外文文献及翻译：施工项目进度控制的关键问题Constructionofkeyproblemsofprojectprogresscontrol

1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译施工项目进度控制的关键问题院（系、部）名 称 ： 专 业 名 称： 学 生 姓 名： 学 生 学 号： 指 导 教 师： 2012年 01月 06 日教务处制Construction of key problems of project progress controlAbstractConstruction progress was one of the three objectives of the project which is an important component of project management. Reasonable, scienti

2、fic, efficiency of project construction schedule is the key to achieve the project objectives control. Only during the preparation stage, stage of progress of the programmer design stage, plans and implementation of construction and other links, taking full account of the favorable factors, rational

3、 coordination of limited resources, can eventually achieve the progress required by the target, to create advanced, civilization and construction process and lay a solid material foundation.Keywords: Construction projects; Progress control; Key issuesProgress, investment, quality is the three object

4、ives of the project; there is a relationship of mutual dependence and mutual restriction between them. Project schedule control is an important component of project management and is to ensure that project objectives control is complete the prerequisite for the realization of, to ensure the project

5、duration, the rational use of resources, and lower costs, to prevent plan changes too big and important guarantee for improving the efficiency of project. Management should focus on the following aspects:1. Attaches great importance to project construction preparationProject preparation is an import

6、ant component of construction production, and it is intended to project goals, resource supply and selection of construction plan, spatial layout and the various aspects of time and manpower arrangement. It also is the fundamental guarantee for the smooth conduct of civil engineering construction an

7、d equipment installation. Therefore, preparing carefully for technical before construction, materials, labor organizations preparation and over-the-counter preparations for construction site preparation, has an important effect on rational supplying resources to speed up the construction speed, impr

8、oving project quality ensuring construction safety and winning social reputation .To strengthen the project progress control, you must attach great importance to the project preparation, preparation before construction. 2. Deployment and construction of construction programmingConstructions of compr

9、ehensive arrangements for the deployment project as a whole is, and makes decisions on major strategic issues in construction. Prefect of construction deployment is effective control engineering progress, guarantees engineering quality, and saves engineering investment of primary protection, and its

10、 preparation should reflect reasonable of organization arrangements and task division, and establish proven of, and reasonable running of Project Manager sector; personnel of set and the division should do full mobilization its enthusiasm, and make of professional play; established of specialization

11、 construction organization system and for engineering min package; division construction stage, determines staging batch construction, and commissioning of arrangements and main project and interspersed project. In addition to the deployment consists of perfect construction, preparation of reasonabl

12、e construction plan, to ensure the effective progress of the project, construction readiness planning should also been included the development specification. Main site-wide preparations, includes materials for ideological, organizational preparation, technical preparation, and so on. Major items of

13、 works or the main unit of engineering and special projects should be developed in the construction organization to design its construction programmed. The aim is the preparation of technical and also for the construction of well under way and provides a basis for rational arrangement of the project

14、 site. Therefore, you should calculate the quantity to determine the process, select the commandments and main construction method of large construction machine.Engineering determination of the order, need to be constructed by stages and in groups. It should be the first underground and then the gro

15、und, after the first deep-shallow, after the first line, extension, underground pipeline construction, with the supply of various types of material and technical conditions and should be balanced and rational utilization of these resources between coordinated construction of promoting balanced.3. In

16、 accordance with the contracts duration requirements, well construction progress controlAccording to the duration of the contract to complete construction, both contract requirements are also objects to achieve business goals. In this connection, the construction units (owners) with the construction

17、 unit of the interests of both sides are fully consistent. Therefore, strengthening construction progress control ensures that the duration of the contract performance is a project manager and main content of the basic duties. Plan is a prerequisite for control, if has not it will be out of control

18、which is to compare actual and planned values, identify deviations during, and for feedback adjustment. Preparation of construction progress plan to control the duration value is determined, and come up with a guarantee scheme implementation of effective measures to guarantee the duration planned co

19、mpletion of the contract period.Preparation of progress is to decide what to when to do, or when the progress of the project to do what extent. Whatever is the process of the project itself, or with other construction-related work, should be integrated into the schedule to, or, whose progress you wa

20、nt to make a schedule. Types of project schedule classification based on content is targeted schemes and support schemes. Schedule for the project itself is the most basic goal plan that determines the duration of the project goals. In order to achieve this goal, you have a range of support plans, s

21、uch as planning material usage, working capital planning material usage, and equipment use plans, labor use plan to use plan, semi-finished products and components, and so on. Control the length of time it came from overall progress plan and phase plan. Total progress scheme control the whole proces

22、s of project construction, and phased plan includes the project construction progress plan and ten-years, quarters, months, weeks of job schedules, and so on. It has a text plan-plan with a chart from the expressions. The former is with a text description of each stage of construction, and the image

