高考英语一轮总复习第二部分语法突破专题7动词和动词短语课件概述

1、专题七动词和动词短语专题七动词和动词短语连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起才能构成谓语,表示某种持续状态或具有某种特征,也可表示动作产生的结果或状态的开始。常见的连系动词有be(am,is,are,was,were),keep,remain,feel,look,sound,appear,smell,taste,become,grow,get,turn,go,come等。连系动词后面的表语通常是名词和形容词,有时也可以是代词、副词、动名词、从句等。She knew she had to keep calm and still until the enemy wen

2、t away from her hiding cave.她知道自己必须保持冷静,原地不动,直到敌人从她藏身的山洞走开。A shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.公共交通工具的短缺依然是个很严重的问题。典例It was already past midnight and only three young men in the tea house.A.leftB.remainedC.delayedD.deserted【解析】句意:早已过了半夜,仅有3位年轻人还留在茶房。remain作系动词,后跟介词短语作表语。【答案】 B 使役

3、动词使役动词表示“使/让某人/物”,这些动词是及物动词,必须接宾语,宾语通常是反身代词,或者用系表结构“get/be+过去分词”表示状态。常见的使役动词有leave,get,keep,make,let,help,have,dress,devote,addict,seat,amuse,annoy,astonish,disappoint等。Most parents have devoted themselves to their own work,thus spending little time with their children.=Most parents have been devote

4、d to their own work,thus spending little time with their children.大多数父母都把时间投入到工作中去了,因此基本上没有时间陪伴自己的孩子。 用系表结构表状态的固定搭配:be absorbed in专心于be adapted to适应be addicted to对上瘾be attached to 附属于be accustomed to习惯于be concerned about关注,关心be seated入座be lost in全神贯注于 典例1If anyone happens to drop in while I am out,

5、him or her leave a message.A.haveB.getC.askD.tell【解析】句意:如果我外出的时候碰巧有人来访,让他们留个信息。动词get,ask和tell后需接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,而have是使役动词,其后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。由题干中的动词原形leave可知,have符合题意,故选A项。【答案】 A典例2He cant finish all the tasks within a day,so he got his brother (help) him.【解析】句意:他无法在一天之内完成所有的任务,所以他让弟弟来帮忙。get作使役动词时的用法

6、为get sb.to do sth.,意为“使某人做某事”。【答案】 to help 接双宾语的动词有些动词要接双宾语,其中,动作的直接承受者是直接宾语,而间接承受者(人)是间接宾语,即“动词+sb.+sth.”。常见的接双宾语的动词有pay,buy,read,offer,teach,do,set,promise,tell,relate,give,show,wish,return,ask,pass,hand等。He paid a dealer 10,000 dollars for that car.他用一万美元从经销商手中买了这辆汽车。He taught me (how) to ride.他教

7、我骑车。“宾宾”花钱买书看,提出教书做示范;答应告诉给你看,愿望还要代代传。 用于“谓语+sb.+of+sth.”结构的动词用于“谓语+sb.+of+sth.”结构的动词主要有inform,advise,notify,tell,remind,cure,heal,cheat,warn,convince,suspect,accuse,convict,deprive,assure,relieve,rid,rob等。How can I convince you of her honesty?我怎样才能使你相信她很诚实呢?What made you suspect her of having taken

8、 the money?你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的?通告提醒治欺骗,警告说服嫌疑犯;控告宣判夺其权,确保消除抢劫案。 典例1A notice was put up in order to remind the students the changed lecture time.【解析】句意:一则通知张贴出来了,以便告知学生们更改的演讲时间。remind sb.of sth.为固定搭配,表示“提醒某人某事”。【答案】 of典例2She accused him stealing her car last night.【解析】句意:她指控他昨晚偷了她的车。accuse sb.of (doing) sth.

