船长大副面试

1、船长是船上最重要的职位，也是各方面要求最高的职位。船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真，最浪费时间，也是最复杂的。作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最长。提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。 下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。其中的部分问题，不但船长必备，其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机

2、长也应该参考一下。 1. Can you tellme about your education background?Please refer to an Masters self-introduction in Part One of this book.实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。 2. What is aclassification society? What is the purpose of classification survey? Pleaselist some famous classif

3、ication societies in the world. A classification society is usually an independentorganization that carries out classification surveys, statutory surveys,surveys related to notarial matters for ships, offshore installations, marinefreight containers, materials and marine equipment. It also provides

4、safetymanagement certification services to shipping companies and their ships. Thepurpose of classification survey is to evaluate the situation of a ship and themanagement of a company and its ship.Some of the famous classification societies are: NK(Japanese日本海事协会),CCS(Chinese classification society

5、), ABS(American), DNV(Norwegian), SL(BritishLloyd英国劳氏), GL(German Lloyd德国劳氏), KR(Korean), RINA(意大利船级社)。 3.Can you talk about the previous vessels worked on board? Please refer to an mastersself-introduction in Part One of this book.实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及你口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外

6、派公司、船东及租船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。 4. What type of cargo was carried on boardyour last vessel?曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时，对你是运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。因为你只有运过某种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考： Bulk cargo: cement, cementclicker, nickel, or

7、e, iron, sand, phosphorus rock, potash in bulk, salt, grain,pet coke, coal etc. General cargo:vehicle, loader, wagon, heavy lifts, over-length cargo, mine equipment, steelconstruction material. Other: log,plywood, container, and so on. 5. Where was your last vessels trading area?Which ports have you

8、 called? I have richexperience in calling the ports in the US, some developing countries and in thepassage through the Suez Canal, Panama Canal, and Denver Strait, and DenmarkStrait. Some useful expressions fortrading areas:全球航线ocean-going, world widely, globally, worldwide;固定航线fixedroute. 6.Can you

9、 tell me the differences between the Chinese stateowned shippingcompanies and foreign shipping companies?Basically, in my opinion, there are not big differences at all. It seemsto me that foreign owners are more concerned about the masters overridingauthority on board while the Chinese shipping comp

10、anies tend to ask their localagents to do more for the vessel. Another major difference between them is thatthe Safety Management System of the Chinese companies is in Chinese and theworking language on board is Chinese. Whats more, most of the Chinese ownersuse the CCS for classification while fore

11、ign owners may use differentclassification societies.各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，关键是不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中国的船东一无是处的话，我们中国船员的素质又会如何。 7.In case of cargo damage, for example, before the vessel arrives at thedischarging port, you find the quality of the surface cargo has changed, howwould you handle it?

12、 I have to look intothe reason and volume of the damage first, and then Ill contact the owner ofinstruction. In the event of small quantity of grain, I shall just throw itinto the sea to avoid disputes. Or I will follow the owners instruction tocontact its the P & I correspondent or local agent for

13、their advice. If necessary, Ill prepare a Sea Protest toclaim that the ship owner and the crew have exercised their due diligence.关于货损方面的处理程序，各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件，上面只是一般的处理原则。 8.How do youunderstand the Masters overriding authority under emergency situations? If the situation and time permit, the Master

14、should always report to the company first before taken actions. However, whenthe ship is in immediate danger, the Master shall exercise his overridingauthority and take whatever actions necessary in dealing with an emergencysituation in order to protect the safety of the seafarers, the cargo, theves

15、sel, the port and the environment without considering too much the demandsof the ship owner and the charterer. Nevertheless, the Master should report tothe company in detail what has happened after the event. 9.Can you tell me about your experience as a Captain?Hints: Your experience may include suc

16、h things as the duration you haveworked as a Captain, the places or ports you have ever been to, the types ofvessels you have ever served, the types of cargo you have ever experienced, thetypes of cargo you have ever experienced, the management styles on the vessels,and so on. Please also refer to c

