标准海事通信用语

1、IMO标准海事通信用语总 贝卩 General1. 程序 Procedure当有必要表示将使用IMO标准海事通信用语时，可发送如下信文：When it is necessary to indicate that the IMO SMCP are to be used, the following message may be sent:“请使用IMO标准海事通信用语。”“ Please use IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.”“我将使用IMO标准海事通信用语”“I will use IMO Stan dard Marine Communi

2、cati on Phrases.”2. 拼读 Spelling (参阅张晓峰、徐东华编著船舶驾驶员实用英语口语P4)3. 信文标识Message Markers在岸一船和船一岸通信中或一般的无线电通信中，可使用下述八个信文标识。In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore com muni cati on or radio com muni cati on in gen eral, the followi ng eight Message Markers may be used.(1)指示In structio n(2)建议Advise(3)警告Warni ng(4)信

3、息In formatio n(5)询问Questi on(6)回答An swer(7)请求Request(8)意图Inten tio n4.回答responses4.1如果对问题的回答是肯定的，应说“是的”，后接完整语句。When the an swer to a questi on is in the affirmative, say:“ Yes, ”oowed by the appropriate phrase in full.4.2如果对问题的回答是否定的，应说“不”，后接完整语句。When the an swer to a questi on is in the n egative,

4、say:“ No, foowed by the appropriate phrase in full.4.3如果对需求的信息不能立即提供，可说“请稍等”，后接信息可适用的时间间隔。When the in formatio n requested is n ot immediately available, say:“ Stand by f6lwed by the time interval within which the information will be available.4.4如果不能获得对方需求的信息，可说“没有信息”。When the information requested

5、 cannot be obtained, say :“ No information.”4.5当由交管站、海军船舶或其他授权人士给出指令(INSTRUCTION )或建议(ADVISE )时，如果给予肯定的回答，则说“我将/能”，后接完整的指令或建议。如果是否定的回答， 则说“我将不/不能”，后接完整的指令或建议。When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS Station, naval vessel or other fully authorized personnel) or an ADVISE is give n, resp ond if in the affir

6、mative:“I will/ canfollowd by the in struct ion or advise in full; an d, if in the n egative, respond:“I will not/ cannotfollowed-by the in struct ion or advise in full.例如：“建议。不得追越你北面的船。”Example:“ ADVISE. Do not overtake the vessel to the North of you.”回答：“我不会追越我北面的船。”Resp ond:“I will not overtake t

7、he vessel to the North of me.”4.6在对外通信和船舶内部通信中，应答命令和对特别重要问题的回答，应使用标准用语中的语句。5. 遇险 /紧急 /安全信文 Distress/ Urgency/ Safety signals5.1 MAYDAY用于发布遇险信文。MAYDAY to be used to announce a distress message.5.2 PAN-PAN用于发布紧急信文。PAN-PAN to be used to announce an urge ncy message.5.3 SECURITE用于发布安全信文。SECURITE to be u

8、sed to announce a safety message.6. 标准组织用语Standard organizational phrases6.1“你收听(我)的声音怎样？”“ How do you read (me)?”很差/1信号强度为1 (即极弱)bad/ one with signal strength one(i.e. barely perceptible)很弱/2 信号强度为2 (即很弱)Poor/ two with sig nal stre ngth two(i.e. week)还好/3 信号强度为3 (即还好)fair/ three with sig nal stre n

9、gth three(i.e. fairly good)较好/4信号强度为4 (即较好)good/ fourwith sig nal stre ngth four(i.e. good)我收听你的声音I read you很好/5 信号强度为5 (即很好)excelle nt/ five with sig nal stre ngth five(i.e. very good)6.2当建议保持在某个 VHF频道/频率上时，说：“请在VHF频道/频率上守听”。When it is advisable to rema in on a VHF Chann el/ Freque ncy, say:“ Stand

