2018年常州市初中英语学科基本功比赛试卷

1、2018年常州市初中英语学科基本功比赛试卷在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项：（1）本试卷共10页，全卷满分为100分，考试时间为120分钟。用2B铅笔将客观题答案涂写在答题卡上，用黑色或蓝色钢笔把主观题答案书写在答题纸上，写在试卷上的一律无效。（2）答题前，务必将自己的学校、姓名、考场号及座位号填写在答题纸上，并填写好答题卡上的姓名信息。考试结束后，请将本试卷、答题卡和答题纸一并交回。Part I：Structure and Vocabulary（15 items, 15 points）Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this se

2、ction. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. In their place, the new curriculum reforms aim to establish _ that develops students _ language competence.A. one; comprehensiveB. the one; comprehensibleC. one; comprehensibleD. the

3、 one; comprehensive2. The curriculum promotes quality education, _ opposed to exam-orientated education, and the all-round development of the students.A. with B. asC. 不填D. while3. The fundamental aim of the new curriculum is to develop students language competence which is achieved through the five

4、general objectives. They are _. a. Language Skills b. Learning Interest c. Language Knowledge d. Cooperative Ability e. Cultural Awareness f. Learning Strategies g. Attitudes to Learning h. Language Assessment A. a, b, c, d, h B. a, b, c, e, gC. a, c, e, f, gD. b, c, d, e, f 4. Teaching and learning

5、 should meet the diverse needs of all students, ensuring the healthy development of their mind and body. In particular the teacher should encourage students to use English bravely, taking a(n) _ attitude towards mistakes they make during the learning process.A. lenient B. authoritarianC. rigidD. sym

6、pathetic 5The purpose of _ assessment is to encourage students, help students adjust the learning process effectively, help students gain a sense of achievement, strengthen their self-confidence, and improve their cooperative spirit.A. summative B. formativeC. externalD. internal6. Now, where is my

7、watch?_! Well be late for the picnic.A. Take it easy B. Dont worry C. Take your time D. Come on 7. Business is improving but much more hard work and common sense will be _ before any profits can be realized.A. put up with B. taken up C. gone through D. called for8. He wanted to know how long _ when

8、he got to the hall. A. the meeting had lastedB. the meeting had started C. had the meeting been onD. had the meeting ended9. Hes already back to Australia, _? _. He is on a visit to Shanghai. A. hasnt he; Yes B. isnt he; No C. isnt he; Yes D. hasnt he; No10. Mr Wang, would you please tell me the res

9、ult of the exam? Youve done a good job. _ students in your class failed it. A. A little B. LittleC. A fewD. Few11. It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. A. that B. whatC. whichD. this 12. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have te

10、lephoned C. would telephoneD. had telephoned13. My daughter_ Shanghai to visit the Expo with her grandparents. Really? _ will they come back? A. has been to; How soon B. has gone to; How soon C. has been to; How long D. has gone to; How long14. When shall we go to watch the badminton match in the sp

11、orts centre? Not until the work _ tomorrow. A. will be finished B. has finished C. will finish D. is finished 15. It is difficult to understand the customs in a different country but it is always true that _. A. Rome was not built in a day B. Where theres a will, theres a way C. Pride goes before a

12、fall D. When in Rome, do as the Romans doPart II：Cloze Test（20 items, 20 points）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blanks there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that best completes the passage. There is a distinction in Linguistics made

13、 by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure early last century. Langue(语言) refers to the abstract linguistic system _16_ by the members of a speech community and parole (言语) refers to the actualized language, or _17_ of langue. As a social product, langue is a set of conventions _18_ members of a speech c

14、ommunity seem to obey. It can be _19_ as the generalized rules of the language. Parole, on the other hand, is the concrete use of the conventions or application of rules. We can _20_ them along the following dimensions. Langue is abstract; parole is specific to the situation in which it _21_. Langue

15、 is not actually spoken by anyone; parole is always a _22_ happening event. Langue is relatively stable and systematic; parole is subject to _23_ and situational constraints (约束). Take our Chinese language for example. It is like a convention over and above all of us; no one can go _24_ it. It is li

16、ke an agreement we have all signed; we all agree, for instance, to call the thing we _25_ with “bi”. Our language is stable; _26_ it does not change so fast as to make communication _27_ overnight. But when we use it, we all _28_ so differently. We are using the same system, _29_ the applications ar

17、e so varied. Each act of speaking is a _30_ event, different from any other acts. Even the same person uses the system differently on different occasions for different purposes. Which should be _31_ in linguistics, langue or parole? _32_ F. de Saussure, parole is a mass of _33_ facts and not suitabl

18、e for systematic investigation. What the linguist has to do is to abstract langue from instances of parole that is, to _34_ the laws governing all instances of parole and make them the _35_ of linguistics. The distinction between langue and parole is very important, and it influences many linguists

19、in later generations. 16. A. shared B. studiedC. managedD. designed17. A. modernizationB. realizationC. specializationD. popularization 18. A. whatB. whereC. thatD. whether19. A. createdB. expected C. regardedD. supposed20. A. compareB. combineC. divideD. decide21. A. occursB. belongsC. copesD. hold