17、hapterone for more detailed answers. 10.What is the Masters StandingOrder? It is basically the Masters ownset of instructions and orders for the vessels operation. The contents mayinclude the watch-keeping duties for the officers, when to ask for order fromthe master, the port entry procedure, and h

18、ow to deal with emergency situationslike oil pollution, fire disaster, collision, grounding, as well as when tocall the master to the bridge, and so on. For special vessels (tanker, LPG orcar carriers, etc.) the standing orders may have some more contents. The Standing Order is normally found on the

19、first pages of Deck Log Book and in the Bridge Order Book. Besides, somewarnings shall be prominently posted on the bridge and read and signed by allduty officers. 11.How do you understand the importanceof keeping good and harmonious relationship with the Chief Engineer and otherOfficers and Enginee

20、rs? Withoutharmonious relationship with the Chief Engineer and the other officers andengineers, the Master cannot manage the ship well. But how can the Masterachieve it? First of all, the Master must have close contact with thedepartment heads because the daily management is delegated to them althou

21、gh theMaster himself is responsible for the overall safety and personnel management.Secondly, the Master himself must know his job well and know when to do what andhow. Thirdly, the Master should be very strict in himself in discipline andbehavior. Fourthly, he should be fair in job assignment, pay

22、distribution andother daily management. But if someone on board breaks the Masters order orthe rules on purpose, the Masters order or the rules on purpose, the Masterwill have to penalize the offender and can consider firing him according to theprocedure of the ship owner.这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题，可能不同船长有不同的管

23、理经验和办法，但是船东希望船长在这方面有较好的办法。有些船长在回答这类问题时，会不假思索地说：“I will dismiss those who do not listen to me”。我们这样的和船长未免太霸道了。上述答案只是笔者个人见解，公供参考。 12.Did you have the experience ofworking with foreign crews? Yes, I haveworked on four ships of mixed crew from China, China Taiwan, Philippine,Vietnam, Russia, South Korea

24、, Japan, Burma and Ukraine.实事求是。但是，外派资历是外国船东很看中的事，如果你有很好的外派资历，可千万不要错过让船东知道的机会。 13. How doyou differentiate the Chinese crews and the Philippine crews? Or how do youlike the Philippine (Korean, Vietnamese, Indian, Burmese, Ukrainian, Russian,British etc.) seamen? I had theexperience of working with t

25、he Filipino crew. The Filipinos are mostly veryprofessional and obedient. Sometimes they are also demanding in terms of wages.As a whole, they are very nice seafarers.在回答这类问题时，切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处，如果你认为人家什么都不是的话，那么很难想象你在未来的工作中能和人家配合发。何况，不论哪个国家、哪个文化的人都有好人和坏人。要尽量说出人家的长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一个类似“联合国”的工作团队里，能和不同国籍

26、的、不同文化的、不同性格的人相处，显得十分重要。 14. Canyou tell me about the companies you have worked for? What are the differencesamong these companies? The company Ihave worked for the past ten years is a state-owned company. It is a goodcompany. But the management of the company is, in some ways, different fromforeign

27、 shipowners companies.实事求是。同样，也不希望你过多地贬低你曾经工作过的公司，因为既然你憎恨所有原来的公司，你也可能会憎恨你即将服务的新公司。而事情往往是，在船东认为，公司和船东发生冲突时，并不见得你公司的问题，也许是你本人就不适合在原来的公司工作。 15. How isa passage/voyage plan made on board ships? What materials do you need to referto when you make such plans? Usually, apassage plan should be made before a

28、 new voyage starts. The Master should givethe Second Officer the sailing instructions and his intentions on the sailingroutes and before the Second Officer prepares the draft plan. Then the Masteris supposed to check it very carefully. If something wrong is found in thepassage plan, the Master shoul

29、d ask the Second Officer to correct itimmediately. If nothing is wrong about the draft, the plan shall be ratifiedand implemented. When the Second Officeris making the draft plan, the Master should help provide some importantinformation sources for the Second Officer, such as the port entry guidance