10、 by on VHF cha nnel / freque ncy ”.6.2.1当同意保持在指定的 VHF频道/频率上时，说：“在VHF频道/频率上守听”。When it is accepted to rema in on the VHF cha nn el/ freque ncy in dicated, say:“ Standing by on VHF cha nnel/ freque ncy ”.6.3当建议转到另一 VHF频道/频率上时，说：“请转到VHF频道/频率”。“请试VHF频道/频率”。When it is advisable to cha nge to ano ther VHF

11、 cha nn el/ freque ncy, say:“ Advise (you) cha nge to VHF cha nnel/ freque ncy”.“ Advise (you) try VHF cha nnel/ freque ncy”.6.3.1当同意转到某 VHF频道/频率接收时，说“转到VHF频道/频率”。When the cha nging of a VHF cha nn el/ freque ncy is accepted, say:“ Changing to VHF cha nnel/ freque ncy ”7.改正 Corrections当信文出现错误时，说：“错误

12、”。随后说：“改正”加上信文正确部分。When a mistake is made in a message, say: “ mistake follow-d by the word:“ Correction ” plus the corrected part of thsaagees例如：“我现在的速度为14节，错误。改正，我现在的速度是12节，十二节。”Example: “ Mypresent speed is 14 knots -mistake. Correction, my present speed is 12 knots, one-two, kno ts. ”8.准备 Readin

13、ess“我准备/还没准备好接收你的信文。”“I am/ I am not ready to receive your message.”9.重复 Repetition9.1如果认为信文的某部分非常重要，为确保无误，可说：“重复”随后是信文的相应部分。If any part of the message is con sidered sufficie ntly importa nt to n eed safeguard ing, say:“ Repeat followed by the corresponding part of the message.例如：“我的吃水为12.6，重复，12.6

14、米”Example: “ My draft is 12.6, repeat,one-two decimal six meters.”9.2如果信息没有确切听到，说：“请再说一遍”。When a message is not properly heard, say:“ Say aga in （please）. ”10. 数字 Numbers数字逐位读出：150应读作：“一五零”，2.5应读作：“二点五”。Numbers are to be spoke n in separate digits:“ On-eive- zero ” for 150;“ Two decimal five ” or “

15、Two point five ” for 2.5.注：注意！当读舵角即舵令时，应按下列示例：15,读“十五”；20读“二十”Note: Atte nti on! When rudder an gles, e.g. in wheel orders, are give n, say:“ Fifteen ” for 15;“ Twenty ” for 20, etc.11. 位置 Positions11.1在使用经纬度时，应以度、分（如果需要，可以用分的小数）来表示，并应标出北纬或南纬，东经或 西经。11.2当位置相对于某一标志时，该标志必须是海图上明确标出的物标，方位应以由物标位置的真北起算， 以

16、360 记法来表示。When the position is related to a mark, the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees no tati on from true north and shall be that of the positi on FROM the mark.例如：“你的位置在 Big Head灯塔137，距离2.4海里。”Example:“ Your positi on beari ng 137 degrees from B

17、ig Head lighthouse dista nee 2.4 n autical miles.12. 方位 Bearings除相对方位外，物标或船舶的方位是用由真北（除非另有说明）起算，以360记法来表示。方位可从物标起算，也可以从船舶起算。The beari ng of the mark or vessel concerned is the beari ng in 360 degrees no tatio n from north （true n orth uni ess otherwise stated）, except in the case of relative beari ng

18、s. Beari ngs may be either FROM the mark or FROM the vessel.360。记法来表示。可说明是驶往物标的航向，还是例如：“引航船在你船的215 方位上”Example:“ Pilot boot is bearingi5 degrees from you. ”13. 航向 Courses航向总是采用由真北（除非另有说明）起算，以驶离物标的航向。Always to be expressed in 360 degrees no tati on from n orth (true north uni ess otherwise stated). W

