2019届高三二轮复习-改错的解题技巧及训练+从句的复习(1

1、2019年高三二轮复习-改错的解题技巧及训练+从句的复习（ 1）一、课程介绍知识点1 .归纳讲解改错的解题技巧（1 ）2 .重点语法：从句的辨析重点语法：名词性从句教学重点1 .如何清晰高效判断错误点2 .从句引导词的选择教学难点1 .如何提高改错的敏感度2 .从句引导词的辨析二、要点回顾I .改正下列句子1 .My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. （2016 课标全国卷I）2 .How do you think I should do?. （ 2015 四川卷）3 .Before making sure I w

2、as OK, he asked me anxiously what was going on. （ 2017 东北三 省四市高三第二次联合考试）4 .I seldom passed my exams, so I never prepared well. （ 2017 广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二）【答案】1 .that 改为where2 .How 改为 what3 .Before 改为 After4 .so 改为 because三、知识精要1.改错的解题思路解题手段主要通过：1 、从翻译入手2、从语法入手（找易错点）（一）翻译：找出如下错误1.连词：（ 1 ）并列连词：and， but， o

3、r， so（2）从属连词（引导从句的连词）：that:, what, which, who, when, how等2 .冠词：（ 1 ）根据翻译：a/an “一个 ”， the “这个，那个，这些，那些 ”（2）固定搭配：如 in the 1990s,等3 .介词：同样从翻译和搭配入手4 .代词：主要改人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词（ 1 ）指代错误：she/he, his/her 等（ 2）用法错误：a friend of me（ me 改为mine） ， ours books（ ours 改为our）5.主动被动： 1） doing与done的区别 2） 2） be 动词的添加或删

4、除The book bought by my father last year. （此句为被动所以在bought 前加was）Many changes have been happened in the last ten years.（happen 不能用被动，所以删掉been）（二）易错点：1 .时态：现在或过去2 .形容词和副词的区别：（ 1 ）形容词：作定语（修饰名词或代词）；作表语（在系动词后）（ 2）副词：作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子注意：形容词变副词一般是加-ly,但下面几点要注意（ 1 ） true-truly（2） -le 结尾的，去 e力口 y, possible

5、-possibly ; simple-simply ; gentle-gently（3） -c 结尾的形容词,加 -ally,如：basic-basically ; scientific-scientifically3 .动词用法：如 want do （中间加to）, let sb to do （去掉to）与let有同样用法的词：make,have4 .单数/复数（1）名词：可数/不可数（2） 动词：is/are;have/has;do/does等（3） 代词：it/them ; many/much5.形近词： beside/besides ; hardly / hard ; amazing

6、/amazed如： Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet. （2017 全国 II） Beside 改为 besidesI had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face!hardly 改为 hardThey are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden. （ 2017 全国 II）interesting 改为 interested2.语法名词性从句从句的辨析：一般根据从句在句中的位置来

7、判断名词性从句与定语从句的区别1 .名词性从句：主语从句（一般在句首、主语前）、宾语从句（在动词或介词后）、表语从句（在系动词后）、同位语从句（解释前面词的内容，前后是等同的关系。一般由 that引导，that无词义，不充当句子成 分，不可省略）2 .定语从句：在名词和代词后，起修饰作用的从句。引导定语从句的关系词必须在从句中充当成分考点聚焦1、名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if,连接代词 what / who/ which / whose /whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever , 连接

8、副词 where / when / why / how / wherever / whenevero（1） that的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词 that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：(A)当that从句

9、和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；(C)当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用 it来替换成以下

10、几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that ( B) It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that . (C) It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that (D) It seems/happens thato 如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that和what的区别

11、。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+ thato如：It s shame that he hascmasuch a mistake. Do what he says.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句， 就应用连词that而不能用 which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义

12、的名词后解释名词的含义 或内容, 如以下名词：news、 fact、 suggestion、 truth plan、 belief doubt、 possibility、 idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句 )The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) (2) whether 和 if 的用法。whether和if在宾语从句中可以

13、互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟 or not时用whethero如：I didn t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句表语从句中只能用whethero如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money. whether 可以引导同位语从句，

14、用以说明前面的名词的内容，if 不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用；whether 也可与动词不定式连用但if 不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thank you

