水利专业名词(中英文对照)

1、水利专业名词（中英）a安全储备 safety reserve安全系数 safety factor安全性 safety岸边溢洪道 river-bank spillway岸边绕渗 by-pass seepage around bank slope岸墙 abutment wall岸塔式进水口 bank-tower intakeb坝的上游面坡度 upstream slpoe of dam坝的下游面 downstream face of dam坝顶 dam crest坝顶长度 crest length坝顶超高 freeboard of dam crest坝高 dam height坝顶高程 crest e

2、levation坝顶宽度 crest width坝段 monolith坝基处理 foundation treatment坝基排水 drain in dam foundation坝基渗漏 leakage of dam foundation坝肩 dam abutment坝壳 dam shell坝坡 dam slope坝坡排水 drain on slope坝体混凝土分区 grade zone of concrete in dam坝体排水系统 drainage system in dam坝型选择 selection of dam type坝址选择 selection of dam site坝趾 dam

3、 toe坝踵 dam heel坝轴线 dam axis本构模型 constitutive model鼻坎 bucket比尺 scale比降 gradient闭门力 closing force边墩 side pier边界层 boundary layer边墙 side wall边缘应力 boundary stress变形观测 deformation observation变中心角变半径拱坝 variable angle and radius arch dam标准贯入试验击数 number of standard penetration test冰压力 ice pressure薄壁堰 sharp-c

4、rested weir薄拱坝 thin-arch dam不均匀沉降裂缝 differential settlement crack不平整度 irregularityc材料力学法 method of strength of materials材料性能分项系数 partial factor for property of material侧槽溢洪道 side channel spillway侧轮 side roller侧收缩系数 coefficient of side contraction测缝计 joint meter插入式连接 insert type connection差动式鼻坎 diffe

5、rential bucket掺气 aeration掺气槽 aeration slot掺气减蚀 cavitation control by aeration厂房顶溢流 spill over power house沉降 settlement 沉井基础 sunk shaft foundation沉沙池 sediment basin沉沙建筑物 sedimentary structure沉沙条渠 sedimentary channel沉陷缝 settlement joint沉陷观测 settlement observation衬砌的边值问题 boundary value problem of linin

6、g衬砌计算 lining calculation衬砌自重 dead-weight of lining 承载能力 bearing capacity 承载能力极限状态 limit state of bearing capacity持住力 holding force齿墙 cut-off wall冲击波 shock wave冲沙闸 flush sluice冲刷坑 scour hole重现期 return period抽排措施 pump drainage measure抽水蓄能电站厂房 pump-storage power house出口段 outlet section初步设计阶段 preliminar

7、y design stage初参数解法 preliminary parameter solution初生空化数 incipient cavitation number初应力法 initial stress method船闸 navigation lock垂直升船机 vertical ship lift纯拱法 independent arch method次要建筑物 secondary structure刺墙 key-wall粗粒土 coarse-grained soil错缝 staggered jointd大坝安全评价 assessment of dam safety大坝安全监控 monito

8、r of dam safety大坝老化 dam aging大头坝 massive-head dam单层衬砌 monolayer lining单级船闸 lift lock单线船闸 single line lock挡潮闸 tide sluice挡水建筑物 retaining structure导流洞 diversion tunnel导墙 guide wall倒虹吸管 inverted siphon倒悬度 overhang等半径拱坝 constant radius arch dam等中心角变半径拱坝 constant angle and variable radius arch dam底流消能 en

9、ergy dissipation by hydraulic jump底缘 bottom edge地基变形 foundation deformation地基变形模量 deformation modulus of foundation地基处理 foundation treatment地下厂房 underground power house地下厂房变压器洞transformer tunnel of underground power house地下厂房出线洞 bus-bar tunnel of underground power house地下厂房交通洞 access tunnel of under

10、ground power house地下厂房通风洞 ventilation tunnel of underground power house地下厂房尾水洞 tailwater tunnel of underground power house地下轮廓线 under outline of structure地下水 groundwater地形条件 topographical condition地形图比例尺 scale of topographical map地应力 ground stress地震 earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity地质条件 geological

