(完整word版)外研版必修一module5知识详解

1、（必修一） MODULE 5 . 单词荟萃1._n混合物 mix v. 混合_ adj. ( 男女 )混合的2._n电 electrical adj. 与电有关的，用电的 electric adj. 电的， 发电的3._n结论 conclude v推断出，断定， 作结论4._ n. 目标， 对准 v. 对准目标；打算aimless adj. 没有目标；无目的的5. reaction n反应， 回应_ v反应， 作出回应6.equipment n设备， 装备 _ v. 装备，配备7._ adj. 吃惊的；惊讶的_ adj. 令人吃惊的 astonish v使惊讶 astonishment n.

2、惊讶 .短语检测1使 有条理7安静点2想起， 考虑8过去常常3弄清楚，弄明白9在过去的二十年里4把 加到 10要么 要么 5使不进入，防止进入11为 感到骄傲6开始做，着手干， 进行吧12理应， 应当 .佳句再现1 _ the earth s surface is water.地球表面三分之二是水。2 The earth is _ the moon.地球是月球的五十倍。3 It is hard _ a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。4 Im going to _ Montreal _ Ottawa University, as both_have goo

3、dPhysics Department.我要么去蒙特利尔大学，要么去渥太华大学，因为两个大学都有不错的物理系。 .单元语法1.expandv.(cause sth. to) become greater in size, number or importance膨胀，扩大，增强；扩展，展开expansion n. 扩张，扩展，膨胀【易混辨析】expand 和 extend(1)expand vt.&vi.强调“使 (尺寸、数字或数量等)扩大，增加，扩大 (活动范围 )”。如：A tyre expands when you pump air into it.如果你往轮胎里充气，它就会膨胀。Our

4、 foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展。(2) extend vt.& vi. 强调“时间、空间等的延伸、延展” 。如：The road extends for miles and miles.这条路向远处绵延伸展。Can you extend your visit a few days longer?你能多停留几天吗？【情景记忆】【活学活用】(1) Why not try to _ your story into a novel?你为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？(2) Metal _ whe

5、n it is heated.金属加热之后就会膨胀。(3) The headmaster _ our holiday by four days.校长将我们的假期延长了 4 天。2.conclusionn.结论，推论；结尾，结束(1) conclude v 推断出， 断定， 做结论； (使) 结束(2)come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论jump to a conclusionin conclusion匆匆忙忙作出结论最后，总之【活学活用】I _that he d been lying.我断定他是在说谎。3.balancen. 平衡 v. 平衡； 权衡， 使保持

6、平衡(1)keep/lose one s balance保持 /失去平衡keep the balance of nature/one s mind 保持自然界 /心态的平衡(2)balance A against B权衡A与 B的重要性balance A with/and B平衡好 A与B【活学活用】(1) We must learn to _.我们必须学会平衡好工作与休息。(2)You have to _of living in a big city _the disadvantages.你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。4.equipmentn. U 设备，装备(1)a piece of eq

7、uipment(2)be equipped forbe equipped with一件设备准备好，装备有，配备有对 有准备【易混辨析】equipment 和 facilityequipment 和 facility都可译作“设备” ， “器材”。(1)equipment 是不可数名词，指用于某一特殊目的的东西供给品，装备等(the tools,machines, clothes, etc. that you need to do a particular job or activity) 。如：medical equipment(2) facility 是可数名词， 常用复数形式。 facil

8、ities 指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利，包括设备、建筑物和服务等 (rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose)。如：sports/leisure facilities【活学活用】(1).The government has given a lot of _ to our school.政府已为我们学校配备了很多设备。(2).The room _air conditioners.(3).This is a five - star hotel with fantastic _.5.ord