23、 of progress to achieve requirements; the latter is with image and simple charts to express the construction schedule. As far as I know, bar is the most commonly used scheme, network planning, and slash-type scheme. It has overall progress plan and the partition plan from the scope of management. Ma

24、ster plans are project-oriented global strategy progress of the plan, generally cruder. While the plan is for a bottle gourd or Project Professional progress of the work plan, generally more detailed.4. Preparation of project schedule a. This project of project contract. Provision is to determine th

25、e duration of the contract duration in planned value basis. Project start and completion dates stipulated in the contract, must be implemented by schedule. Schedule of the ultimate goal is through reasonable progress design, to guarantee duration completed on time.b. Construction of enterprise produ

26、ction and management of reasonable plan. Through the construction of enterprise production and management of rational planning, to ensure project efficiency, is the major component of the plan. Obeying the business principle of guidance and meeting the requirements of enterprise balance achieve the

27、best interests of the enterprise.c. Drawing information. Drawing information is the basis and premise of rational design of construction schemes for construction. Construction progress plan must be linked with the progress of the design plan, and must be based on the date of delivery number agreemen

28、t to arrange the appropriate part of the construction time, which is also a good way of construction risk prevention and guarantee construction quality.d. Construction organization design of this project is one of the strong basis for the preparation of project scheduling. This information defines c

29、onstruction capacity deployment and method of construction and reflects the construction characteristics of the project, which forms the basis of targets at various stages in the process of determining construction plans.e. Materials and equipment supply plan. If you already have on the material and

30、 equipment and turnover material supply plan, the construction progress plan must be coordinated with the project. In addition to the above five points making progress on a project plans as the basis for the main consideration, you should be aware of information about site construction conditions, i

31、ncluding hydrological, climate and environmental data in the field of construction and transportation conditions, energy supply, auxiliary production capacity. Also prior to the preparation of project construction progress plan, similar to an already built or actual construction schedule needs to be

32、 collected, and you should serious analysis, organize, list control constraint, clear the influence of duration to achieve mandatory time limits, for the preparation of project progress as well prepared.5. The project progress plan optimization a. Adjusting the construction period. Each project is c

33、omposed of many processes, the water segment of the construction have the same number of processes, each procedure is not identical in the various construction stages of the construction period, it is the importance of adjusting the construction period that how to choose a scientific and rational co

34、nstruction process. Construction technology that determined by the fixed construction technology can not be changed, but the order of the construction stage can be changed, Choosing a different order of construction of water, the total duration of the entire construction will be changed accordingly.

35、 Therefore you need to find the shortest period of construction of water to optimize the order program for implementation.b. A balanced use of resources. In preparing the construction schedule, you must take into account the optimization of resources into account. It not only requires the resources

36、you plan to use less than the actual supply of resources, but also tries to do the balance of resource conservation use. You should make resources available for the use of control within the available supply and the amount of resources to use every day similar. If resource usage is balanced, resourc

37、e usage peak is smaller and resources funding is less, also thus economic benefits will certainly be enhanced accordingly. For the human and material resources, if the construction plans of arrangement to take full advantage of them and let every single day of the entire plan period to achieve effic

38、iency, the amount of resources used in this plan is balanced and the economic benefits will be good.c. Optimize the cost of the project. Adopting a different construction of water order, the project cost will vary in engineering construction. Seeking the lowest cost solution to reduce costs is an im

39、portant part of the construction. The cost of the project includes the two parts: direct and indirect costs. Generally speaking, low direct costs of the construction sequence, the duration will be longer. In order to shorten the duration, the need to use more efficient construction machinery or cons

40、truction process so that direct costs will tend to increase. If efficiency does not change, you need more manpower or material resources, and increase the input of one-time costs, which will inevitably lead to increase in direct costs. Almost you always give high priority to increase the cost of les

41、s and can shorten the duration of the order. However, if shorten duration, you will increase the direct costs of inputs. Indirect costs and construction of the relationship is not close, and the basic fixed expenses occur every day.6. Organization of water construction methodAnother important means

42、of ensuring project progress on a project is construction of rational flow. Water construction is continuous job, and it can save work time, which is relative to “turn job”, The means of achieving savings is “take received”, and the premise of take received is segment area; it can have rhythm to con

43、struction, and the time of the workers to work is a certain degree of regularity, which can bring good of construction along the continued, the harmonious of construction atmosphere, considerable of economic benefits and improve productivity.Project schedule control of more than a few issues, indica

44、tes that the schedule control process does not happen overnight so the enterprise integration should as a whole to consider elements of integration and management system. In the specific work, should pay attention to giving play to promote integration of favorable factors and avoid integration or co