30、,the sailing directions, lists of lights, tidal stream tables, deep draughtvessel planning guide, the IMO ship route guidance, government and portauthoritys regulations, pilot charts, notice to mariner, weather information,and the voyage plan and so on. TheMaster should ensure that the plan covers “

31、berth to berth” area in thepassage. And the Master should help the Second Officer to select the bestsailing route that will save fuel and time, and avoid bad weatherconditions. 16. Canyou describe the preparation procedures before entering the US ports? First, I must check all the certificates forth

32、e vessel and the seamen to make sure all the necessary certificates areavailable to deal with the customs clearances, the sanitary checks and otherport checks. In addition, I must prepare such publications as currentlycorrected navigational charts, US costal pilot guide, light list book, lightlist b

33、ook, tide tables, US inland rules of navigation, and recent notice tomariners. Forty-eight hours prior toentry to a US port, I shall conduct the following emergency steering drills andlog them into the record books: operation of the main steering gear fromsteering compartment, communication between

34、bridge and steering compartment,and alternative power supply. I shall also inform the Qualified Individual ofmy arrival. Twenty-four hours beforearrival in a US port, I shall notify the USCG of my ships arrival. Twelve hours prior to arrival in a US port,the following equipment shall be tested and r

35、ecorded in the log book: primaryand second steering gear, internal control communications and alarms,standing-by emergency generator, and main propulsion machinery. Drills are also the priorities of mypreparatory work. Usually, the port authority of the US pays special attentionto the drills. So boa

36、t drills, fire-fighting drills and other drills must becarried out before entering into any US port.Sanitary situation of my ship is another consideration. Proper disposalof garbage on cy ship and anti-pollution devices examination are veryimportant. All in all, much more careshould be taken before

37、entry into any US port than in the ports in othercountries.美国是世界上海事立法最多，也是港口检查最严格的国家之一，熟悉美国有关海事立法和港口国检查要求对一名船长来说非常重要，这也是船东特别关注的问题。 17. Didyou encounter any problems during PSC inspections in the US ports? No, I have never met any big problems becauseI always made good preparation before my vessel ca

38、lled at the US port. Eachtime I was able to go through the PSC inspections smoothly. Or you can say: Yes, I once had a problem during PSCinspection in a US port. The ARPA couldnt be activated since the power supplywas out of work. The USCG only allowed us a few hours to repair it. To theirsatisfacti

39、on, the ARPA was back to normal after only one hour. Luckily wedidnt have any fine imposed on us. I understand from this experience that goodpreparations in advance are very important. Even if there is a problem, I willask my crew to rectify it in the least possible time. 18. Howshould the pre-depar

40、ture seminar be conducted in the port? According to my experience, a safety meetingshall be held prior to departure and some of the important issues like theun-berthing operation (including the deck and engine room), cargo & hulllashing check, stowaway check, cooperation with the pilot and other eng

41、ineering(technical) matters should be discussed at the meeting. 19. Whyshould the Master always be aware of the actions being taken by the pilot? Well, its because the presence of the piloton the bridge does not relieve the Master from taking any measures necessary toassure the safety of the ship an

42、d marine environment. If he finds that thepilots orders are doubtful, the Master has to clarify the orders immediately.When necessary, the Master shall command the ships navigationhimself.引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM体系特别强调的一点，船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。 20. Whatshould the Mater do if he is unsure about his l

43、egal standing in a foreigncountry or a strange port? He mustcontact the company at once for advice. He should also, if necessary, consultthe local correspondent of the owners P & I and thelocal agent of the ship who can provide advice and assistance.绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通，并把一些解决不了或不是很明白的问题及时向他们报告。当

44、然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。 21. Whatshould the Master do if the figures of the loaded quantity are abnormallydifferent from those on the bills of lading?The Master should report the case to the ship owner as soon as possible.At the discretion of the company, the Master should prepare and send a Latte

45、rof Protect to the notary surveyor or terminal/port authority under theinstruction of the ship owner. In such case, the Master should also requirefurther measurements and calculations and calculations to be made. 22. Whatcontents are shown on the Bill of Lading if the ship is loaded with bulkcargo?

