（推荐）中考英语宾语从句辅导策略及知识迁移

1、经验交流中考宾语从句辅导策略及知识迁移第一辅导策略宾语从句是初中英语教学内容中的重点和难点。在教学工作中发现：如果只局限于教材所反映的有关知识点来指导学生来学习宾语从句，将远远不能满足他们中考应试的需求。所以通过对近些年中考试题，尤其是阅读理解题型的分析，认为中考宾语从句的复习指导，在策略上应进一步深入挖掘，拓宽学生的思维范畴，提升学生的应试能力。通过自己的反复探究并虚心向他人学习，取其精华，不断地发展与完善，最终形成方案。实践表明切实可行。现介绍如下：一 丰富概念内涵宾语从句不能单纯强调充当主句谓语动词宾语的从句，也可以指充当主句非谓语不定式动名词现在分词等动词逻辑宾语或介词宾语的从句。这样

2、，学生对宾语从句的概念会有更深层次的理解，在头脑中形成更宽阔的思维范畴和想象空间，为学生思维能力的发展创造条件、提供保障。例如：在初中英语教材中学生只接触到类似“I wonder what you did last night. ”这样充当主句谓语动词宾语的从句。但中考阅读理解题型中常遇到类似“Im going to Beijing to see what it looks like”这样充当主句非谓语动词宾语的从句，如果考前教师没有指导到位，学生很可能感到困惑。所以丰富宾语从句概念的内涵是当前英语中考的应试要求。二 建立直观框架宾语从句如何构成？哪些方面可以深化？如果能够建立起直观的知识结构

3、框架，形成完整的知识体系，那么学生自然会条理清晰深深地将有关知识印在脑海之中，提高学习效率和效果。具体做法如下： 陈述句（语序）（引导词不作宾语从句的主语）1结构框架：宾语从句引导词 谓语 （引导词作宾语从句的主语） that（无意义可略） if/whether（是否） W（统称关系代词/副词，有意义）例1 He told me what he had done.（引导词不作宾语从句的主语）例2 Do you knon who is coming? （引导词作宾语从句的主语）2.重点剖析： 陈述句：上述“陈述句”不仅可以是具有一套主谓结构的简单句，也可以是具有几套主谓结构的并列句或复合句。（所

4、谓“一套主谓结构”，情形有四：单个主语对应单个谓语单个主语对应并列谓语并列主语对应单个谓语并列主语对应并列谓语。） 例1He said he would come here for lunch with us if he had time. （此宾语从句是复合句） 例2I know what happened here and who dealed with it. （此宾语从句是并列句） 例3I want to know how often you go back to your hometown. （此宾语从句是简单句） 在初中英语教材中宾语从句是简单句的情形远远多于其他两种情形，因此，教

5、师给学生指点到位，有利于他们拓宽知识面，增强自主学习的能力。 （2）谓语：在英语中，谓语是语态和时态的具体体现，随时间的变化而变化，这一点与汉语截然不同，最容易出现错误，所以，学生除了应该掌握它们的构成和用法之外，还应该知道它们可以是单一式，也可以是并列式通常性质一致。只有对谓语有了深刻的认识之后，才能在运用时避免犯错误。例:Tom is a good student and studies the best in our class. （此句谓语是并列式）。三注意时态呼应 在实际教学工作中，我发现大多数学生在使用宾语从句时，主从句时态搭配上前后自相矛盾，这是普遍现象，成为一大问题。为此，我对

6、带有宾语从句的复合句的主从句时态搭配进行了归纳和总结：主句是一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时或现在完成时，从句具体问题具体分析；主句是过去的某种时态，从句用过去的某种时态客观真理用一般现在时。这样，学生在运用时就会得到提醒，同时缩小了选择正确时态的思考范围。四注意： 1.what_从句：可译为“的事”或“的东西” 2.why_从句：可译为“的原因” 3.when_从句：可译为“的地方” 4.when_从句：可译为“的时间”五.理性认识与实际操练相结合通过丰富概念内涵、建立直观结构框架和注意时态呼应几个问题的讲解，使学生对带有宾语从句的复合句有了较全方位的了解,并形成理性认识。但是，这仍然是不

7、够的，必须在实际运用中经过反复的练习，才能形成运用宾语从句的技能。从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Coul

8、d you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. wh

9、om she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how

10、old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Ch

11、ristmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means参考答案： 15DDDCD 610ADDBD按要求转换句型1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help3

12、. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. D

13、id Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.参考答案：1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didnt; until 6. whether; came阅读理解1.I am going to see what is happing there.2.He is afraid he can not pass

14、the exam. 3.I am going to the school to ask how my son studies. 4.He telephoned me to ask where I lived.5.He told me about what he did at school.6.Please tell me where the station is. 7.She told me where he lived and how happy he was.8.He said he would see me if he had time.参考答案：1.我要去看看那里发生着什么是。2.他害

15、怕不能通过考试。3.我要去学校问问儿子学习怎么样4.他打电话问我住在哪。5.他把在校的表现告诉了我。6.请告诉我车站在哪。7.他告诉我他住的地方并且他多么高兴。8.他说如果有时间他来看望我。 第二知识迁移 在多年的毕业班辅导教学中发现：中考试题阅读理解部分通常出现另外两种名词性从句，即：主语从句和表语从句。如果学生对其相关知识不够了解，势必影响阅读质量和分析效果。因为宾语从句、表语从句和主语从句统称为名词性从句，隶属同一范畴，它们有许多相同之处，所以在辅导宾语从句的同时，顺便对其他两种从句的基本结构作简要说明是必要的。我认为主要从以下几个方面进行辅导：一 构成 陈述句形式1. 主语从句=引导词

16、 + 谓语1 引导词参照宾语从句（if除外）。2 主语从句常变形式主语。例如：It is right what you have done. .主谓一致：从句作主语，谓语动词通常采用动词的单数形式。“What_从句”表示单数内容，谓语动词用单数形式；表示复数内容谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：What I need are a pen and a pencil. What my parents do is for me. 陈述句形式2.表语从句=引导词 + 谓语1 引导词参照宾语从句（if除外）。2 Because等构成表语从句。例如：This was because we went out la

17、te. 二练习：1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2A computer can only do _ you have

18、 instructed it to do Ahow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen 答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。3. He asked _ for a violin A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。4. What the doctors really doubt is _

19、my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C. whether D. why 答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。” 5It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩

20、子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 Bwhatever，表示“无论什么”。6. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名

21、词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests.A. anyon

22、e B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who答案为C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。8. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where 答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”9. I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除Dwhat，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选Awhen。used