英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)

1、英语词汇学教程（2004 年版）练习答案Chapter 17. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fightg. smoky: policeh. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl8. G

2、ive the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledgeere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid12. Categorize the following borrowed words into d

3、enizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans.Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dreamChapter 21. Why should students of English lexicolog

4、y study the Indo-European Language Family?The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or l

5、ess influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below. Indo-European Language FamilyBalto-Slavic Indo-Ir

6、anian Celtic Italian Hellenic GermanicRoumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek EnglishLithuanian Persian Scottish French SwedishPrussian Irish Italian GermanPolish Portuguese NorweigianSlavenian IcelandicRussian DanishBulgarian Dutch 6. Here is a text chosen from the Declaration of Independence. “When i

7、n the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinio

8、ns of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.” Pick out all the words of Greek or Latin origin from the text and see of what origin are the words left. What insight does this exercise give you with reference to the borrowings from Greek and Latin?“Whe

9、n in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opi

10、nions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.” Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary. 8. Tell t

11、he different elements that make up the following hybrids.eventful Latin + English falsehood Latin + English saxophone German + Greek joss house Portuguese + English hydroplane Greek + Latin pacifist Latin + Greek heirloom French + English television Greek + Latin 9. Put the following French loan wor

12、ds into two groups, one being early borrowings and the other late ones.amateur (late) finac (late) empire (early) peace (E) courage (E) garage (L) judgement (E) chair (E) chaise (L) grace (E) servant (E) routine (L) jealous (E) savat (L) genre (L) gender (E) dbut (L) morale (L) state (E)chez (L) bal

13、let (L)11. Match the Italian musical terms with the proper definitons.allegro, f. in fast tempo轻快 andante, j. in moderate tempo行板diminuendo, g. decreasing in volume渐弱largo, d. in a slow stately manner缓慢pianoforte, a. soft and loud轻转强alto, i. lowest singing boice for woman女低音crescendo, b. increasing

14、in volume渐强forte, e. loud强piano, h. soft轻soprano, c. highest singing voice for women女高音12. Look up these words in a dictionary to determine the language from which eachhas been borrowed.cherub (Hebrew) coolie (Hindi) lasso (Sp) shampoo (Indian) tepee (Am Ind) kibitz (G) chipmunk (Am Ind) cotton (Ara

15、b) loot (Hindi) snorkel (G) tulip (Turk) wok (Ch) chocolate (Mex) jubilee (Gr) Sabbath (Heb) tamale (Mex) voodoo (Afr) sauerbraten (G)13. Here is a menu of loan words from various sources. Choose a word to fill in each space. a. A crocodile much resembles an _ in appearance. b. “To give up a young l

16、ady like that,” said Andy. “A man would have to be plumb _. c. There was a big increase this summer in the number of competitors in calf roping at the annual _ held in Three Forks. d. This duke ranch we have developed has done well so far, but it promises next year to be a real _ , enough to make us

17、 all rich. e. Some Eskimos build a winter shelter from snow called an _. f. The Germans perfected a type of motorized attack in the Second World War that they called a _. g. The Algonquin Indian in eastern and central North America lived in a domed shelter they called a _. h. Columbus in 1493 used a

18、 Carib Indian word _ to describe the small boats the native used. i. In the West Indies the local name fro a violent tropical cyclone is a _. j. The Australian aborigines use a throwing stick that they call a _. k. “Look like rain, boy,” sang out Luke. “Better get out your _.” a. alligator b. loco c

19、. rodeo d. bonanza e. igloo f. blitzkrieg g. wigwam h. canoe i. hurricanej. boomerang k. panchosChapter 31. Write the term in the blanks accoding to the definitions. a. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ( ) b. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ( ) c. a moepheme that occurs with at le

20、ast one other morpheme ( ) d. a morpheme that can stand alone ( ) e. a morpheme attached to a base, stem or root ( ) f. an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( ) g. an affix that forms new words with a base, stem or root ( ) h. what ratains of a word after the removal of all affies ( ) i

21、. that part of a word that can take inflectional affixes ( ) j. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ( )a. morpheme b. allomorph c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme e. affix f. informational affix g. derivational affix h. root i. stem j. base 3. individualistic individualist + ic stem, ba