9、inaryadj.普通的，平常的；平淡无奇的这个房间装有空调设备。这是一家五星级饭店，设施完善。【易混辨析】ordinary, common, usual 和 normal四个词都含“普通的”意思。(1).ordinary( 与众多同类的东西相比)强调“普通的” ， “平淡无奇的” 。 如：ordinary people like you and me 像你我一样的普通人(2).common 强调“因为常见而普通”， 也可指“共同的，common sense 常识common efforts共同的努力共有的”。如：have sth. in common (with sb./sth.)和 有共同

10、之处in common (with sb./sth.)共同，共有，与 一样Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。(3).usualas usual通常的，像往常一样惯常的，强调“经常性或与习惯有关”。She arrived later than usual.她到得比平常晚。As usual, there weren t many people at the meeting.像往常一样，来开会的人不多。(4)normal 正常的，常态的，往往指“合乎某种标准的，normal temperature 正常体温 / 温度above/below no

11、rmal标准以上 / 下或在正常情况下应有的”。如：return to normal恢复正常【活学活用】(1) We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her _ clothes.我们都为聚会乔装打扮，但她仍然穿着平常的衣服。(2) It s _ to feel tired after such a long trip.长途旅行之后感到累是正常的。(3) Smith is a very _ last name in England.在英国史密斯是很常见的姓。(4) Shall we meet at the _ time and

12、 place?我们在老地方老时间见面好吗？(5) _ many people, he prefers classical music to pop.和许多人一样，和流行音乐相比，他更喜欢古典音乐。 .短语学习1 add to把 加到 add toadd sth. upadd up toadd that增加把 加起来总计为，总数达；结果是补充说【温馨提示】add to 表示“增加了 ”时，后面常跟抽象名词，如： add to our difficulties增加了我们的困难；而addto 意思是“把 加到 ”， 常跟具体的名词。另外add 表示“补充说，又说”时，也是常考点，需要重点记忆。【活学

13、活用】(1) If you _ 4 _ 5, you will get 9.四加五等于九。(2) He wrote down the weight of each stone and _.他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。(3) Her graceful manner _ her beauty.她优雅的举止增加了她的美丽。2.keep (sb.) out (of sth.)把 关在外面；阻止 入内；(1)keep away_(使 )远离，保持距离keep off(使 )避开；不 (让 )接近不参加；不进去(2) keep _ 使保持、维持 ( 在同一水平 )；使不低落； 继

14、续keep up with跟上，不落后keep_控制，抑制；隐瞒；留/扣下；阻碍 (某人 )发展keep to the road/the point/one s promise不偏离道路【易混辨析】/主题 / 遵守诺言keep away from, keep off和 keep () out (of)keep away from 与 keep off 意义接近，但前者强调 “保持距离” ， 而后者强调 “不接近，不碰触”。 keep ( ) out (of )则强调“保持在 之外” ， 还可以引申为“置身于 之外，不参与， 不干涉”。如：I told the children to keep

15、away from the fire.我让孩子们离火远点。Keep your hands off me!把你的手拿开，不要碰我。Outside the room is a sign saying“ Danger: Keep out. ” 房间外面有个标志提醒“危险，请勿入内”。【活学活用】用 keep 相关短语的正确形式填空(1).Food production is not _ population growth.(2).You d better _ their quarrel.(3).The notice said“ _ the grass.”(4).I got the feeling t

16、hat he was _ something _ from us.(5).She was struggling to _ the tears.(6).When you are visiting the park, you must _its rules.(7).Do something to _ your spirits.3.go ahead(used to give sb. permission to do sth., or let them speak before you ) 说吧，干吧，开始做； (to be carried out; take place) 发生， 进行；走在前面，先

17、走go against违背， 对 不利；与 相反go all out to do/for sth.全力以赴做某事go by(时间 )过去；依据， 遵循go down下降， 降低go up上升， (房屋 )建立起来go on继续；发生， 进行； (时间 )过去go on with sth.继续做某事go on doing继续做 (原来的事 )go on to do接着做 (另外一件事 )【活学活用】用 go 相关短语的正确形式填空(1) Do you mind if I open the window? No, _.(2) The building of the new bridge will