15、, but whether I ll be free I m not sure at the moment. whether 可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管 ”、 “无论 ”，而 if 不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.（ 3）疑问词+ ever 和 no matter + 疑问词的区别。疑问词+ ever 可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like

16、in the shop.疑问词+ ever 还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.（ 4） when 和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示时间、

17、地点的名词，则when 和 where 引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（ 1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didn t know you were in London. How long have you been here?The t

18、eacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（ 2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will b

19、egin has not been decided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Wd ve heard the news that we ll move into the new house.四、要点讲练【要点11改错-错词之名词冠词名词的错误主要体现在单数复数、可数不可数上；冠词的错误主要体现在a与an的差别、a,an与the的误用上。在改的时候主要从翻译入手【例题1】（2017 全国卷 II） It takes them about a hour and a half to go t

20、o work every day.【答案】a改为an/one【解析】考查冠词。hour第一个音是元音，故用 an【例题2】（2017 全国卷 II） They often get some useful informations from the internet.【答案】informations 前力口 information【解析】 考查information，信息，为不可数名词【即学即用】1 .The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.2 .A woman saw him crying and telling him to

21、 wait outside a shop.3 .Mum taught me some basic step of baking.4 .My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass .5 . I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning .【答案】1 .把airs改为air,因为air是不可数名词2 .把a改为the。根据上下文此处是特指，故用 the3 .把step改为ste

22、ps。前面有some,且step是可数名词4 .side 改为 sides,前面有 three5 .in hurry 改为in a hurry , 固定短语【要点2】改错-错词之连词连词包括并列连词和从属连词， 改错时一方面要通过翻译进行， 同时要通过语法来分析【例题1】1 .（2017 全国卷 I）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.【答案】so改为but/yet【解析】考查连词辨析。可

23、以根据句意前后是转折关系。例题2（2016.全国卷 II） If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.【答案】but改为and【解析】考查连词辨析。根据句意，前后是并列关系【即学即用】2 . There the air is clean or the mountains are green.3 .After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.4

24、.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. 【答案】 1.or改为and 2.where改为that或删掉 3.after改为when【要点3】改错-错词之谓语动词谓语动词的主要出题点是时态语态错误及主谓一致。做题时要根据上下文及翻译入手。【例题 1 （2017 年全国卷 II） When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables.【答案】came改为comes【解析】根据上下文都

25、是现在时，故把过去时改为现在时【例题 2 （2016 年全国卷 II） Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.【答案】have been shown中的been删掉【解析】按照原句应译为被动，而实际句意应为主动，故删掉 been【即学即用】1 .A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.2 .This morning she starts barking eve

26、n before 5 oclock.3 .Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky4.They were looked like rain!【答案】1 .telling 改为 told 2.starts 改为 started 3.was 改为 were 4.were 删掉【要点4】改错-错词之非谓语动词非谓语动词分为to do, doing , done,具体的使用一个是各自的特点，在一个就是根据上 下文判断主动被动的含义的区别【例题1】（2017东北三省四市高三第二次联合考试）They are like our parent

27、s, keep all of ussafe.【答案】keep改为keeping【解析】doing表示伴随，做伴随状语【例题2】（2017广东深圳市高三第二次调研考试）I thought it would be hard to spend a wholeweek stayed away from school and home.【答案】stayed改为staying【解析】spend后面接doing形式【例题3 （2017武汉高中毕业生 4月调研测试）I d like to talking about my most memorable experience.【答案】taking改为take【解

28、析】would like to do固定用法【要点5】改错-错词之形容词副词形容词副词的主要考点是各自的用法：形容词作定语（修饰名词或代词）；或作表语（在系动词后）。副词：作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子【例题1】（2017湖北省七市科教研协作体高三4月联合考试）I have decided to work hardso that I ll have a brightly future.【答案】brightly改为bright【解析】此处应用形容词修饰名词【例题 2 】（2017 济南市三月高考模拟考试）I promise you will have a wonderfully tim

29、e here inBeijing.【答案】wonderfully 改为 wonderful【解析】此处应用形容词修饰名词【即学即用】1 .That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.2 .My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.3 .Don t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly.【答案】1 .closely 改为 close 2.i

