定语从句解题技巧含例题

1、定语从句解题技巧(含例题)英语中两个意义相关的分句不能不用连词而直接放在一起， 也不能只用逗号来连接，可以说英语并列句和复合句构成的基本规律是：英语的两个分句之间有且 只有一个连词。这条规律为我们学习和运用这类句型提供了重要的依据。定语从 句是英语复合句的一种，它是指用一个句子去修饰限制另一个句子中的某个名 词、代词，两个句子之间通过关系代词 (that, which, who, whom, whose, as). 或关 系副词(when, where, how)连接起来，关系代词有时可以省略；在特定情况下， 关系代词(which, as)也可指代主句整句话或一部分句子成分所表达的内容。当 我

2、们解题时遇到复合句的考查题目时， 我们便可以根据定语从句的上述含义判断 该题是不是定语从句， 如果是，我们可先将不是关系代词或关系副词的选项去掉， 然后采用 “代入原则 ”并同时结合定语从句的关系词之间的相关区别来进行解题。所谓“代入原则 ”就是试着把先行词即被定语从句修饰限制的那个词放进从句中，能直接代入的就用关系代词(不包括 whose)，不能直接代入的可能有三 种情况，要么用关系副词，要么用介词加关系代词 which或whom，要么就用关 系代词whose。下面就用例句来具体说明这种解题技巧。一直接代入的情况：1 Women drink more than two cups of cof

3、fee a day have a greater chanceof having heart disease thanthose don t.A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /该题中的先行词women和those都可直接代入各自的从句中，都在从句中做 主语，根据关系代词的使用规律，我们应该用 who或that，而且不能省略，所以 答案是 C。2 Do you still remember the chicken farm_ we visited three months ago?A. where B. when C. that D. what 该题的

4、先行词 the chicken farm 就是 visited 的宾语，只能用关系代词 that, which 或省略关系代词，所以答案是 C。3 The United States is made up of fifty states, one of_ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.A. them B. those C. which D. whose 通过分析可以看出， fifty states 是 one of 中 of 的宾语，能直接放在介词后充 当宾语，用来表示物的关系代词只有which，同时直接做介词宾语的关系代词

5、which, whom 不能省略。所以答案是 C。4 Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained从句中动词explained是及物动词，其宾语是the reason,所以只能用关系代 词that或which，根据关系代词做宾语可以省略的原则，该题的答案是 A。5 Jim passed the driving test, surprised everybody

6、 in the office.A. which B. that C. this D. it 该题中后句缺少主语，通过意义分析该主语正是主句整句话的内容，所以答 案是A。因为that既不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能代替主句整句话的内容。 该题给我们的提示是：在确定该用关系代词时，我们必须考虑相关关系代词的区 别，除了刚提到的这一点的外，还包括以下内容：在非限制性定语从句中，关系 代词只能用which, who, whom，且做宾语是不能省略的；在限制性定语从句中，指物时如果先行词被形容词最高级，序数词或 all, any, every, no, much, little 等词 修饰限制时，或先

7、行词就是上述这些词时，关系代词只能用that;在限制性定语从句中，先行词是有表示人和表示物的词组充当时，关系代词只能用that。6 is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once everymonth.A. It B. As C. That D. What 通过意义分析可以看出，前一句所缺的主语就是后句整个句子所表达的内 容，这是一种特殊的定语从句，as可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替主句整句话 的内容，该从句可以放在主句之前，插入到主句之间，也可放在主句之后。而 which 引导的这类从句却只能放在主句之后，除此之外，这

8、两个关系代词还有意 义上的区别，as的意义是正如、正像”而which的意义是这、这一点”例如:6a. She passed the exam, as/ which we had expected.6b. She passed the eaxm, which we hadn t expected.同时我们还必须注意，as也可以引导限制性定语从句。当先行词被such, as,the same修饰限制时，我们通常用关系代词 as来引导该从句。例如：7 On the subject of reading, Francis Bacon, who lived at aboutthe same time a

9、s Shakespeare,8 They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.9Some people have nodoubt that their cat understandasmany words as doesa dog.二 不能直接代入的情况：在不能直接代入时， 我们可以试着根据从句与先行词的关系给先行词补加一 些成分或改变先行词的形式后，将补加后的词组或改变后的形式放进从句中，并 据此确定正确的引导方式。该引导方式主要包括三种形式：关系副词where, when, why ;介词加关系代词 whic

10、h, whom;关系代词whose.（一）使用关系副词：1. A fast food restaura nt is the place, just as the n ame suggests, eat ing isperformed quickly.A. which B. where C. there D. what该句中的先行词the place显然是不能直接代入从句中的，但根据句意补全从句的话，从句的完整形式应该是 eating is performed quickly in the place,由此便可 看出从句缺少的是地点状语，所以应该用where或in which，答案是B。2. W

11、e are livi ng in an agemany things are done on computerA. which B. that C. whose D. whe n该题与上题的解题思路是一样的，从句缺少的是in the age这样的时间状语，所以我们要么用when,要么用in which。答案是D。3. At the meet ing, he expla ined the reas onhe was abse nt last Mon day.A. which B. that C. why D. in which在高考中，关系副词 where, when是多次被考过的内容，但 wh

