中国传统文化(英文)

1、Amazing Land ChinaScenic spots in China The Imperial PalaceThe Great Wall TaishanThe Huangdi MausoleumBeautiful China China is one of the Four Ancient Civilizations (alongside Babylon, India and Egypt), according to Chinese scholar Liang Qichao (1900). It boasts a vast geographic expanse, 3,600 year

2、s of written history, as well as a rich and profound culture. Many aspects of Chinese culture can be traced back many centuries ago. Chinese culture is so diverse and unique, yet harmoniously blended, and presents itself an invaluable asset to the world. Chinese CivilizationOracle one of the oldest

3、language in the worldDescendants of the DragonChinese Arts and CraftsIt is common knowledge that China has a long history and gloriousl:ris (光荣的光荣的 ) history in both arts and traditional crafts. Chinese art, like Chinese literature, goes back many centuries. Early themes were developed from religiou

4、srilids(宗教的宗教的) and supernatural (超自然的超自然的 )beliefs or from the natural environment and landscape. The arts and crafts are not only the embodiment imbdimnt(体现体现) of the peoples longing for aesthetic i:setik(审美的审美的) beauty for themselves and as gifts for others, but also great treasures for China and

5、 the rest of the world. Chinese Painting is divided into three genres(流派流派) - figures, landscapes, and birds-and-flowers and each type has its distinctive characteristics. In addition, difficult skills are required to the painters of Chinese painting. The tools used in traditional Chinese painting a

6、re paintbrush(毛笔), ink, traditional paint and special paper or silk. Bathing Horses by Zhao Mengfu (赵孟頫赵孟頫 )Chinese Pottery may be the oldest artwork（艺术品艺术品) of human beings. As far back as the Neolithic,ni:uliik Age(新石器时代新石器时代) (more than 8,000 years ago), people began mixing(v. 混合混合) clay and wate

7、r then baking it until it held its shape. Ancient people attached the word pottery to their discovery and used it to create various vessels(容器容器) and tools to improve the quality of life. Over the course of thousands of years, pottery became dominantdminnt(支支配的配的) wares in peoples daily life: used t

8、o cook, to store things, and to hold cuisine or waters as dishes.A basin with the pattern of human face and fish, Neolithic AgeAs time passed, the technique became more and more consummate(至上的至上的 ). Different kinds of pottery appeared in different times and regions. Yangshao Culture, 5,000 - 7,000 y

9、ears ago to today, developed a technique for painted pottery. Qujialing Culture and Longshan Culture, dating back about 4,000 years ago, were known for their black pottery. During the Shang Dynasty (16th - 11th century BC) bronze vessels grew into somewhat(几分几分) of a status symbol(社会地位象征社会地位象征) ; co

10、mmon people, though, still used traditional clay pottery. Workshops of grey and white potters took the artistic features of bronze wares(商品商品) and decorated their articles ornately. a pottery from Yangshao CulturePaper-cuting is a very distinctive visual art(视觉艺术视觉艺术) of Chinese handicrafts(手工艺手工艺)

11、. It originated from(发源于发源于) the 6th century when women used to paste(张贴张贴) golden and silver foil(银箔银箔) cuttings onto their hair at the temples, and men used them in sacred rituals（神圣的仪式）神圣的仪式）. Later, they were used during festivals to decorate gates and windows. After hundreds of years developmen

12、t, now they have become a very popular means of decoration among country folk, especially women.The main cutting tools are simple: paper and scissorssizz（剪刀）剪刀） or an engravinginreivi（雕刻）雕刻） knife, but clever and deft（灵巧的）灵巧的） craftspeople are remarkably（显著地）显著地） good at cutting in the theme of dail

13、y life. When you look at items made in this method carefully, you will be amazed by the true to life expressions of the figures sentiment and appearance, or portrayalp:treil（描绘）描绘） of natural plants and animals diverse gestures（姿姿态）态） . Patterns of chrysanthemum display the curling petals（卷曲的花瓣）卷曲的花

14、瓣）, pied magpies（喜鹊）喜鹊） show their tiny feathers and others such as a married daughter returning to her parents home, or young people paying a New Year call to their grandparents.Peking Opera and Local Operas China boasts（以有以有而自豪）而自豪） more than 300 forms of traditional opera, of which Peking Opera i

15、s the most popular. Peking opera was evolved from（由由进化）进化） the Kunqu Opera, an even more ancient art of drama. The latter was listed among the first batch of mankinds representative works of oral and nonmaterial ,nnmtiril（非物质非物质的）的） heritageheritid（遗产）遗产） by the UNESCOju:nesku（联合国教科文组织）联合国教科文组织） in