18、_as planned.(3)The company will _ improve next year s sales.(4) She was scared to _ her father s wishes.(5) As the weeks _, I became more and more worried.(6) New buildings are _all around the town.4.used to do(happened regularly or all the time in the past,but does not happen now)过去常常做某事be/get used

19、 to (doing) sth.be used to do习惯于被用来做【易混辨析】used to 和 would(1).used to 多有“过去如此，现在不这样”的对比含义，不与一段时间状语连用。(2).would 多表示过去习惯性的动作，常与具体的时间状语连用，或与 often, sometimesfor hours 连用。如：或He would always be the first to offer to help.他总是会第一个主动提出帮助。【注意事项】(1) 疑问式： Used you to ？ /Did you use to ？否定式： used not to/usednt t

20、o/didn t use to(2)used to 后的不定式可以承前省略到to, 但若后面是He is not an actor. But he used to be.be,则 be 需保留。如：【活学活用】(1)._ and take an hour s walk before breakfast.我过去常常早起，并且在早餐前散步一小时。(2).He _ in the country.他已习惯于住在乡下。(3).Bamboo _.竹子可以被用来造纸。5.be proud of对 感到自豪be proud to do/that take pride in对 感到自豪以 感到自豪；对 感到得意

21、【活学活用】(1)He_his childrens achievements.他为孩子们的成就感到骄傲。(2)_ your friend.做你的朋友我感到骄傲。6.be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求Suppose/Supposing (that) 假设，(按规则、惯例等)做某事，如果 ( 引导条件状语从句，理应相当于if)【活学活用】(1) You _ here.你不应该呆在这儿。(2) _, can we play the match indoors?要是下雨的话，我们在室内比赛行吗？ .句型学习1.It is hard to think of a world wit

22、hout metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。句型公式It is adj. to do sth. 做某事 【句式点拨】在该句型中it 用作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。【相关拓展】(1)It is adj. for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事 在该句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有：easy,important, difficult, possible, necessary等。(2)It is adj. of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事 在该句式中，作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质。常见的形容词有：

23、kind, nice, good, honest, careful, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, rude等。(3)It is adj./n. that 做某事 it 作形式主语，that 从句作真正的主语。【活学活用】(1) _ to lose three pairs of glasses.你丢了三副眼镜真是太粗心了。(2) _ meet?我们非见面不可吗？(3) _ he didn t come to our party.很遗憾他没来参加我们的聚会。2.The closer you are, the more you ll see.你靠得越近，看到的就越多

24、。句型公式“the比较级，the比较级”结构该结构表示“越 就越 ”， 前面“ the比较级”相当于一个条件状语从句。【温馨提示】该句型中，比较级的后面如果修饰了名词，则要把这个名词和比较级一起放到最前面，面跟句子的其余部分。如：后The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你越努力，取得的进步就会越大。【活学活用】The more careful you are, _in the experiment.你越小心，在实验中犯的错误就越少。课后习题 .单词拼写1 You may imagine their _(惊讶的 ) look w

25、hen they find the room empty.2 The hotel has its own pool and leisure f_.3 I wonder how the audience r_ to his speech.4 Boats f_in the direction of wind if they are not controlled.5 It s common sense that ice f_ when water freezes. .选词填空think of, add to, putin order, eitheror, be proud of1 Many word

26、s have _ this edition of the dictionary.2._you _he is the next to be on duty.3 It s hard _ a world without electricity.4 I _the achievements you ve made these years.5 Now it s time for you to _your life _. .单项填空1 2010 全国卷 The doctor thought_ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. thatC. o

27、neD. it2 2011辽宁卷 I probably shouldn t have any more cake. Oh， _. It won t kill you.A. go aheadB. hold on, pleaseC. you re welcomeD. that ll do3 English is _ hard for me and Physics is _ harder.A a little; a lotB a lot; a littleCa bit; moreD rather; a great deal of4 In my opinion, life in the twenty- first cent