11、 condition垫层 cushion垫座 plinth吊耳 lift eye调度 dispatch跌坎 drop-step跌流消能 drop energy dissipation跌水 drop 迭代法 iteration method叠梁 stoplog丁坝 spur dike定向爆破堆石坝 directed blasting rockfill dam动强度 dynamic strength动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure洞内孔板消能 energy dissipation by orifice plate in tunnel洞内漩流消能 energy dissipati

12、on with swirling flow in tunnel洞身段 tunnel body section洞室群 cavern group洞轴线 tunnel axis陡坡 steep slope渡槽 短管型进水口 intake with pressure short pipe断层 fault堆石坝 rockfill dam对数螺旋线拱坝log spiral arch dam多级船闸 multi-stage lock多线船闸 multi-line lock多心圆拱坝 multi-centered arch dam多用途隧洞 multi-use tunnele二道坝 secondary dam

13、f发电洞 power tunnel筏道 logway反弧段 bucket反滤层 filter防冲槽 erosion control trench防洪 flood preventi，flood control防洪限制水位 restricted stage for flood prevention防浪墙 parapet防渗墙 anti-seepage wall防渗体 anti-seepage body放空底孔 unwatering bottom outlet非常溢洪道 emergency spillway非线性有限元 non-linear finite element method非溢流重力坝 n

14、onoverflow gravity dam分岔 fork分洪闸 flood diversion sluice分项系数 partial factor分项系数极限状态设计法 limit state design method of partial factor封拱 arch closure封拱温度 closure temperature浮筒式升船机ship lift with floats浮箱闸门 floating camel gate浮运水闸 floating sluice辅助消能工 appurtenant energy dissipationg刚体极限平衡法 rigid limit equi

15、librium method刚性支护 rigid support钢筋混凝土衬砌 reinforced concrete lining钢筋计 reinforcement meter钢闸门 steel gate高边坡 high side slope高流速泄水隧洞 discharge tunnel with high velocity工程管理 project management工程规划 project plan工程量 quantity of work工程设计 engineering design 工程施工 engineering construction工作桥 service bridge工作闸门

16、 main gate拱坝坝肩岩体稳定 stability of rock mass near abutment of arch dam拱坝布置 layout of arch dam拱坝上滑稳定分析 up-sliding stability analysis of arch dam拱坝体形 shape of arch dam拱端 arch abutment拱冠 arch crown拱冠梁法 crown cantilever method拱冠梁剖面 profile of crown cantilever拱内圈 intrados拱外圈 extrados固结 consolidation固结灌浆 con

17、solidation grouting管涌 piping灌溉 irrigation规范 code，specification过坝建筑物 structures for passing dam过滤层 transition layer过渡区 transition zone过木机 log conveyer过木建筑物 log pass structures过鱼建筑物 fish-pass structuresh海漫 flexible涵洞 culvert河道冲刷 river bed scour荷载 load荷载组合 load combination横缝 transverse joint横拉闸门 horizo

18、ntal rolling /sliding gate洪水标准 flood standard虹吸溢洪道 siphon spillway厚高比 thickness to hight ratio弧形闸门 radial gate护岸工程 bank-protection works护坡 slope protection护坦 apron戽琉消能 bucke-type energy dissipation滑坡 land slip滑楔法 sliding wedge method滑雪道式溢洪道 skijump spillway环境评价 environment assessment换土垫层 cushion of

19、replaced soil回填灌浆 backfill grouting混凝土 concrete混凝土衬砌 concrete lining混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall混凝土面板 concrete face slab混凝土面板堆石坝 concrete-faced rockfill dam混凝土重力坝 concrete gravity damj基本荷载组合 basic load combination基本剖面 basic profile基面排水 base level drainage激光准直发 method of laser alignment极限平衡法 limit equi