12、y却很少见， 这应该引起我们的注意，当我们看到先行词为 the reaso n时，我们同样要关注它 在从句中的作用，如笔者在第一部分所列的上海 2019年的那道高考题，先行词 reason可以直接代入从句中，所以用关系代词，而该句中的 the reason却无法直 接代入，从句中明显缺少原因状语，所以我们应该用 why或for which。因此答 案是C。上述三个例子中的先行词都是明确表示地点、时间、原因的词，很容易使人联想到关系副词where, when, why。但有些时候先行词不是明确表示地点、时间 的词，我们仍然要用到 where和when,这就要求我们根据句意做出合理的判断， 如：4

13、 If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend moretime in the shop.A. that B. which C. when D. where5 There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that6 I can think of many cases_ students obviously knew a lot of English words and exp

14、ressions but couldn t write a goodsseay.A. why B. which C. as D. where 上述三个例子中的先行词都不是明确表示地点的名词, 但都在从句中充当地 点状语,所以答案分别是 D, A, D。7 In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasionswhen members are confused or uncertain of their roles.上句中的先行词occasions通常被翻译成。的情况”不是一个明确表达 时间的名词,但用

15、英语解释的话,一切都一目了然了,其意思是 “a time when someth ing happe ns，因此应该使用关系畐U词 whe n。（二）使用介词 +which/whom当先行词不能直接代入定语从句时， 选项中没有关系副词或不能使用关系副 词时，我们就要考虑是否可以使用介词 +which/whom。这时介词的选用就非常重要了。那么如何确定介词呢？一般有三种方法：8 American women usually identify their best friend as someone_ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about w

16、hich D. with whom9 I saw a women running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction_ she had come.A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 上述两题都牵扯到介词 +which/whom 的用法， 用什么介词主要取决于定语从 句中的动词。与某人交谈是talk to/with sb.。从某处来是come from。所以答案分 别是 D，D 。

17、10 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered scenes people were eaten by the tiger.A. in which B. by which C. which D. that11 Do you still remember the day you joined our club.A. in which B. on which C. which D. that上述两题的介词选用主要取决于先行词与介词连用的规律，与sce ne连用的通常是

18、in，而特指某一天通常用on,所以答案分别是A，B。12 I have many friends, some are businessmen.A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom13 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _five are mine.A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which14 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%

19、 are sold abroad.A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that15 The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_ they are being trained.死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式 ,在我国有悠久的历史。 但随着素质教育的开 展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力发展的教学方式,渐渐为人们所摒弃;而另一方面 ,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。其实,只要应用得当, “死记硬背 ”与提高学生素质并不矛

20、盾。相反 ,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要 前提和基础。 A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which16 There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 以上题目中介词的选用主要依靠两句内在的逻辑关系， 我们把先行词放进从 句中便可以得出以下形式： some of my friends; five of the b

21、ooks; 80% of the shoes; be trained for the job; the larger of the two buildings,然后就可以得出正确答案，依 次为： D，C，A，D，D。（三）使用关系代词 whosewhose 在定语从句中是一个具有形容词性质的关系代词,不能单独使用,必 须用来修饰一个名词,构成一个词组共同引导一个定语从句,它可以指人,也可 以指物，意义上相当于its和one s.17 George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels andessays.A the real

22、name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose realname18Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effects thepeople are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. those D. what19 Look out! Don t get too clostehetohouse_ roof is under repair.A. whose B. which C. of which D. that上述

23、三题的答案都是 whose,但第19题应该引起我们的注意，因为稍微变化 一下，将roof变成the roof，我们就不能再使用whose,答案是C，这时便构成了 the roof of the house, 引导方式变成了 of which the roof 或 the roof of which。三特殊用法20What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which该题的考查牵扯到两个方面，一是句子成分的分析，but之后所

24、缺的是一个只能用名词而不能用介词充当的表语，因此应在 A 和 D 之间做出选择；二是应 该用什么关系词修饰先行词 way的问题，如果先行词 way在从句中做主语、宾 语的话，我们可以用that或which;但如果先行词way在从句中做状语时，我们 有三种选择： that, in which 或省略关系代词，因此该题的答案是 A。要练说，得练听。听是说的前提，听得准确，才有条件正确模仿，才能不断 地掌握高一级水平的语言。我在教学中，注意听说结合，训练幼儿听的能力，课 堂上，我特别重视教师的语言，我对幼儿说话，注意声音清楚，高低起伏，抑扬 有致，富有吸引力，这样能引起幼儿的注意。当我发现有的幼儿不

25、专心听别人发 言时，就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿，或是让他重复别人说过的内容，抓住教育时机，要求他们专心听， 用心记。 平时我还通过各种趣味活动， 培养幼儿边听边记， 边听边想，边听边说的能力，如听词对词，听词句说意思，听句子辩正误，听故 事讲述故事，听谜语猜谜底，听智力故事，动脑筋，出主意，听儿歌上句，接儿 歌下句等，这样幼儿学得生动活泼， 轻松愉快，既训练了听的能力， 强化了记忆， 又发展了思维， 为说打下了基础。 21In the office I never seem to have time until after 5: 30pm, many people have gone home.课本、报刊杂志中的成语、 名言警句等俯首皆是 ,但学生写作文运用到文章中 的甚少,即使运用也很难做到恰如其分。为什么 ?还是没有彻底 “记死”的缘故。要 解决这个问题 ,方法很简单 ,每天花 3-5 分钟左右的时间记一条成语、一则名言警 句即可。可以写在后黑板的 “积累专栏”上每日一换 ,可以在每天课前的 3分钟让学 生