时： was / were being donewas / were being done现在完成时：现在完成时： have / has been donehave / has been done过

5、去完成时：过去完成时： had been donehad been done一般将来时：一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must can / must / have tobe done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969

6、. 这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已

7、经开张。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。世界各地都有人讲英语。English is spoken almost all over the world.1 1含有单宾语的句子转换：含有单宾语的句子转换：主动变被动中的几个问题：主动变被动中的几个问题

8、：People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。是个诚实的孩子。 It is believed that he is an honest boy.He is believed to be an honest boy.方法方法1) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语谓语变成不定式短语。方法方法2) 用先行的用先行的it作形式主语作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；置的主语从句；另：另：当主动句的宾语是当主动句的

9、宾语是thatthat引导的宾语从引导的宾语从 句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。练习： We all think that we could win the game. we are thought to win the game.It is thought that we could win the game.2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换含有双宾语的主动句的转换I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。The book was given to Mr. Smith yes

10、terday ( by me).Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).3. 3. 含有动词短语的句子转换。含有动词短语的句子转换。They have never listened to him. 人家从不听人家从不听他的话。他的话。He has never been listened to.练习： They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。He made me do the

11、work.I was made to do the work by him.4. 主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中带to的几种情况：练习： we heard him say good-bye to his friends.He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.注意：Make, feel, let, hear, see, watch等词 在主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中要带to主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况： 1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性特征或属性的动词。常

12、见的这类动词有的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run等等。这些动词常与副词。这些动词常与副词连用。例如：连用。例如： The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. This kind of book sells well. 2、表示主语状态特征的、表示主语状态特征的连系动词连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。等。例如：例如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _

13、 very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 3. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 His suggestion is not worth considering. 翻译：这部电影值得一看。翻译：这部电影值得一看。By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A. would be

14、completed B. was beingcompleted C. has been complete D. had been completedDPlease try to describe the picture with passive voice.Please translate the sentence by using the passive voice 威尼斯的政府禁止在狂欢节中使用面具。威尼斯的政府禁止在狂欢节中使用面具。Masks were banned in the carnival by the government of Venice. Congratulations

15、!Good luck!10 marksMake a sentence with the words given to you.was, in the late 1970s,by the students , of wearing masks , revived , the tradition The tradition of wearing masks was revived by the students in the late 1970s.Complete the sentence using the correct form of the verbs.-The windows are v

16、ery dirty.-I know they _ (not clean) for weeks.havent been cleanedCorrect the sentence below. The slaves were made work for 12 hours a day and were given to a little food .made toChange the sentence into another form in the passive voice.His father bought him a new T-shirt.A new T-shirt was bought f

17、or him by his father.Can all the sentences be transformed from the active voice to the passive voice?l第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。等。 l Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. l 误：误：It is felt very soft. l The food tastes delicious

18、. l 误：误：The food is tasted delicious. l The pop music sounds beautiful. l 误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful. l第二，谓语是及物动词第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：等。如： lHe entered the room and got his book. l误：误：The room was entered and his book was got. lShe had her hand

19、burned. l误：误：Her hand was had burned. l第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：等。如： lThe fire broke out in the capital building. l误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. l同源宾语 ： 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是

20、相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。如：lI dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。l二、用法： 1.常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。斗争，打了一个漂亮仗。l第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 lWhen we got to the top of the mountain,

21、 the sun had already risen. l误：误：The sun had already been risen. lAfter the earthquake, few houses remained. l误：误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.l在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： l据说据说It is said that l据报导据报导It is reported that l据推测据推测It is suppos

22、ed that l希望希望It is hoped that l众所周知众所周知It is well known that l普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that l有人建议有人建议It is suggested that l la. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。l b. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 去年八月份，我们的战士与洪水作l第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源第五，

23、宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：不能变为被动句子的主语，如： lI taught myself English. l误：误：Myself was taught English. lWe love each other. l误：误：Each other is loved. 高考直击：1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill

24、hold2. Every possible means _, but none _ successful(2000年上海春招题） A. has tried; has proved Btried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved3.The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer C. to be answered D. answering BCBl4By the end of last year, another new gymnasi

25、um _ in Beijing.(2003年上海春招题) A. would be completed B. was beingcompleted C. has been complete D. had been completedl5More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year. (2005年上海高考题) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent DBl 6.Why did you leave that position? I a

26、 better position at IBM. (2005年北京高考题) A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered l 7. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (2004年江苏高考题) A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated l 8. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to before the party.

27、(2004 年全国高考卷) A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to changeDDAl9. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future. (2002年上海春招题) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut l 10. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment.

28、 (2005年北京春招题) A. is damaged B. had been damaged C. damaged D. was damagedCBl 11.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006. (2004年北京卷) A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completedl 12. I feel it is your husband w

29、ho _ for the spoiled child. (2002年上海高考题) A. is to blame B. is doing to blame C. is to be blame D. should blamel 13.Great changes _in the city ,and a lot of factories_.（2003NMET) A. have been taken placehave been set up B. have taken placehave been set up C. have taken placehave set up D. were taken placewere set upCABl14.Do you like the material? Yes, it_ very soft. (NMET) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltl15. The Olympic Games, _in 776 BC ,did not include women