16、May 2001. Peking Opera as a unique art combining singing, music, chanting（念咒）念咒） , dancing and martial arts into one, took shape in the early 19th century in Beijing. In the over 200 years of performance practice, Peking Opera has developed characteristic types of meter in music and stylized stailai

17、zd（风格化） movements of performers, as well as more than 1,000 routines（惯例）惯例） in the repertoirereptw:（全部节目）全部节目） . Succeeding（随后的）随后的） a group of outstanding Peking Opera actors and actresses, including Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Ma Lianliang, Zhou Xinfang and Du Jinfang, young artists are constantly

18、breathing new life into Peking Opera. The emergenceim:dns （展露）展露）of young actors and actresses with beautiful, elegant stage appearances, such as Wang Rongrong and Yu Kuizhi, since the 1990s has demonstrated（证明）证明） that Peking Opera has qualified successors（合格的继承人）合格的继承人）Local operas have made conti

19、nuous reforms on the basis of keeping their basic traditions. Popular local operas include Yueju (Shaoxing Opera from Zhejiang), Huangmeixi (from Anhui), Chuanju (Sichuan Opera), Yuju (Henan Opera), and Yueju (Guangdong Opera). Tibetan Opera has a religious tinge（宗教的味道）宗教的味道） and is imbued with（灌输）灌

20、输） Tibetan ethnicenik（种族的）种族的） folklorefukl:（民间传说）（民间传说） . It is bold（大胆的大胆的) and unconstrained(不受约束的不受约束的) , and is becoming more and more popular both at home and abroad. In addition, modern drama introduced from foreign countries has been developed considerably over the past few decades. Teahouse

21、, created and performed by the Beijing Peoples Art Theater, has become the representative work of the Chinese modern drama, arousing(激激发发 )wide attention both at home and abroad. Chinese food culture China covers a large territory(领土领土) and has many nationalities, So Chinese food have different but

22、fantastic and mouthwatering(令人垂涎的令人垂涎的) flavors. Chinese local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Sh

23、anghai Cuisine and Beijing Cuisine.Eight cuisines in China1.Shandong Cuisine2.Jiangsu cuisine3.Hunan cuisine4.Anhui Cuisine5.Sichuan Cuisine6.Guangdong Cuisine7.Fujian Cuisine8.Zhejiang CuisineShandong cuisine Shandong cuisine is consisted of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, It is characterized b

24、y its emphasisemfsis(着重于) on aroma, freshness, crispness(易碎易碎) and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasoningssi:zniz(调味调味品品 ) , so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent(辛辣的) usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, fryi

25、ng and stir-frying ,while Jiaodong cuisine is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. Dezhou braised chicken Shandong is a large peninsulapininsjul （半岛）半岛）surrounded by the sea to the east and the Yellow River meandering（曲折的曲折的 ） through the center. As a result, seafood is a major com

26、ponent of Shandong cuisine. Shandongs most famous dish is the Sweet and Sour Carp（糖醋鲤鱼）糖醋鲤鱼）. A truly authentic Sweet and Sour Carp must come from the Yellow River. The dishes are mainly clear, fresh and fatty, perfect with Shandongs own famous beer, Qingdao Beer.The Shandong characteristic snackSwe

27、at and sour carp Shandong is the birthplace of many famous ancient scholars（学者们）学者们） such as Confucious and Mencius. So the history of Shandong cuisine is as old as Confucious himself, making it the oldest existing major cuisine in China. Sichuan Cuisine Sichuan Cuisine is one of the most famous Chi

28、nese cuisines in the world.Which is Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, It emphasizes on the use of chili. Besides, garlic, ginger（姜）姜） and fermented soybean（豆瓣酱）豆瓣酱） are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients（材料）材料） , while frying,

29、 frying without oil, pickling and braising are applied as basic cooking techniques. It cannot be said that one who does not experience Sichuan food ever reaches China (没有品没有品尝过四川菜的人不算来过中国）尝过四川菜的人不算来过中国）.Hot Pot 火锅火锅Mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐麻婆豆腐Guangdong Cuisine Guangdong cuisine tastes clear, light, crisp脆的 an

30、d fresh. It usually chooses raptors and beasts to produce originative（有创作力的）有创作力的） dishes. Its basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, deep-frying, braising and steaming. Among them steaming and stir-frying are more commonly applied to preserve the natural flavor. Guangdong chefs also pay much attention to the artistic presentation of dishes. Sliced cold chicken白斩鸡白斩鸡 Roasted Suckling Pig 烤乳猪烤乳猪 Jiangsu Cuisine Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower rea