22、se individual + ist stem, base individu + al stem, base in + dividu root, stem, base undesirablesun + desirable stem, base desir + able root, stem, base 4. Organize the following terms in a tree diagram to show their logical relationships.affix morpheme derivational affix free root bound root inflec

23、tional affix prefix free morpheme bound morpheme suffixmorpheme free morpheme = free root - bound morpheme bound root - affix inflectional affix - derivational affix prefix - suffix Chapter 4Affixation 5. Form negatives with each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-,

24、in-, ir-, non-, un-.non-smoker disobey immature unwillingness illogical non-athletic incapable insecurity inability/disability illegal disloyal unofficially disagreement inconvenient impractical irrelevant6. Turn the following nouns and adjectives into verbs with en, -ify, -ize and then choose them

25、to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow. harden memorize deepen lengthen fatten horrify falsify glorify intensify sympathize modernize apologize sterilize beautify a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sympathized e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. Sterilize7. Each of the followi

26、ng sentences contains a word printed in italics. Complete the sentence by using this word to form a noun to refer to a person. a. If you are employed by a company, you are one of its _. b. A _ is someone whose job is politics. c. The _ in a discussion are the people who participate in it. d. A woman

27、 who works as a _ does the same job as a waiter. e. The person who conducts an orchestra or choir is called the _. f. Your _ is the person who teaches you. g. A _ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano. h. If someone examnines you, you are the _ and he or she is the _.a. employee b.

28、politician c. participant d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher g. pianist h. examinee/examiner 8. Match Colume A with Colume B and give two examples for each. trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-worldtrans-world mono- = one: monorail, monoculture super- = over, above: superstructure, supernatura

29、l auto- = self: autobiography, automobile sub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer Compounding 2. Analyse the following compound words and explain their internal grammatical r

30、elationship.heartbeat S + V movie-goer place + V far- reaching V + Adv lion-hearted adv + a boyfriend S + complement snap decision V + O on-coming V +adv brainwashing V + O baking powder V +adv dog-tired adv + a love-sick adv + a peace-loving V +O easy chair a + n tax-free adv +a light-blue a + a go

31、ings-on V +adv4. Form compounds using the following either as the first or the second element of the compound as indicated and translate the words into Chinese.well-bred / well-behaved, needle work / homework, bar-woman / sportswoman, clear-minded / strong-minded, self-control / self-respect, water-

32、proof / fire-proof, news-film / news-letter, sister-in-law / father-in-law, half-way / half-done, age-conscious / status-conscious, culture-bound / homebound, praiseworthy / respectworthy, nation-wide / college-wide, military-style / newstyle, budget-related / politics-related, once-fashionable / on

33、ce-powerful, mock-attack / mock-sadness, home-baked / home-produced, ever-lasting / ever-green, campus-based / market-basedConversion7. Pick out the words which you think are converted in the following sentences and tell how they are converted. a. We cant stomach such an insult. b. Robert Acheson ro

34、omed right next to me. c. he wolfed down his lunch d. There is no come and go with her. e. Im one of his familiars. f. Poor innocents! g. She flatted her last note. h. The engineers ahed and ouched at the new machines. i. Come to the fire and have a warm. j. Is Bill Jackson a has-been or a might-hav

35、e-been? k. He Hamleted at the chance and then he regretted for it. l. These shoes were an excellent buy. m. He turned his head and smoothed back the hair over one temple. a. stomach n v b. room n v c. wolf n v d. come/go v n e. familiar a nf. innocent a n g. flat a n h. ah / ouch int v i. warm a n j

36、. has-been / might-have-been finite v n k. Hamlet proper n v l. buy v nm. smooth a v Blending Analyse the blends and translate them into Chinese. motel (motor + hotel) 汽车旅馆humint (human + intelligence) 谍报advertisetics (advertisement + statistics) 广告统计学psywarrior (psychological warrior) 心理战专家hoverpor

37、t (hovercraft + port) 气垫船码头chunnel (channel + tunnel) 海峡隧道hi-fi (high + fidelity) 高保真录音设备cinemactress (cinema + actress) 电影女演员Clipping Restore the full forms of the following words and see how these clipped words are formed. copter (helicopter) ab (laboratory) gas (gasoline) scope (telescope) sarge

