四级作文基本句型

1、写作和翻译写作和翻译周乐周乐大学英语四六级作文评分标准大学英语四六级作文评分标准 （注：虽然现在作文不是15分满分，但作文分值仍然占整卷的20%左右） 2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。)

2、评分原则评分原则1、检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求。2、采用总体评分（Global Scoring)方法 阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（reward scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3、 从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合判断。作文应表达题目所规定的内容。评分要考虑文章是否切题，是否清楚而合适地表达思想，语言错误是否造成理解障碍。评分标准（按百分制评判）评分标准（按百分制评判）1、满分15分2、阅卷标准分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分3、档次评分标准 2分， 5分， 8分， 11分，14分”“第一讲：句子的写作与扩展1. 完整句子和句子碎片2. 简单句，

3、复合句，复杂句3. 名词词组5. 标点，大小写6. 句型模仿7. 句子扩展8. 错句修改”“1. 完整句和句子碎片语法上完整的英语句子至少有一个主语和一个谓语动词。如果谓语动词是及物动词，则必须带一个宾语。如果谓语动词是连系动词，则必须带一个表语或补语。e.g. He came. She wrote a letter. Dr. Smith is a professor. 记住句子的基本结构尤其重要，否则，学生会在造句时没有主语，谓语，或两者都没有。e.g. have done it. raining. how to use it? I have done it. It is raining.

4、How do you use it? ”“虽然定语和状语不是句子必不可少的成分，但是它们帮助句子表达的更清晰，完整e.g. He came to the classroom very early. She wrote a long letter to her parents. Dr. Smith is a well-known professor of physics. 完整句的开头首字母必须大写字母（capital letter），结尾必须要用句点（period）。这个原则对中国学生尤其重要。因为在汉语中，经常用逗号（comma）将完整的句子隔开。It was raining hard, t

5、hey could not work in the fields. It was raining hard; They could not work in the fields. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fiels. As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields. ”“2. 简单句，复合句，复杂句简单句有且仅有一个主语，和谓语。但是简单句

6、可以有一个以上的宾语，定语或状语。S 主语 subject V 谓语 verb O 宾语 objectC 补语 complement A 状语 adverbial 定语 attribute 简单句的所有成分（constituents）都是单词或词组，不是分句。 ”“简单句基本句型 simple sentence SV The birds sang. SVA She drove at full speed. SVC He looked(became) angry. He was sad. SVO I bought a book. SVOiO I bought my sister a book.

7、SVOA They sent the parcel by airmail. SVOC They elected him captain. There be. ”“复合句 compound sentence 和简单句不同的是，复合句包含两个以上独立的分句，分句和分句之间用并列连词或分号（；）连接，每个分句的地位是平等的。e.g.The evening came, and the work went on. The evening came, but the work went on. You could work on, or you could go home. There was no re

8、ply; the old womans face was white.复杂句 complex sentence 复合句强调的是句子和句子间地位平等，复杂句则不一样，它通过使用从属结构，明确句子和句子间的逻辑关系。从属分句根据分句的功能来命名。如，主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句，定语从句e.g. i did not know what i could do. (宾从)when i had made an end of these labors, it was four oclock. （状从）简单句中的名词词组名词词组可以有以下修饰：1. 前置修饰the tall, thin, sickly-lo

9、oking man 形容词the college administration building 名词a day-by-day arrangement 副词词组a do-it-yourself book 句子2. 后置修饰skills in writing 介词短语skills to survive 不定式短语skills requiring speed 现在分词短语skills learned at school 过去分词短语skills which require speed 定语从句3. 同位Tom Jones, the general manager the captain, an o

10、ld man famous novelists, for example Dickens and HardyChinese food, particularly Shichuan cuisine He denied the fact that he was guilty. (同位从句)通过给名词词组增加信息，简单句可以变得非常复杂。简单句中的状语状语传达的是时间，地点，方式，限制，因果，让步，条件，程度等概念。状语可以放在句首，句中，句尾。可以有一个或多个状语。状语的形式有：介词短语，to 不定式，-ing短语，-ed短语。状语的顺序1) 修饰谓语的副词+修饰句子的副词(地点状语)2) 小的地

11、点+大的地点（地点状语）He works at a hotel in Shanghai.3) 持续时间+频率+具体时间点（时间状语）He reads for an hour every day in the evening. 4) 方式+手段+工具+施动者 （方式状语）she was dressed in clean white clothes by her mom.5) 限制+方式+地点+时间+逻辑she continued to work on her book at night despite her illness. they went by plane to London to at

12、tend the conference.大写和标点三个地方的首字母要大写： 句子的第一个单词；标题中的关键词；专有名词e.g. I said, “When do you usually go home?”What Can the Artist Do in the World of Today?The People Without a Country Peking University Changan Street Labour Daythe Peoples Republic of China标点使用comma，的情况1. 复合句中，连词之前要用commaWe were tired, and w