45、ordination to prevent the adverse factors and pay attention to practical results and advancing as planned gradually.摘 要工程施工进度是工程项目的三大目标之一，是工程项目管理的重要组成部分。合理的、科学的、讲求效率的工程项目施工进度是保证工程项目目标控制得以实现的前提。只有在准备阶段、方案设计阶段、进度计划阶段以及施工组织实施等各个环节，考虑各项有利因素，合理协调有限资源，才能最终达到要求的进度目标，为创建先进的、文明的施工过程打下牢固的物质基础。关键词：施工项目；进度控制；关键

46、问题进度、投资、质量是工程项目的三大目标，它们之间有着相互依赖和相互制约的关系。工程项目进度控制是工程项目管理的重要组成部分，是保证工程项目目标控制是否完全实现的前提，是保证工程工期、资源合理利用、降低成本、防止计划变化太大、提高整个工程项目管理效益的重要保障。要做到有效控制建筑工程进度，应注重以下几个方面的管理：一 高度重视工程项目施工准备工程项目施工准备是施工生产的重要组成部分，是对工程目标，资源供应和施工方案的选择，及其空间布置和时间排列等诸方面统筹安排，是土建施工和设备安装得以顺利进行的根本保证。因此，认真做好施工前的技术准备、物资准备、劳动组织准备、施工现场准备、施工场外准备等，对合

47、理供应资源加快施工速度，提高工程质量,确保施工安全，赢得社会信誉都有重要作用，要加强工程项目进度控制，就必须高度重视工程项目准备，做好施工前准备。二 施工部署和施工方案的编制施工部署是对整个工程项目进行的全面安排，并对工程施工中的重大战略问题进行决策。完善的施工部署，是有效控制工程进度、保证工程质量、节约工程投资的首要保障，它的编制应体现合理的组织安排和任务分工，建立行之有效的、合理运转的项目经理部门；人员的设置及分工应做到充分调动其积极性，并使之专业得到发挥；建立的专业化施工组织体系和进行工程分包；划分施工阶段，确定分期分批施工、交工的安排及其主攻项目和穿插项目。除了组成完善的施工部署，编制

48、合理的施工方案，要保证有效的工程进度，还应包括拟定规范的施工准备工作规划。主要指全现场的准备，包括思想准备、组织准备、技术准备、等。对于主要的单项工程或主要的单位工程及特殊的分项工程，应在施工组织总设计中拟定其施工方案，其目的是进行技术和资源的准备工作,也为工程施工的顺利开展和工程现场的合理布置提供依据。因此，应计算其工程量，确定工艺流程，选择大型施工机诫和主要施工方法等。工程开展顺序的确定，要分期分批施工，应按先地下、后地上，先深后浅，先干线、后支线,地下的管线先施工，应当与各类物资及技术条件供应之间的平衡以及合理利用这些资源相协调,促进均衡施工。三 按照项目合同工期要求，作好施工进度控制按

49、合同工期，完成施工任务，这既是合同要求也是实现企业经营目标的需要。在这一点上，建设单位(业主)同施工单位双方的利益是完全一致的。因此，加强施工进度控制，确保合同工期履约是项目经理的基本职责和主要工作内容。计划是控制的前提，没有计划，就谈不上控制，控制就是将实际值与计划值进行比较，找出期间的偏差，然后进行反馈调整。编制施工进度计划，就是确定一个控制工期的计划值，制定出保证计划实现的有效措施，保证工期计划合同工期的完成。编制进度就是决定什么时候做什么事情，或者什么时候工程进度到什么程度。无论是项目自身的各道工序，还是与施工有关的其他工作，都应纳入进度计划之中去，或者说，都要对其进度做出计划安排。项

50、目进度计划的种类,根据内容划分，有目标性计划与支持性计划。针对项目施工本身的进度计划是最基本的目标性计划，它确定了该项目施工的工期目标。为了实现这个目标,要有一系列的支持性计划，如材料使用计划，周转材料使用计划，机械设备使用计划,劳动力使用计划以及构件、半成品使用计划等等。从时间控制长短来分，有总进度计划与阶段性计划。总进度计划控制项目施工的全过程，而阶段性计划包括本项目的年、季、月施工进度计划和旬、周的作业进度计划等。从表达形式来分，有文字说明计划与图表式计划。前者用文字说明各阶段的施工任务，以及要达到的形象进度要求；后者用形象而简洁的图表来表达施工的进度安排。据笔者所知，最常用的是横道计划、网络计划、斜线式计划等。从管理范围来分，有总体进度计划与分区进度计划。总体计划是面向项目全局的战略性进度计划安排，一般比较粗略。而分区计划则是针对项目中的某一部分或一个专业工种的进度计划，一般比较详细。四 项目进度计划的编制（一）本项目的工程承包合同。合同中工期的规定是确定工期计划值的基本依据，合同规定的工