20、librium method极限状态 limit state坚固系数 soundness coefficient剪切模量 shear modulus剪切应力 shear stress检查 inspection检修闸门 bulkhead简单条分法 simple slices method建筑材料 construction material简化毕肖普法 simplified bishops method渐变段 transition键槽 key/key-way浆砌石重力坝 cement-stone masonry gravity dam交叉建筑物 crossing structure交通桥 acce

21、ss bridge校核洪水位 water level of check floo校核流量 check flood discharge接触冲刷 contact washing接触流土 soil flow on contact surface节制闸 controlling sluice结构可靠度 reliability of structure结构力学法 structural mechanics method结构系数 structural coefficient截流环 cutoff collar截水槽 cutoff trench进口段 inlet进口曲线 inlet curve进水喇叭口 inle

22、t bellmouth进水闸 inlet sluice浸润面 saturated area浸润线 saturated line经济评价 economic assessment井式溢洪道 shaft spillway静水压力 hydrostatic pressure均质土坝 homogeneous earth damk开敞式溢洪道 open channel spillway开裂机理 crack mechanism勘测 exploration survey坎上水深 water depth on sill抗冲刷性 scour resistance抗冻性 frost resistance抗滑稳定安全系

23、数 safety coefficient of stability against sliding抗剪断公式 shear-break strength formula抗剪强度 shear strength抗裂性 crack resistance抗磨 abrasion-resistance抗侵蚀性 erosion-resistance抗震分析 analysis of earthquake resistance颗粒级配曲线 grain size distribution curve可靠度指标 reliability index可行性研究设计阶段 design stage of feasibilit

24、y study空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam空腹拱坝 hollow arch dam空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage空隙水压力 pore water pressure控制堰 control weir枯水期 low water period库区 reservoir area宽顶堰 broad crested weir宽缝重力坝 slotted gravity dam宽高比 width to height ratio扩散段 expanding section扩散角 divergent anglel拦沙坎

25、sediment control sill拦污栅 trash rack廊道 gallery浪压力 wave pressure棱体排水 prism drainage理论分析 theory analysis力法方程 canonical equation of force method连续式鼻坎 plain bucket联合消能 combined energy dissipation梁式渡槽 beam-type flume量水建筑物 water-measure structure裂缝 crack临界水力坡降 critical hydraulic gradient临时缝 temporary joint

26、临时性水工建筑物temporary hydraulic structure流量 discharge流速 flow velocity流态 flow pattern流土 soil flow流网 flow net流向 flow direction露顶式闸门 emersed gatem马蹄形断面 horseshoe section脉动压力 fluctuating pressure锚杆支护 anchor support门叶 gate flap迷宫堰 labyrinth weir面流消能 energy dissipation of surface regime模型试验 model test摩擦公式 fri

27、ction factor formula摩擦系数 coefficient of friction 目标函数 objective functionn内部应力 internal stress内摩擦角 internal friction angle内水压力 internal water pressure挠度观测 deflection observation泥沙压力 silt pressure粘性土 cohesive soil碾压混凝土重力坝 roller compacted concrete gravity dam凝聚力 cohesion扭曲式鼻坎 distorted type bucketp排沙底

28、孔 flush bottom outlet排沙漏斗 flush funnel排沙隧洞 flush tunnel排水 drainage排水孔 drain hole排水设施 drainage facilities抛物线拱坝 parabolic arch dam喷混凝土支护shotcrete support喷锚支护 spray concrete and deadman strut漂木道 log chute平板坝 flat slab buttress dam平衡重式升船机vertical ship lift with counter weight平面闸门 plain gate平压管 equalizin

29、g pipe坡率 slope ratio破碎带 crush zone铺盖 blanketq 启闭机 hoist启门力 lifting force砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam潜坝 submerged dam潜孔式闸门 submerged gate倾斜仪 clinometer曲线形沉沙池 curved sedimentary basin渠首 canal head渠道 canal渠系建筑物 canal system structure取水建筑物 water intake structurer人工材料心墙坝earth-rock dam with manufactured ce