19、hether this is to TO or FROM a mark can be stated.14. 距离 Distances距离用海里或链表示，所使用的单位必须加以注明。To be expressed in n autical miles or cables, the un it always to be stated.15. 速度 Speed速度用节表示。To be expressed in kno ts.6.1若无其他说明，则表示是相对于水的速度。Without further no tati on, mea ning speed through the water.6.2 “对地

20、速度”表示相对于海底的速度。“ Ground speed ” means speed over the ground.16. 时间 Times时间应以协调世界时 24小时来表示，如果在港内使用地方时应清楚指明。Times should be expressed in the 24 hours UTC notation; if local time will be used in ports or harbors I t should clearly be stated.17. 地理名称Geographical names使用的地名必须是海图或航路指南所使用的名称。如果不明确，应给出经纬度。Pl

21、ace n ames used should be those on the chart or in Saili ng Directions in use. Should these not be un derstood, latitude and Ion gitude should be give n.18. 多义词 Ambiguous words英语中的一些词的意思由上下文确定。特别是在VTS通信中这些经常导致误解，以致引发事故，这些词语是：18.1条件词“可以 may”、“可能might”、“应该should”和“可能could”。May 可以不能说：“我可以进入航道吗？”Do not

22、say:“ May I entefahway ? ”应说：“询问。允许进入航道吗？”Say:“ QUESTION. Do I have permissio n to enter the fairway?”不能说：“你可以进入航道。”Do not say:“ You may en ter the fairway.”应说：“回答。允许进入航道。”Say:“ ANSWER. You have permissi on to en ter the fairway.”Might 可能不能说：“我将进入航道。”Do not say:“I might en ter the fairway.”应说：“意图。我将

23、进入航道。”Say:“ INTENTION. I will enter the fairway.”Should 应该不能说：“你应该在B3锚地抛锚。”Do not say: “ You should an chor in an chorage B3.”应说：“建议。在B3抛锚”Say:“ ADVISE. Anchor in an chorage B3.”Could 可能不能说：“你可能正驶向危险。”Do not say:“ You could be running into dan ger.”应说：“警告。你正驶向危险。”Say:“ WARNING. You are running into

24、danger.”18.2 词 Can“Can”既能表示做某事的可能性又能表示能力。在 IMO标准海事通信用语中，无论是否涉及可 能性，当使用“ Can”的用语似乎使意思清晰。然而，在含糊不清的上下文中，如果要求得到许可，可如 例所示：“询问。在这个时间允许使用浅吃水道吗？ ”而不说：“在这个时间我可以使用浅吃水道吗？”Say:“ QUESTION. Do I have permissi on to use the shallow draft fairway at this time?Don not say:“ Can I use the shallow draft fairway at thi

25、s time?”航海英语补充材料SMCP中的术语解释1. 一般术语General TermsTERMSMEANINGSAbandon vessel弃船To evacuate crew and passe ngers from a vessel follow ing a distress. 遇险之后船员和旅客撤离船舶。Accommodati on ladder舷梯Ladder attached to platform at vessel ssle with flat stems and handrails enabling persons to embark/ disembark from wa

26、ter or shore.连在船侧平台上的梯子，有平踏板和扶手，使人们能够从水上或岸上下船。Adrift漂移Uncon trolled moveme nt at sea un der the in flue nce of curre nt, tide or wind. 在海流、潮汐或风力的影响下不受控制地在海上移动。Assembly stati on 集合点Place on deck, in mass rooms, etc., assig ned to crew and passe ngers where they have to meet according to the muster li

27、st when the corresponding alarm is released or announ ceme nt.当发出相应的警报或发布通告后，船员和旅客必须按照应变部署表集中到 指定的甲板上、餐厅里等地点。Back ing 风向逆转Shift of wi nd directi on in an an ticlockwise manner. 风向按逆时针方向而变化。Beach (to) 抢滩To run a vessel up on a beach to preve nt its sinking in deep water. 驾驶船舶驶上浅滩，以防止沉入水中。Berth 泊位1.A