38、(sergeant) ad (advertisement) dorm (dormitory) prefab (prefabricated house) prof (professor) champ (champion) mike (microphone) tec (detective)Acronymy 2. What do the short forms stand for?kg = kilogram cm = centimeter ibid = ibidem ft = foot $ = dollar etc. = et cetera cf = confer VIP = very import

39、ant person OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries TOEFL = teaching of English as a foreign language 3. Choose a word from the list to fill in each of the blanks. a. There was a wide coverage of the _ talks in the press. b. There are enemy aircraft on the _ screen. c. _ is still an incu

40、rable disease. d. If one knows _ language, one will find it easy to learn how to use computers. e. _ has long been applied to surgery in medicine. f. _ is an international agency of the United Nations which is concerned with improving health standards and services throughout the world. g. Passive _

41、listens for noises emanating from a submarine. h. The person who works for the Federal Bureau of Investigation is called a _.a. SALT b. radar c. AIDS d. BASIC e. Laser f. WHO g. sonar h. G-man Backformation 2. Give the original words from which the following words are back-formed. lase (laser) escal

42、ate (escalator) babysit (babysitter) peeve (peevish) orate (orator) commute (commuter) Commonization of Proper Names Study the following sentences and pick out the words which used to be proper names and explain the meanings in relation to their origins.a. tantalizeTantalus b. Argus-eyedArgus c. nar

43、cissismNarcissus d. sabotagesabots e. martinetMartinet f. yahooYahoo g. ShylockShylock h. hooveringHoover i. utopiaUtopia j. Uncle TommismUncle Tom Chapter 56. Match the words in Colume A with those in Colume B. A B apesb cattlem dovesc geesek wolvesg pigsl turkeysdbirdsa cricketnfoxesj sheepf monke

44、yse hyenash swansi9. a. A scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associations with “atomic”, such as “benefit, energy”, etc. b. A Japanese resident of Hiroshima, victim of the atomic explosion at the end of World War II, might have all

45、 the negative associations with “atomic”, such as “suffering, killing, death, horror, etc. c. To a student of nuclear physics, “atomic” might be associated with “mystery, science, knowledge”, etc. 10. talkative: implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length (neutral) articulate: expressin

46、g oneself easily and clearly (positive) gossip: indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative)rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ideas (negative)fluent: speaking easily, smoothly, and expressively (positive)mouthy: overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (negative) 11.

47、No Appreciative Neutral Pejorative 1 particular fastidious / fussy2 critical fault-finding / picky3 style/vogue fad4 artful cunning / sly5 unstable fickle / capricious6 developing underdeveloped / backward7 encourage / promote instigate8 group clique / gang14. bull HUMAN + MALE + ADULT + BOVINE cow

48、HUMAN MALE + ADULT + BOVINE calf HUMAN + MALE - ADULT + BOVINE rooster HUMAN + MALE + ADULT + GALLINE hen HUMAN MALE +ADULT +GALLINE chicken HUMAN + MALE + ADULT + GALLINE HUMAN bull cow calf +BOVINE rooster hen chicken +GALLINE+ MALE MALE + ADULTChapter 6 Polysemy board a piece of timber table dini

49、ng table council table food served at the table; councilors; committee; meal supplied by the week or month directors of a company Homonymy 4. 1) Make both ends meat is a parody of make both ends meet which means “have enough money for ones needs”. Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonyms

50、meat and meet to make a pun. It makes a proper answer to the ladys question. (1) Butchers cannot make both ends meat (make whole sausages with all meat) because they cannot make both ends meet (If they made sausages with all meat, which is more costly, they would not earn enough money to survive.) (

51、2) Dont complain. All the butchers do the same. I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread. 2) Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer. But by one swallow we see, we cannot deduce that it is already summer time. Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. On a cold winter day, if one ha

52、s a swallow of wine, one may feel warm.3) Arms has two meanings: weapons; the human upper limbs. Since “a cannon ball took off his legs”, the soldier was not able to fight on, so he “laid down his arms”, which means “surrender”. It can also mean he laid down his upper limbs.Synonymy 3. avaricious: greedycourteously: politelyemancipate: set freecustomary: usualwidth: breadthadversary: opponentgullible: deceivedremainder: residueinnocent: sinlessobstacle: obstruction vexation: annoya