初中英语八种时态归纳复习

1、 【动 词 】动词的分类： 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（行为动词）、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。实义动词有完整的词义，能单独做谓语根据用法，可分为及物动词（vt.后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语）和不及物动词（vi不能直接跟名词或代词，加宾语时必须加介词）。同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）但也有一些动词只能用做及物动词，如：visit, ask

2、, win, tell, answer, feel, serve, marry, discuss, beat, reach, kill, drop 等而下列一些动词通常情况下只能用做不及物动词：reply (to), return (to), point (to, at), knock (at, on, into), wait (for), listen (to), arrive (at, to), fall (down, off), look (at, after)2连系动词（Link Verb）它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

3、常见的连系动词有：be, feel,become, look, smell,seem, taste, sound, keep,其它一些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词：fall ill / asleep,grow worse,turn red, get lost,keep healthy等3.助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作句子的谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语主要帮助句子构成否定、疑问以及动词的不同时态、语态等语法特征。常见的助动词有：be, do (does, did), have / has, had, will, would 等。4.情态动词：本身有一定的词义，单不能单独做谓语，后

4、面必须跟其它动词的原形，表示说话人的语气和态度；常见的情态动词有：can (could), may(might), must, need 等。（详细用法见讲义-情态动词专项）动词和动词短语辨析：arrive,reach,get;borrow,lend,keep;dress,puton,wear;see,look,watch,read;bring,take,fetch;spend,pay,cost;speak,say,talk,tell;lose,fail,beat,win;lose,forget,leave;join,take part in,attend;listen to,hear;loo

5、k for,find;die,dead,death,dying;think of,think about,think over二、动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。 单词尾巴变化规则：动词的现在分词的变化规则（动词-ing 的构成）1.一般在词尾加ing，如：read-reading look-looking 2.以不发音的结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing,如:

6、take-taking have-having make-making close-closing3.以“一个元音+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing。 如： sit-sitting run-running swim-swimming shop-shopping put-putting set-setting stop-stopping begin-beginning get -getting cut-cutting dig-digging4、特殊变化：变ie为y，加ing：lie-lying （躺, 撒谎） tietying （领带、绑） die- dying (

7、死)动词第三人称单数的变化规则一般动词尾加-s。 -s在清音后读s，在浊音或元音后读z.如work-works, write-writes.以s, x, ch, sh,结尾的,后加-es,-es读/iz/ guesses,mixes,finishes,catches以辅音字母+o结尾，一般加-es， -es读z。 go-goes,do-does辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-es，-ies读iz。study-studies特殊词例外。如：be is，have has动词过去式与过去分词变化规则一般直接加ed,work-worked以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i,再加ed:carry

8、-carried,study-studied,hurry-hurried以e结尾的动词，直接加d:live-lived,care-cared双写尾字母，加ed:stop-stopped,plan-planned,shop-shopped三、动词的八大时态：时态结构时态结构一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数）一般过去时动词的过去式现在进行时am / is / are动词的ing过去进行时was / were动词的ing一般将来时will 动词原形am/ is / are+going to动词原形过去将来时would动词原形was / were going to动词原形现在完成时have / has

9、 过去分词过去完成时had过去分词*go, come, arrive, leave, move, die等动词的进行时态可以表示对应的将来时态。【初中英语八种时态归纳复习】一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, 基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原

10、行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语标志词：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, this morning,etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/wer

11、e+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语标志词：now, right now,at this moment,at this time, these days,look,listen,Its 6 oclock, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状

12、语标志词：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语标志词：already,yet,never,ever,recently, lately, since,for,in the past few years, all ones life,once,etc.基本结构

13、：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语标志词：before, by the end of last year(term, month),by last week,例句：He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。

14、七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语标志词：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, in the future,this weekend,this evening.基本结构：am/is/are+going to do；will + do.否定形式：am/is/are + not+going to do wont+do一般疑问句：am/is/are放于句首；will提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一

15、时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语标志词：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.例句：He said he would buy some fruit for his sister.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。【中考英语专项复习-现在完成时】一、现在完成时的

16、基本结构：have/has（助动词）+过去分词(done)二、现在完成时的各种句式：1.陈述句：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。I have cleaned my bedroom.2.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。I havent cleaned my bedroom.3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分词其他成分？Have you cleaned your bedroom?4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？5.反意疑问句：借助于助动词have/has来完成反意疑问句。例如：They have lived that village

17、for ten years, havent they ?三、现在完成时的用法：.“完成法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志性词：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、so far(=up to nowtill nowby now)、these days等。2.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来。 时间状语：for一段时间；since过去点时间。Ive known Li Lei for three days .They have lived here since 1996.3.其他标志词

18、：recently,lately,once/twice/ three times ,all ones life,in the past +段时间during the last +段时间注意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. (2)since + 时间点for时间段 since 2000=for 14 years(3) since+从句(常用

19、一般过去时) The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris.(4)It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句。自从某事发生已有一段时间了.It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 四正确运用have/has been to,have/has gone to,和have/has been in 三种结构。6. have/has been to表示“过去曾去过某地”，但现在已经回来了。7. have/h