28、sea room to be kept for safety around a vessel, rock, platform, etc.在船舶、礁石、平台等周围为安全而保留的水域等。2. The place assig ned to a vessel whe n an chored or lying alon gside a pier, etc. 为船舶锚泊或靠泊码头等而指定的地点。Blast 号笛声A whistle sig nal made by the vessel.船舶汽笛发出的声号Bli nd sector盲区An area which cannot be scanned by sh

29、ip s radar bshriaucteditbs partsof the superstructure, masts, etc.由于受上层建筑、桅杆等部分的遮蔽而船舶雷达扫描不到的区域。Board ing arran geme nts 登轮设施All equipment, such as pilot ladder, accommodation ladder, hoist, etc., necessary for a safe tran sfer of the pilot.象引航梯、舷梯、升降机等为安全接送引航员所必需的所有设备。Board ing speed 登轮速度The speed o

30、f a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can safely embark/ disembark.为使引航员安全登/离船而调整船舶与引航艇相一致的速度。Bob-cat平舱机A mini-caterpillar with push-blade used for the careful distribution of loose goods in cargo holds of bulk carriers.散货船舱内用语使散货均匀分布的带有推板的小型履带机。Briefi ng简介Con cise expla nat

31、ory in formatio n to crew an d/ or passe ngers. 对船员和/或旅客发布的简明的解释信息。Cable链3. cha in connecting a vessel to the an chor. 连接船舶至锚的链条。2. wire or rope primarily used for mooring a ship.泊船时最初使用的缆或绳3. one hun dred fathoms or one tenth of a n autical mile.一百拓或十分之一海里Cap size(to)倾覆To turn over 翻倒Cardinal buoy

32、方位浮标A seamark, i.e. a buo y, in dicati ng the north, east, south or west, i.e. the card inal points from a fixed point such as a wreck, shallow water, ban ks, etc.海上标志，即浮标，标明在其北、东、南、西方位有诸如沉船、浅滩、沙洲等的 方位点。Cardinal points 基点The four main points of the compass: north, east, south and west 罗经的四个主点：北、东、南、

33、西Casualty伤亡Case of death in an accide nt or shipp ing disaster. 在事故中或船舶灾难中，造成人员死亡的情况。Check(to) 检查抑制1. to make sure that equipme nt etc. is in proper con diti on or that everyth ing is correct and safe.查实设备等处于良好状态或一切均正常和安全2. to regulate motio n of a cable, rope or wire whe n it is running out too fas

34、t.当链、绳或缆松出过快时调节其速度。Close-coupled tow ing 紧耦拖带A method of tow ing vessels through polar ice by means of icebreak ing tugs with a special stem notch suited to receive and hold the bow of the vessel to be towed.船舶通过极地冰区的拖带方法，使被拖船的船首与破冰船的特殊尾 槽相接。Close up(to)To decrease the distanee o the vessel ahead by

35、 increasingone s 通过增加本船的船速减少与前船的距离。Compatibility 相容性Indicates whether different goods can be safely stowed together in one cargo space or in an adjace nt hold.指明不冋货物能否安全存放在冋一舱内或相邻舱内的性质。Convoy 编队航行A group of vessels which sail together, e.g. through a canal or ice. 两艘或两艘以上的船舶编排在一起航行，如过运河或冰区的船队。Course

36、 made good推算航迹向That course which a vessel makes good over ground, after allowing for the effect of currents, tidal streams, and leeway caused by wind and sea.考虑洋流、潮流的影响以及风、浪产生的风流压差，船舶相对地面的推算航向。Crude Oil Washi ngA system of clea ning the cargo tanks by wash ing them with the cargo of crude原油洗舱（cow）oi

37、l during discharge.卸原油时使用货油清洗油舱的系统。Crash-stop紧急停车An emerge ncy reversal operati on of the main engin e(s) to avoid a collisi on. 用主机紧急倒车以避免碰撞。Damage con trol team 破损控制队A group of crew members trained for fight ing flood ing in the vessel. 船上经过堵漏抢险训练的船员小组。Datum基准（面、点）1. The most probable positi on of

