牛津高中英语模块六Grammar and usage 伶伶

1、Grammar and usage复习复习(1): to do, verb-ing and verb-ed 什么是非谓语动词？什么是非谓语动词？动词的三种形态，不能独立的在句动词的三种形态，不能独立的在句子中做谓语，必须与系动词或者助子中做谓语，必须与系动词或者助动词一起充当谓语成分。动词一起充当谓语成分。to do, verb-ing and verb-ed1 、 作主语作主语动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语To see is to believe.To recover lost time is impossible. 必背句型：必背句型：It is / was + adj. + (for

2、/ of sb.) to do sth.e.g. It is impossible to (for us)recover lost time.It is very friendly of you to invite us to your birthday party.动名词作主语动名词作主语Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain. 笑有助于身体保持健康，甚至能够帮你战胜疼痛。笑有助于身体保持健康，甚至能够帮你战胜疼痛。必背句型必背句型: It is / was +(no)+ n. +doing

3、 sth. 做某事（无）做某事（无）e.g. Its no use crying for over spilt milk.覆水难收覆水难收/木已成舟，哭也无用木已成舟，哭也无用/后悔也没用。后悔也没用。It is great fun playing golf.打高尔夫很有意思。打高尔夫很有意思。It is a waste of time trying to talk to her when she is not in the mood.她心情不好的时候，她心情不好的时候， 找她谈是白费时间。找她谈是白费时间。单个不定式或动名词作主语，谓语单个不定式或动名词作主语，谓语动词用动词用单数单数。若不

4、定式或动名词太。若不定式或动名词太长，往往用长，往往用it作形式主语作形式主语，不定式和不定式和动名词后置动名词后置。动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别：动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语常表示不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作，常具体的某一动作，常与特定执行者联系在与特定执行者联系在一起；动名词作主语一起；动名词作主语表示泛指或一般表示泛指或一般的抽象概念，常不的抽象概念，常不与执行者联系在一起与执行者联系在一起在在there / it+be+no use / good/help 之后常用之后常用动名词作主语动名词作主语不定式可以和不定式可以和when / where /ho

5、w /what / whether等连用，在句中作等连用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能高考链接：高考链接：_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. WalkWhen and where to go hiking is not decided yet二、作定语二、作定语动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语1. 表示将要发生的动作。表示将要发生的动作。e.g. I have letters to write. 我有信要写。我

6、有信要写。 The power station to be built next year will be of great value to the people. 明年明年将修建的发电站将对人们有利。将修建的发电站将对人们有利。 2. 常在序数词、形容词最高级、常在序数词、形容词最高级、 the first， the last，the only ，不定代词等修饰的名词或在不，不定代词等修饰的名词或在不定代词后作定语。定代词后作定语。e.g. Tom is often the first one to arrive at school and the last to leave. Tom 经

7、常是第一个来学校最后一个走的人。经常是第一个来学校最后一个走的人。3. 若作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者及物若作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者及物动词与被修饰的词不能构成动宾关系时，则不动词与被修饰的词不能构成动宾关系时，则不定式动词后须加上适当的介词。定式动词后须加上适当的介词。e.g. when Jack was young, he had no friends to play with. 在在Jack小的时候，他没有朋友和他一起玩。小的时候，他没有朋友和他一起玩。You can expect to hear a lot more from Billy - he has no plans

8、 to stop making films.你可以期待听到更多比利的表演你可以期待听到更多比利的表演-他尚无息影的打算。他尚无息影的打算。某些抽象名词后也用不定式修饰。某些抽象名词后也用不定式修饰。如如：(学案学案P13）the chance/ opportunity/way/ ability/ right /courage to do做某事的机会、方法、能力、权利、勇气做某事的机会、方法、能力、权利、勇气动名词作定语动名词作定语1.-ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表示这个名词关系，表示这个名词(人或物人或物)的动作或状态，的动作或状态，相当于一

9、个定语从句。相当于一个定语从句。The man performing on the stage is a famous comedian. =The man _ on the stage is a famous comedian.正在舞台上表演的那个人是个著名的喜剧演正在舞台上表演的那个人是个著名的喜剧演员。员。who is performing2. -ing 形式和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有形式和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，表示这个名词的某种用途和性主谓关系，表示这个名词的某种用途和性能，作能，作“供；作供；作之用之用”解。解。e.g.游泳池游泳池 swimming pool = p