30、ntral core人字闸门 mitre gate任意料区 miscellaneous aggregate zone溶洞 solution cavern柔度系数 flexibility coefficient褥垫式排水 horizontal blanket drainage软弱夹层 weak intercalations三角网法 triangulation method三角形单元 triangular element三心圆拱坝 three center arch dam三轴试验 triaxial test扇形闸门 sector gate上游 upstream设计洪水位 design flood

31、 level设计基准期 design reference period设计阶段 design stage设计阶段划分 dividing of design stage设计流量 design discharge设计状况系数 design state coefficient设计准则 design criteria伸缩缝 contraction joint渗流比降 seepage gradient渗流变形 seepage deformation渗流分析 seepage analysis渗流量 seepage discharge渗流体积力 mass force of seepage渗流系数 perme

32、ability coefficient生态环境 ecological environment生态平衡 ecological balance失效概率 probability of failure施工导流 construction diversion施工缝 construction joint施工管理 construction management施工条件 construction condition施工图阶段 construction drawing stage施工进度 construction progress实体重力坝 solid gravity dam实用剖面 practical prof

33、ile实用堰 practical weir事故闸门 emergency gate视准线法 collimation method收缩段 constringent section枢纽布置 layout of hydraulic complex输水建筑物 water conveyance structure竖式排水 vertical drainage数值分析 numerical analysis双层衬砌 double-layer lining双曲拱坝 double curvature arch dam水电站地下厂房 underground power house水电站建筑物 hydroelectri

34、c station structure水垫塘 cushion basin水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞 hydraulic tunnel水环境 water environment水库吹程 fetch水库浸没 reservoir submersion水库渗漏 reservoir leakage水库坍岸 reservoir bank caving水库淹没 reservoir inundation水力资源 water power resource水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture水利工程 hydraulic engineering，water project水

35、利工程设计 design of hydroproject水利工程枢纽分等 rank of hydraulic complex水利枢纽 hydraulic complex水面线 water level line水能 hydraulic energy水平位移 horizontal displacement水体污染 water pollution水土流失 water and soil loss 水位急降 instantaneous reservoir drawdown水压力 hydraulic pressu水闸 sluice水质 water quality水资源 water resources顺坝

36、longitudinal dike四边形单元 quadrangular element塑性破坏 failure by plastic flow塑性变形 plastic deformation塑性区 plastic range锁坝 closure dike锁定器 dog devicett型墩 t-type pier塌落拱法 roof collapse arch method塔式进水口 tower intake台阶式溢流坝面 step-type overflow face弹塑性理论 elastoplastic theory弹性基础梁 beam on elastic foundation弹性抗力 e

37、lastic resistance弹性中心 elastic centre弹性理论 theory of elasticity特殊荷载组合 special load combination体形优化设计 shape optimizing design挑距 jet trajectory distance挑流消能 ski-jump energy dissipation挑射角 exit angle of jet调压室 surge tank贴坡排水 surface drainage on dam slope通航建筑物 navigation structure通气孔 air hole土工复合材料 geosyn

38、thetic土工膜 geomembrane土工织物 geotexile土石坝 earth-rock dam土压力 earth pressure土质材料斜墙坝 earth-rock dam with inclined soil core土质心墙坝 earth-rock dam with central soil core驼峰堰 hump weir椭圆曲线 elliptical curvewwes型剖面堰 wes curve profile weir外水压力 external water pressure弯矩平衡 moment equilibrium围岩 surrounding rock围岩强度

39、strength of surrounding rock围岩稳定分析围岩压力 surrounding rock pressu帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting维修 maintenance尾水渠 tailwater canal温度缝 temperature joint温度计 thermometer温度应变 temperature strain温度应力 temperature stress温降 temperature drop温升 temperature rise污水处理 sewage treatment无坝取水 undamed intake无粘性土 cohesionless soil无压泄水孔 free-flow outletx下游 downstream现场检查 field inspection橡胶坝 rubber dam消力池 stilling basin消能防冲设计 design of energy dissipation and erosion control消能工 energ