38、 search target at a give n time.在给疋时间被搜寻物标的取或然位置。2. the plane of reference to which all data as to the depth on charts are refere need.作为海图上所有水深数据参照的基面。Derelict 遗弃船Vessel still afloat, aban do ned at sea被抛弃在海上、尚在漂浮的船舶Disabled丧失航行能力A vessel damaged or impaired in such a manner as to be in capable of

39、proceed ing on its voyage.船舶遭受损坏或损害以致不能继续航行Distress alert 遇险警报A radio signal from a distressed vessel automatically directed to an MRCC giving position, identification, course and speed of the vessel as well as the n ature of distress.从遇险船自动向海上救助协调中心发出无线电信号，报告船舶的位置、标 识、航向和航速，以及遇险的性质。Distress/ Urgenc

40、y traffic 遇险/紧急通信The verbal exchange of information on radio from ship to shore and/ or ship to ship/ air craft about a distress/ urge ncy situati on as defi ned in the releva nt ITU Radio Regulations.在ITU无线电规则中有关规定进行船对岸和/或船对船/飞机的遇险/紧急情况的无线电口语信息交流Draggi ng走锚Movi ng of an an chor over the sea bottom

41、in volu ntarily because it is no Ion ger preve nti ng the moveme nt of the vessel.由于锚非自主地在海底移动而不再能制止船舶的行动。Dredgi ng拖锚Moving of an an chor over the sea bottom to con trol the moveme nt of the vessel. 有意在海底拖锚移动，以控制船舶的运动。Drop back(to) 增距To in crease the dista nee from the vessel ahead by reduc ing one通

42、过减低自己的船速而增加与前船的距离。Escape route 紧急通路A clearly marked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an emerge ncy船上清楚标示出的用于紧急情况的通路。Escort护航Attending a vessel to be available in case of need, e.g. ice-breaker, tug, etc.在有需要时由破冰船、拖轮等，护卫某一船舶。Fire patrol 消防巡逻A member of the watch going around the

43、vessel at certain intervals so that an outbreak of fire may be promptly detected, man datory in vessels carry ing more than 36 passengers.值班船员每隔一定时间对全船进行巡逻，以便及时发现火灾；载客超过36人船舶需强制执行。Floodi ng 进水Major uncon trolled flow of seawater into the vessel. 海水不受控制地大量涌入船舶。Foul of an chor缠锚An chor has its own cab

44、le twisted around it or has fouled an obstruct ion 锚被自身锚链或被某一障碍物缠绕。Foul of propeller 缠螺旋桨A line, wire, net, etc. is wound round the propeller. 缆绳、钢缆、网等缠绕到螺旋桨上。Hatch rails舱口围栏Ropes supported by stanchions around an open hatch to prevent persons from falli ng into a hold.为防止人员坠如开敞着的货舱而在其四周设置用支柱支撑的绳索。G

45、en eral emerge ncy alarmA sound signal of seven short blasts and one proIonged blast given with thes own spee综合警报vessel s sou nd system船舶声响系统发出的七短一长的声号In ert(to) 惰化To reduce the oxyge n in a tank by inert gas avoid an explosive atmosphere用惰性气体减少油舱内的氧气含量，以避免发生爆炸In itial course初始航向Course directed by t

46、he OSC or other authorized person to be steered at the begi nning of a search在搜索开始时由现场指挥OSC或经授权的人员指示的驾驶航向Jettis on( to) (of cargo) 抛弃货物To throw goods overboard in order to lighten the vessel or improve its stability in case of an emerge ncy在紧急情况下为减轻船重或提高稳性将船上的货物抛弃Leak ing 泄漏Escape of liquids such as

47、 water, oil, etc., out of pipes, boilers, tan ks, etc., or a minor inflow of seawater into the vessel due to the hull.象水、油等液体从管道、锅炉、油水舱渗漏出或由于船壳损坏而造成少量 的海水流如船舶。Leeward下风On or towards the sheltered side of a ship; opposite of win dward 在或向船舶遮蔽的一侧，与上风相反List 横倾In cli nati on of the vessel to port side o