46、Usually, the following items areshown on the Bill of Lading (B/L): measure, quality, quantity, condition,contents and valve unknown etc. Different companies may have different formatsfor their respective B/L. A B/L consists of three original copies that have thesame legal validity. The first copy th

47、e consignee shows will deny the validityof the validity of the other two copies. 23. Do youknow the insurance coverage provided by a P & I Club? A P&I Club is a non-profit association ofship owners that provides mutual insurance against maritime risks. It coversthe risks that are not covered by the

48、Hull Insurer, such as personnel illnessand injury, cargo damage, collision with another vessel, stowaways andrefugees, damage to fixed or floating objects, pollution and so on. 24. Couldyou explain what the SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78 are? What is the relationbetween SOLAS 74 and ISM Code? SOLAS isthe

49、 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. It is the mostimportant international convention on the safety of life at sea made and passedby IMO. The ISM Code is listed as Chapter 9of the SOLAS 74. It is to ensuresafety of the ship, the seamen, the port and the cargo, as well as the mari

50、neenvironment. MARPOL 73/78 is theInternational Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution. This is themost important international convention on the protection of marineenvironment. 几个国际公约的名称，特别是全称应该了如指掌。对公约主要条款更应该知道。现在，ISM CODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行的公约，对ISM CODE的目的、主要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。 25. Priort

51、o a ships departure, what tests should be made and logged in the Ships LogBook? Some of the key test to be donebefore sailing:a) Steering gear test b) Ships clocks andengine telegraph tests and harmonizationc) Interval, external and portablecommunication equipment testd) The whistle and navigational

52、 lightstests e)Relevant electronic position-fixing equipment (ARPA, RADAR, GMDSS) test f)Any other tests that the Master thinks necessary 26. Howoften at least should the Emergency Steering Drill be held? It should be held at least every threemonths. But actually, the more often the drill is done, t

53、he better. But before entering into some ports, forexample, in the US where PSC inspections are very strict, it is very importantto have drills prior to entry. 27. How doyou maintain the minimum under keel clearance (MUKC) when the vessel is duringpassage, in fairways and inside ports?During the pas

54、sage, the MUKC should be at least more than 20% of loaddraft; in fairway, 10% of load draft; inside the ports, 10% of load draft, oras regulated by port authority.富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的港口、不同的航区的规定而异，但是，为了确保航行安全，船长应在心中有大致数字。 28. Whatare the Masters responsibilities on garbage disposal? The Master shall ens

55、ure that the posters witha summary of regulations on garbage disposal at sea is clearly displayed in theships galley, on the information boards and in any other places where garbageis collected prior to disposal. The Master shall discuss the subject ofshipboard garbage management with the crew at sa

56、fety meetings. The Master shallcheck the garbage disposal situation on board thoroughly from time to time. TheMaster shall also nominate a specific person in charge of the garbage disposal. 29. Canyou describe the garbage disposal procedures on board your last vessel? How didyou classify the garbage

57、 on board? Foursteps should be followed: collection, processing (separation), storage, anddisposal. The garbage can be dividedinto three kinds: Plastics and plasticmixed with other materials Food andaccommodation waste Other garbage thatcan not be disposed in the sea, e.g. , plastic and plastic mate

58、rials.垃圾的处理涉及到防污染问题。各个公司的ISM手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口造成污染，船东是会受到重罚的。 30. Whatare sensitive cargoes as defined by the P & I Club? The cargoes that are particularly susceptibleto moisture for sensitive cargoes. Special attention is required for sensitivecargoes. The P&I Club defines the following cargoes as sensitive cargoes:cement , grain, and sugar and so on. 31. Beforethe commencement of each voyage, which parts of the vessel should be