30、mmediate 改为 immediately 3.calmly 改为 calm【要点6】改错-错词之代词代词的错误主要体现在单数复数，用法错误，及翻译方面的问题。【例题 1】（2016 全国卷 II） If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view.【答案】your改为our【解析】根据上下文逻辑意思，此处应为我们的，与主语一致【例题 2 （2017 全国卷出）This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of yourhigh school days.【答案】your

31、改为my【解析】根据上下文逻辑意思，此处应为我的，与前文me一致【即学即用】1.1 f you are me ,would you talk to him?2 .Neither of the arrows hit the target.3 .We must found ways to protect your environment.【答案】1.him 改为 them 2.neither 改为 none 3.found 改为 find; your 改为 our【要点7】改错-错词之介词介词的主要错误体现在词义和固定搭配上【例题 1】（2017 全国卷 I） It was a relief an

32、d I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.【答案】on改为of【解析】in the middle of.,在中。本题考查固定搭配【例题 2】（2016 四川卷）Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.【答案】去掉on【解析】本题国定结构go shopping去购物。【即学即用】1 .Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities.2 .My uncles immediate jumped up an

33、d shot their arrows on the bird.3.1 also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.【答案】1 .with 改为 for 2.immediate 改为 immediately ; on 改为 at 3.for 改为 with; taking 改 为 taken【要点8】名词性从句名词性从句主要考查连词的使用。有三大类连词：that、if/whether、特殊疑问词【例题 1】（2016 北京卷）Your support is important to our work.you can do h

34、elps.A. However B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever【答案】C【解析】 主语从句中whatever做从句的主语，你做的无论什么都是会帮助的，符合句意【例题 21（2016北京卷）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirelyfree from dust.A. what B. that C. whether D. why【答案】B【解析】句意为：雨季最惬意的事情是人们完全不受灰尘的烦扰。表语从句中不缺任何成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导【即学即用】1 . It

35、 is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.（2016 江苏卷）A. whyB. whatC. asD. that2 .The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.（2016 天津卷）A. whether B. thatC. whichD. what3 . amazed us greatly was that Linda could speak five

36、languages.（2017 d匕京市海淀区高三 第二学期期末练习）A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Why4 .Home is we complain the most, but are often treated the best. G匕京市西城区高三第二 次模拟考试）A.whichB.whereC.thatD.how5 .Since there is only one laboratory in the school, it is important to check the students can use it.（北京市东城区高三综合练习二）A.whichB.wha

37、tC.whenD.where【答案】1 .D2.B 3.B 4.B5.C五、模块自测【改错】P267（一）The other day after work, I was walking down the street while I saw a boy riding a nice bicycle, one of those bicycle with only one wheel. Dressing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song which was sounded like a kid s song. I thought

38、he must be total crazy. Just then, a lady dropped 20-dollar bill on the ground, but he didn t realize it. The guy in pink picked out the money and gave it back to her. After that, he rode on but soon disappeared before the lady could thank him. How a strange and good guy!（2016陕西西安工业大学附属中学第四次适应性训练）（二

39、） Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water th

40、e vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, theyoften get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables! （2017全国卷 II）（三）It is Mother s Day today.Though it s a western festival, itM（snpopular in Chi

41、na now.has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or Iplanned to do something on Mother s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I“Happy MMomrwas grDte

42、yul andasked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked wereMom s favoritiest.At dinner,we said to her,moving.（2016 年四川卷）（4） My mother Donald didn t do well in math. When the day of the exam comes, Donald satnext to Brian, which was always good at math. Donald c

43、areful copied Brian s answers. At end of the exam, the teacher collected the papers and graded it. Then she decided to give a prize to the student who got the high grade. But it was a bit of difficult for her to make a decision, because Donald and Brian got the same grade. The teacher thought about

44、that and made on her mind to give the prize to Brian. Donald said it was unfair.Thats true,“the teacher said. Therefore,Brians answer to Question 18 was Idont know .Your was Neither do I .（5） Patience is greatly important in our daily life. Once, I waited for a bus come at a stop. 30minutes passed,

45、but no bus came. Both upset and annoying, I decided to walk by foot.But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minutes, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Being impatient will possible waste all the effort that we have put it in. Now, whenever I am close to losing my impatience, I will think of this experience.、 1.while-when 2. bicycle-bicycles 3. Dressing- Dressed 4. 去掉 was 5. total-totally6 . 20-dollar 前力口 a 7. he-