48、r starboard side 船舶向左舷或右舷倾斜MRCC: Maritime RescueCo-ordin ati on Cen ter 海上搜救协调中心Lan d-based authority resp on sible for promoti ng efficie nt orga ni zati on of maritime search and rescue and for co-ord in at ing the con duct of search and rescue operati ons withi n a search and rescue regi on在某一搜救区

49、域内负责推进有效的海上搜救组织工作和协调指挥搜救行动 的陆上管理当局Off air停播When the tran smissi ons of a radio stati on etc., have broke n dow n, bee n switched off or suspe nded.无线电台等发生故障、关闭或暂停发射。Off stati on 移位Not in charted positio n.不在图示的位置上。On-Sce ne Co-ordin ator现场协调指挥官(OSC)A pers on desig ned to co-ord in ate search and res

50、cue operati ons with in a specified area 在指定区域内被指定为协调搜救作业的协调官Public address system 公共广播系统(PA-System)Loudspeakers in the vessel cabins, mess rooms, etc., and on deck through which importa nt in formati on can be broadcast from a cen tral point, mostly from the navigation bridge.通过安装在船舶舱室、餐厅等处以及甲板上的扬声

51、器，广播中心，通常设 在驾驶台，可以发布重要信息。Recover (to)救起To pick up shipwrecked persons 救回失事船舶上的人员Ren dez-vous会合An appointment between vessels normally made on radio to meet in a certain area or positi on船舶之间通常使用无线电约定在某一确定的区域或位置交会Restricted areaA deck, space, area, etc., in vessels where, for safety reasons, entry is

52、 only permitted for authorized crew members由于安全原因，只允许经授权的船员才可进入的船舶甲板、舱室或区域等。Retreat sig nal撤退信号Sound, visual or other sig nal to a team orderi ng it to retur n to its base 为了让小组返回基地而发出的声音、视觉或其他信号。Roll call点名The act of check ing how many the passe ngers and crew members are prese nt, e.g. at assembly

53、 stati ons, by read ing aloud a list of their n ames譬如在集合地点通过大声朗读名单以检查旅客和船员头到人数与姓名的行 动Safe work ing loadMaximum work ing load of lift ing equipme nt that should not be exceeded.起安全工作负荷量（SWL ）吊设备的最大允许工作负荷。Search speed 搜寻航速The speed of search ing vessels directed by the OSC 由现场协调指挥官向搜救船舶指示的速度Seamark海上

54、标志A n avigati onal aid placed to act as a beac on or warning 作为航标或警告性标志而设置的助航设施Segregati on 隔票Separati on of goods which for differe nt reas ons must not be stowed together. 由 于各种原因而必须使货物分隔，不得积载在一起的做法Shifti ng cargo货物横移Transverse movement of cargo, especially bulk cargo, caused by rolling or a heavy

55、 list由于横摇或严重横倾引起的货物特别是散装货物的横向移动Speed of advanee 进速The speed at which a storm cen ter moves 风暴中心的移动速度Elon gated spreader 加长踏板Step of a pilot ladder which preve nts the ladder from twisti ng 为防止引航员梯子翻转而加长的踏板TEU标准集装箱Twenty Foot Equivale nt Un it (sta ndard container dime nsion)20英尺(标准集装箱尺寸)集装箱Tran sit通

56、过、穿越The passage of a vessel through a can al, fairway, etc. 船舶通过运河、航道等Tran sit speed 通过（穿越）速度Speed of a vessel required for passage through a can al, fairway, etc. 船舶通过运河、航道等所要求的航速Tran sshipme nt (of cargo)(货物)转运The transfer of goods from one vessel to another outside harbors 在港外将货物从一艘船转运到另一艘船Union purchase 联杆作业A method of cargo handling by combining two derricks, one of which is fixed over the hat