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1、Step2 语法精讲动词的分类 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)行为动词行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有(二)连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“ 是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如: We are in Grade Two this year
2、.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是 are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。连系动词可具体分为三类:1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如: He is a teacher.(他是个教师。) He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。) We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来), taste(尝起来)等,例如
3、: She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。) I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。) Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。) The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。) The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。) The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如: She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。) H
4、e feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。) The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了, 白天也变 得较长些了。) He grew old.(他老了。)2 / 6(三)助动词这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如: He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。) 句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与
5、not一起构成否定形式。 A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。) 句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。 Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?) 句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。(四)情态动词 这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语,
6、必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如: I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会 He cant walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)cant, 不必 May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)may, 可以 比较下列几组句子,看情态动词的特点:1、He borrows some books from the library.(他常从图书馆借些书。) He can borrow some books from the library.(他可以从图书馆借到一些书。)can, 可以2、I run fast.(我跑得
7、快。) I cant run fast(我跑得不快。)cant, 不会,不能3、Must he go now?(他必须现在走吗?)must, 必须 Did he go last night?(他昨晚去了吗?)4、They may be there.(他们可能在那儿。)may, 可能 They werent there.(他们不在那儿。)从上述四组句子中,可以看出以下几个特点:1、can、may、must都有各自的词义,表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态,因词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。2、情态动词没有人称和数的变化。构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面(见例3);构成否
8、定句时,not放在这些情态动词之后(见例2)。可用它们的缩写形式(cant, cannot, mustnt等)。Step 3 强化练习一、指出下列划线动词是连系动词还是行为动词,并写出词义:1、She looks well.( ) She tried to look at the blackboard but waw nothing.( )2、The students felt unhappy.( ) I felt someone touch my back.( )3、It was snowing hard when he got to the city.( ) Its too late. I
9、ts getting darker and darker.( )4、The teacher asked the student to turn it over.( ) The leaves of the trees turn green when sping comes.( )5、The young trees grow fast.( ) It began to grow dark.( )6、The bell sounded at 12 oclock for lunch.( ) The music sounds nice.( )二、中考题精选(深圳)1. I want to watch the
10、 basketball match. Would you please _ the TV?A turn on B turn off C turn down D turn up2. If you meet some new words, you can _ in a dictionary.A look it up B look up it B look them up D look up them3. He _ all his money _ to charity after he died.A gave; up B gave; in C gave; away C gave; out4. -Mu
11、st I return the book this week?-No, you _. You can _ it for 20 days. A mustnt; keep B neednt; borrow C neednt; keep D mustnt; borrow5. This silk dress _ so smooth. Its made in China.A feels B smells C sounds D tastes6. Smoking is bad for your health. Youd better _.A set it up B give it up D pick it
12、up D look it up7. Try to sing more English songs, and youll find it interesting _ a foreign language.A learning B learns C learn D to learn 8. -Excuse me, can I smoke here?-No, _.A you must B youd not better C you can D youd better not9. -What is the name of the song you sang just now? It _ beautifu
13、l.-It is you and me.A heard B listened C sounded 10. You _ cool! Are these your new sunglasses?A taste B look C smell D sound11. Teresa saw me and stopped _ a word with me.A having B to have C being had D to have had12. We can see steam _ from the wet clothes if they _ near a fire.A raising; are hun
14、g B rising; are hung C to raise; are hanged D to rise; are hanged 13. -I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning.-No, it _ him. He moved to Canada last week. A can be B must be C cant be D mustnt be 14. Zhang Liangyings new CD will _next month.A come along B come up C come over D come out15. -Is M
15、r. Smith in his office now?-No, he _ there. I _ him in the library a minute ago. A may be; saw B cant be; see C mustnt be; see D cant be; saw16. -Can you help me _ my cat while I am away?-No problem. Just bring it to my house _ you leave.A look after; before look for; until C take care of; since D take off; after17. -Paper _ wood. We should not waste paper. -I agree. I alwa
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