20、s22. A. purposelyB. speciallyC. naturallyD. likely23. A. publicB. personalC. socialD. scientific24. A. againstB. forC. afterD. before25. A. talkB. readC. writeD. listen26. A. at lastB. at leastC. at first D. at most27. A. simpleB. convenientC. impossibleD. flexible28. A. changeB. behaveC. understand

21、D. function29. A. soB. instead C. thereforeD. but 30. A. unitedB. usualC. uniqueD. useful31. A. increasedB. chosenC. studiedD. taught32. A. WithB. FromC. WithoutD. For33. A. clearB. confusedC. meaninglessD. arranged34. A. disobeyB. discoverC. discussD. dismiss35. A. subjectB. causeC. resultD. myster

22、yPart III：Reading Comprehension（20 items, 30 points）Directions; There are 5 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by a few questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one.ALiving in foreign culture can be e

23、xciting, but it can also be confusing. A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences. They decided that miscommunications were always possible, even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”.On her first day in Micronesia, an island in the Pacific,

24、Lisa thought people werent paying any attention to her. As the day was hot, she was thirsty, so she went into a store and asked, “Do you have cold drinks?” the woman there didnt say anything. Lisa repeated that question. Still the woman said nothing. She later learned that the woman had answered her

25、: She had raised her eyebrows, which in Micronesia means “yes”.Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria, a country in Europe. She went to a restaurant that was known for its cabbage. She asked the waiter, “Do you have cabbage today?” On hearing what she said, he nodded his head. So Jan waite

26、d, but the cabbage never came. In that country, a nod means “no”.Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India. After explaining something in class, he asked his students if they understood. They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head. He thought some people had not understood

27、, so he explained again. When he asked again, they did the same thing. He soon found out that his students did understand. In India, people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from. You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean “yes” or

28、“no”.36. These Americans teaching English in other countries found that they _.A. should go abroad for vacationsB. needed to learn foreign languagesC. should often discuss their experiencesD. had problems with communications37. Tom misunderstood his class at first because _.A. he didnt know where th

29、e students came fromB. he didnt explain everything clearly enoughC. some students didnt understand his questionD. he did not know much about Indian culture38. Which of the following is true according to this passage?A. Lisa was trying to buy some cabbage. B. In Bulgaria, nodding means “no”. C. Jan t

30、aught English on a Pacific island. D. In India, only shaking heads means “yes”.39. The passage is mainly about _.A. body language in foreign restaurantsB. class discussion in Indian schoolsC. miscommunication in different cultureD. English teaching in other countriesBCrippling health care bills, lon

31、g emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes a

32、nd cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist(专家) rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries(受益人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors two primary car

33、e physicians and five specialists in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation(分裂) of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key

34、 is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who p

35、erforms a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements; physicians are faced with no choice but to increase q

36、uantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked ag

37、ainst primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reformi

38、ng the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳地) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student

39、loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Med

40、icare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?40. The authors chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is _.A. the inadequate training of physicians B. the declining number of doctorsC. the shrinking primary car

41、e resources D. the ever-rising health care costs41. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that _.A. the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB. seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC. visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD. the mor

42、e doctors taking care of a patient, the better42. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to _.A. increase their income by working overtimeB. improve their expertise and serviceC. make various deals with specialistsD. see more patients a

43、t the expense of quality43. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?A. They find the need for primary care declining.B. The current system works against primary care.C. Primary care physicians command less respect.D. They think working in emergency rooms tedio

44、us.44. What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?A. Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.B. Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C. Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D. Reduce the tuition of studen

45、ts who choose primary care as their major.C Publicity offers several benefitsThere are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $500,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are c

46、osts for news releases, a publicity department, and other items. As with advertising, publicity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known. Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a

47、 movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, The Womens Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time

48、reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly. Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little cont

49、rol over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media; and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like. For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a substant

50、ial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. A few ministers and other private citizens believed that the symbol was sacrilegious(亵渎的). These beliefs were covered extensively by the media and resulted in the firm receiving 15,000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone.

51、 To combat this negative publicity, the firm issued news releases featuring famous clergy(神父) that refuted(消除) the rumors, threatened to sue(控告) those people spreading the stories, and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America. The media cooperated with the company and the false rumors were

52、temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter & Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products. A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the intro

53、duction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, the media determine the placement of a story；it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media determine whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored jobs prog

54、ram might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.45. The author mentions all of the following advantages of publicity except _.A. having no time costs B. having attentivenessC. having high credibility D. having high profitability46. The second paragraph implies that pe

55、ople are more likely to believe stories _.A. in a newspaper than in a womens dailyB. in a newspaper than in a magazineC. in an independent newspaper than in a dependent newspaperD. in a magazine than in a local newspaper47. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. A fir

56、m can control and time publicity accuratelyB. A firm can neither control nor time publicity accuratelyC. A firm can either control or time publicity accuratelyD. In most cases a firm can control and time publicity accurately48. The example in Paragraph 4 is intended to demonstrate _.A. the power of publicityB. the victim of publicityC. the terrible effect of rumorsD. the vulnerability of people to publ