20、as gone to表示“已去了某地”，现在还没有回来。8. have/has been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。五中考考点：考点一：考查基本概念 例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上

21、两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案。考点二：考查时间状语 例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 例2. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类： 现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。 现在完成时常与recently，so far（到目前为止），in the p

22、ast/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。 现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。 现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1.These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . d

23、id they go . do they go . have they gone 例2._ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished.will ; do ; finish 简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在

24、完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。一般过去时表示纯粹在过去发生的事情。现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响。故两个例题的正确答案为B。现在完成时和一般过去时的比较两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。Who turned on the light? 谁开的灯？ (着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。)Who has turned on the light

25、? 谁把灯打开了？ (着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。)两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。 (现在仍住那儿。)He lived in Beijing for four years. 他曾在北京住了四年。 (现在不住那儿了。)考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法 例1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 例

26、2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 例3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived简析：英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词)，如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于

27、一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。例如: Ive left Shanghai for three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.().I left Shanghai three days ago. () It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.()现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一

28、段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下：22个11closebe closed, put onwear,openbe open,get upbe up, finish/endbe over,losebe lost , marrybe married(to), get to know know; fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep(sleep),wake up-be awake,come/arrivebe here/in,come/get backbe back,go/leave-be away,becomebe,bo

29、rrow keep,buyhave,begin/startbe on,diebe dead , joinbe in/be a member of, catch a cold have a cold,lose-not have延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,举例说明：1.He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the

30、motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years.7. The film bega

31、n 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the arm

32、y for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 【中考英语专项复习动词的被动语态】（一）语态：英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是

33、通过be的变化表现时态被动语态结构一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done一般将来时shall/will/be going to be done过去将来时would be done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例

34、如：Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. A tree was

35、 cut down by him.（五） 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2）在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen t

36、o walk into the building.（六）常见的句型结构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.It is(was)well known that.众所周知It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered that.务必记住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说

37、、告知、建议.)【中考英语专项复习-情态动词】情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等。但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带to的不定式（即动词原形）连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。有些情态动词没有过去式，如must；有些有过去式，如：can-could,may-might,shall-should,will-would,have to-had to情态动词的否定一般在它们的后面加否定词not构成。一.情态动词的用法1. can 用法1)表示能力，与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。注

38、：Can you ? Yes, I can / No,I cant.2).表示允许、请求用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could I /you .?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could .Could I borrow the book ? No, you cant .3) .表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(cant表示一定不是)2. may 用法1)表允许，请求= can(两者可互换)表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。注：May I .? Yes ,you may No, you cant / mustnt .在回答以may引起的问句时，多避

39、免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.2)表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。Maybe he knows the news .= He _ _ the news.3) 表祝愿May you succeed!3. must1)表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。We must do everything step by step.注：Must I .? Yes, you must / No,you neednt(=dont have to ).“不必”-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now?-No, you need

40、nt. / No, you dont have to.2)mustnt 表禁止、不允许。You mustnt talk to her like that.3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .He must be ill. He looks so pale.Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。There must be something wrong ,_ _?4.need的用法need既可用作

41、情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1).用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。a).Need I .? Yes , you must / No, you neednt .Need we finish the work today ?Yes you _?A.need B.can C. may D.mustb).need + do sth . 变否定句：neednt do sth变疑问句：Need sb do sth ?2).用作实义动词a).need + to do sth . We need _(buy) some school t

42、hings .变否定句：dont /doesnt /didnt +need to do sth .变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?Yes , do/ does / did No, sb dont / doesnt /didnt .You dont need to do it yourself.b).当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .The table needs painting . =The table needs _ _ _ .5.had better 的用法1). had

43、 better + 动词原形 = Its best to do sth .You had better _ (stay )at home . = _ _ _ stay at home .2). Had better not +动词原形We had better _(not play ) the computer games .6. shall(should),will(would)的用法1) .shall用于第一人称表示征求意见、询问。例如：Shall I open the window?2) should常用于表示义务、责任。如：We should obey traffic laws.3)

44、will用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。如：Will you pass me the book?4) would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。如：Would you tell me the way to the station?7.must 与have to1).一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to2).must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原因)have to “必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)I cant stop playing the computer games .

45、For your health ,Im afraid you _.A.can B.may C.must D.had to三.情态动词的同义转换.1.can = be able to2.must = have to3.neednt = dont have to4.need do sth = need to do sth .4、 总结三个推测：must,cant,may三个否定：shouldnt,neednt,mustnt【中考英语专项复习-非谓语动词】在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。中考非谓语动

46、词总结：一后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况1.动词： finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；practice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持续做某事 devote to doing献身于某事，置身于某事2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy d

47、oing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficulty/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in d

48、oing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth与相比较更喜欢； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为做贡献二后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况1.动词：agree to do同意去做；

49、afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；expect to do期望去做；manage to do 设法处理去做hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth. 喜欢做某事；sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth. 想做；

50、used to do sth. 过去常做某事;encourage sb to do鼓励某人去做某事2.句型：allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶be afraid

51、to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited to do sth. 对做感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会Its + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样Its +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time/money