10、ool for swimming洗衣机洗衣机 washing machine = machine for washing拐杖拐杖 walking stick = stick for walking生活条件生活条件living conditions =conditions for living 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1. 表示和被修饰的名词之间是被动关系。表示和被修饰的名词之间是被动关系。e.g. In 1975, George Burns acted in a film called The Sunshine Boys.1975年，乔治年，乔治.布恩斯出演了一部名叫阳光男孩的布恩斯出演了

11、一部名叫阳光男孩的电影。电影。I dont like to see the exercise written in pencil.我不喜欢看用铅笔写的作业。我不喜欢看用铅笔写的作业。2. 表示已经完成的动作，不表示被动，动词表示已经完成的动作，不表示被动，动词通常为不及物动词。通常为不及物动词。e.g. John took many photos of leaves fallen to the ground. 约翰拍了许多地上的落叶的照片。约翰拍了许多地上的落叶的照片。the risen sun 已升起的太阳已升起的太阳如果过去分词作定语时所表示的动作正在发生，如果过去分词作定语时所表示的动作

12、正在发生，其结构为其结构为being done。e.g. The underground system being built in the city will be open next year. 城里正在建的地铁系统将在明年开放。城里正在建的地铁系统将在明年开放。非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词的三种形式动词不定式动词不定式表示表示未发生的或后发生未发生的或后发生的动作的动作动词动词-ing表示表示主动的或正在发生的主动的或正在发生的动作动作动词动词-ed表示表示被动的或已发生被动的或已发生的动作的动作高考链接：高考链接：1. Prices of daily goods _ through

13、a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung3. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D.

14、 for choose4. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed三、作宾补三、作宾补动词不定式作宾补动词不定式作宾补(如学案如学案P14-)V1 + sb. + to do sth.ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like /

15、think /judge / suppose / believe / consider / imagine / call on / depend on / wait for / ask for V2 + sb. + do sth.感官动词感官动词： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen, smell, taste, feel使役动词使役动词：have, make, let “五看三使二听一感五看三使二听一感” e.g.You dont have to make Paul learn French. Paul doesnt have

16、 to be made to learn French. 某些动词真奇怪，某些动词真奇怪，to来来to去令人猜；去令人猜； 主动语态主动语态to离开，被动语态离开，被动语态to回来。回来。不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but，except，besides后时如果这些介词前有行为动词后时如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，相反则带，相反则带to。e.g.(1) She could do nothing but cry.(2) I have no choice but to go.(3) What do you like to do

17、besides sleep.完成同步完成同步练习练习3现在名词作宾补现在名词作宾补(见学案见学案P15-16) V3 + sb. + doing sth.e.g. At that time, I found him crying in the street. 那时，我发现他在街上哭。那时，我发现他在街上哭。He was caught smoking in the washroom. 他在洗手间里吸烟被发现了。他在洗手间里吸烟被发现了。The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 那个失踪的男孩最后被人看见时在河边玩。那个失踪的男

18、孩最后被人看见时在河边玩。过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补(见学案见学案P15-16) V + sb. / sth.+ done sth.e.g. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 少说多看。少说多看。I have had my bike repaired. 我已把自行车修好了。我已把自行车修好了。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.经理们讨论了这个计划，经理们讨论了这个计划， 他们希望看到明年实施。他们希望看到明年

19、实施。完成同步练习四完成同步练习四HomeworkGo over the grammar.Finish Ex A & B on Page 9.二、作宾语二、作宾语动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语e.g. He decided to work harder in order tocatch up with the others.I refuse to accept whatever you buy for me. 记忆口诀：记忆口诀：决心学会想希望，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，拒绝设法愿假装，主动应答选计划，主动应答选计划，同意请求帮一帮。同意请求帮一帮。decide / determine

20、, learn, want, hope / expect / wish,refuse, manage, care, pretend,offer, promise, choose, plan,agree, ask / beg, help高考链接：高考链接：We agreed _ here, but so far shehasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met动名词作宾语动名词作宾语e.g. I would appreciate you calling back tonight.I regret

21、not having taken your advice.Hearing what happened in Sichuan, many people couldnt help crying. 记忆口诀：记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁建议准逃亡。禁止想象才冒险，不禁建议准逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardonadmit, delay/put off, fancy,avoid, miss ke

22、ep/keep on, practisedeny, finish, enjoy/appreciate,forbid, imaging, risk,cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape某些特殊动词：某些特殊动词：forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, cease,want, need, require高考链接：高考链接：1. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _. A.turning it off B. turning it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 2. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive.afford, agree, ap