13、e decided to have a rest. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2. 状语从句，或短语之后，主语之前When the bell rang, the teacher dismissed the class.To see the importance of this railway, one has to look at the map. 3, 一连串的单词和词组之间The little girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act. 4. 插入语前后Your wo

14、rk, im sorry to say, is not satisfactory. 其他情况yes, i think so. He said, “The Summer Palace is like a fairyland.”“The Summer Palace is like a fairyland,” he said.This factory produced 830,000 bicycles last year.句号 “ . ”1. 在陈述句，祈使句，间接疑问句末尾every student should learn to use the punctuation marks. learn

15、to use the punctuation marks. they asked how the period should be used. 2. 大部分缩写Mr. Mrs. Dr. Ph. D. U. S. A. a.m. p.m.U.K. I.Q. 句型模仿1. 常用句型仿写（1） cannot emphasize the importance of too much.(再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过) （2）There is no denying that + S + V .(不可否认的.) （3）It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界

16、都知道.)（4）There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫无疑问的.) （5）An advantage of is that + 句子 (.的优点是.)（6）The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 (.的原因是.) That is the reason why (那就是.的原因) （7）By +Ving, can (借着.，.能够.) （8）On no account can we + V (我们绝对不能.) （9）It is time + S + 过去式 (该是.的时候了) （10）be + forced/compelled/obliged + t

17、o + V (不得不.) （11）It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的) It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的) （12）For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.(过去.年来，.一直.) （13）Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。 （15）be based on (以.为基础) （16）Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的) （17）be closely related to (与.息息相关) （18）Get into the habit of + Ving （19）Due to/Owing to

18、/Thanks to + N/Ving, (因为.) （20）have a great influence on (对.有很大的影响) （21）do good to (对.有益)，do harm to (对.有害) （22）pose a great threat to (对.造成一大威胁)句子扩展（1）You should quit smoking now.（2）Its better to keep company with the true friends.（3）We can be informed of a lot by reading books.（4）A child with a pr

19、oblem will probably go to his friends for sympathy.（5）Water shortage is a problem.（6）Li Ming is playing football. 句子改错（1）There is a saying goes . （2）There are many people think that. （3）Its the major thing affects peoples friendship. （4）When we have difficulty, someone helps you right away is the re

20、al friend. （5）Friendship is important for no matter rich people or poor people. （6）People are not sure that whether. （7）If people become friends, both of them wont care about money. （8）In my opinion, I agree with the view that. （9）share many common interests （10）Some people believe that financial di

21、sparity affects friendship. Some believe that financial disparity doesnt affect friendship. For my part, I agree with the latter, because financial disparity doesnt affect friendship. 14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误。ExampleFree Admission to Museums?1. 越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是目的是2. 有人认为这样

22、做会带来一些问题有人认为这样做会带来一些问题3. 在我看来在我看来 Nowadays, more and more museums are open to the public for free. Free admissions to museums will motivate peoples interests in history, arts and science. In this way, museums can provide people with easier access to knowledge, which is of vital importance for the wh

23、ole nation. However, some people hold that free admissions to museums can bring about many problems. Since anybody can enter a museum without paying, the museum can be overcrowded and it will be a difficult job for museums to maintain their collections. Besides, museums will face financial problems

24、since they cant make profits from the admission fee. Due to the decrease in profits, museums have less motivation to up-date their collections and out-of-date museums cant avoid the fate to close up in the long run. In my opinion, free admissions to museums are good for the public, but on the other

25、hand they may pose problems to the museum management. Governments should provide help to museums and guide them to serve the public better.第二部分 翻译1. 题型介绍2. 如何备考3. 答题步骤4. 评分标准5. 范例分析题型介绍题型介绍翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间考试时间30分钟。题型为段落汉译英。翻译分钟。题型为段落汉译英。翻

26、译内容涉及中国的历史，文化，经济，社会发内容涉及中国的历史，文化，经济，社会发展等。长度为展等。长度为140160个汉字。个汉字。如何备考如何备考1. 扩大阅读面，夯实基础。考生可以重点阅扩大阅读面，夯实基础。考生可以重点阅读和中国历史，文化，经济及社会发展等相读和中国历史，文化，经济及社会发展等相关英语文章及报刊。如关英语文章及报刊。如China Daily, 21st Century2. 积累词汇。尤其是历史文化类和具有积累词汇。尤其是历史文化类和具有中国特色的名词。中国特色的名词。3. 重视语法基础。重视语法基础。4. 增加适应性练习。增加适应性练习。答题步骤答题步骤1. 通读全文，理解全文。（通读全文，理解全文。（12分钟）分钟）2. 逐句翻译。四级段落汉译英一般是逐句翻译。四级段落汉译英一般是58句，句， 每一句的翻译仍需遵循每一句的翻译仍需遵循“理解原理解原文文表达译文表达译文”的翻译原理，此外，句间的翻译原理，此外，句间的衔接需要处理好。（的衔接需要处理好。（20分钟）分钟）3. 修改校对。仔细检查译文单词拼写，时修改校对。仔细检查译文单词拼写，时态，动词形式