9、为固定搭配,表示“指控某人(做)某事”。【答案】 of 动词搭配1.动词+宾语+for。此类动词有ask,blame,criticize,excuse,forgive,mistake,praise,punish,recommend,remember,reward,search,scold,take,thank,turn to等。2.动词+宾语+from。此类动词有bring,choose,excuse,remove,keep,prevent,protect,save,separate等。3.动词+宾语+in。此类动词有gain,employ,encourage,invest,involve等。

10、4.动词+宾语+into。此类动词有argue,force,persuade,reason,talk,frighten等。5.动词+宾语+on。此类动词有congratulate,force等。 6.动词+宾语+with。此类动词有arm,busy,charge,combine,compare,confuse,fill,furnish,help,load,present,provide,serve,supply,trouble,trust等。7.动词+宾语+by/on/in+身体部位。此类动词有catch,hit,pull,shake,seize,strike,take等。典例(2014安徽高

11、考)Terry,please your cellphone when grandma is talking to you.A.look up fromB.look intoC.look back onD.look through【解析】句意:特里,祖母和你说话时,不要看着手机。look up from为固定短语,意为“从抬头往上看”。故选A项。【答案】 A 一、单句填空1.Most of the people presentthe lecture were university students.1.at。固定短语(be) present at意为“出席”。2.The letters USA

12、standthe United States of America.2.for。固定短语stand for意为“代表”。3.He apologizedthe chairman for being late.3.to。固定搭配apologize to sb.for sth.意为“因某事向某人道歉”。4.Whatever you do at your spare time should not do harmothers.4.to。固定短语do harm to意为“伤害”。5.Life mainly consistshappiness and sorrow while happiness and

13、sorrow consiststruggle.5.of;in。句意:生活主要由幸福和悲伤组成,而幸福和悲伤在于奋斗。固定短语consist of意为“由组成”;consist in意为“在于”。 6.Mr Smith was(please)that his father was being taken care of in the Home of the Aged.6.pleased。此处作表语修饰人,故用形容词pleased。7.We havent told our friends about our(remove) to London.7.removal。空格前有物主代词修饰,故用名词re

14、moval。our removal作介词about的宾语。8.To be honest with you,I dont think youll pass the(enter) examination.8.entrance。the entrance examination为固定搭配,意为“入学考试”,故用entrance。9.Twenty three people,(include) three babies,were injured in the traffic accident.9.including。此处应当用介词短语补充说明,故填including。10.No one is to see

15、 the document without the(permit) of the writer of the report.10.permission。所填词被定冠词the修饰,故用名词permission。the permission作without的宾语。11.The shopkeeper looked him in(astonish) and then began laughing.11.astonishment。所填词位于介词in的后面,故用名词astonishment。 12.Our city has changed beyond all(recognize) in the past

16、 20 years,a completely new one in front of me.12.recognition。句意:我们的城市在过去20年里完全变了样,让人都认不出来了。呈现在我面前的是一座全新的城市。beyond是介词,其后应接名词作宾语,recognize的名词形式为recognition。13.Its beyond belief what great trouble he has as a child(support) the whole family.13.supporting。此处为have great trouble (in) doing sth.结构。14.(surr

17、ound) by a lot of newsmen,the newly-elected mayor of the city felt he had to say something.14.Surrounded。主语the newly-elected mayor与surround之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。句意:被很多新闻记者包围着,这位新当选的市长觉得他得说些什么。15.With five minutes (go) before the last train left,we arrived at the station.15.to go。此处应用不定式表示将来的动作,构成with复合结

18、构。 二、语法填空One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country.He wanted to show his son 1.the poor lived,so his son could be thankful 2.his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of what would be considered a very poor family.On their return the father asked his son to explain

19、 what he had learned.The boy,who had remained silent and deep in 3. (think) on the journey home,4.(reply) in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to become a farmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them light while his family had only expensive lanterns(台灯).His wish was to have a farm 5. he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally he asked his father,“What makes us 6.(safe),large walls around our house or