(完整版)专八改错(2000年-2015年)真题及答案

1、2000 年 -2015 年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析2005年 3月21日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the1. _rink, my friend s mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being p

2、roud of my2. _vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that3. _much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I4. _started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are t

3、he ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, arent they? Myfriend s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her5. _expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually

4、acquire both 6. new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our7.own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the8.aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by9.speakers of the language you a

5、re learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.10. _1.looked 改成 looking2.she 后面加 had3.去掉第二个 a4.去掉 it5.polite 改成 politely6.which 改成 that7.specially 改成 especially8.this 改成 it9.continually 改

6、成 often10.mend 改成 narrow2014 改错There is widespread consensusamong scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) _have possessed the most attention of resea

7、rchers in this area: (2) _l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (3) _l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) _more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additiona

8、l language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) _acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) _the approaches adopted to

9、 study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) _so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “ acquiring ” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what

10、is under (8) _focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) _or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom

11、or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) _1. 把 of 去掉。2. 把 possessed 改成 attracted，3. 把 a 改成 the4. 在 facts 和 adults 之间加个 that，5. 把第二个 the 去掉。6. 把第二个 of 改成 in7. 把 attempts 改成 attempt8. 把 or 改成 and9. what 改成 how10. 把 touche 改成 touches2013 专八短文改错试题Psycho-linguistics is the name given t

12、o the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding, production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with(1) _listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usua

13、lly(2) _happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.(3) _Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) _you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity(5) _involved: if we are sear

14、ching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6) _their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) _we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone

15、 else who is. As we shall see, all these examples(8) _of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances ” reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9) _listening, writing and reading. But given that language processes were normally so automatic, we also need to carry

16、 out careful(10) _experiments to get at what is happening.1. production 改成 producing2. 去掉 the3. 去掉 accurately 前面的 so4. looking 改为 look5. we 前面加 that6. 去掉 colleague 后面的 has7. their 改成 his8. anyone 改成 pure 老师 someone9. evolved 改成 involved10. were 改成 are2012 年The central problem of translating has alwa

17、ys been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first(1) _century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19 th century, many writers favoured certain kind of “free”translation: the spirit, not the letter; the(2) _sense not the word; the message rather the fo

18、rm; the matter not(3) _the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who(4) _wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19 th(5) _century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _w

19、as entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible(7) _gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as(8) _literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the(9) _extreme “literalists ”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument wa

20、s theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _参考答案：1. going A since加入 on题解：g

21、o on的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。2. certain改为 a certain题解：此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法” ，第一次出现这种方法应 该加上不定冠词。3. rather改为 not题解：根据原句的句子结构，rather应改为not。4. is 改为 was 题解：此句应该为过去时。1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6_7_5in 改为 at题解：at the turn of 1少century “十九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。6the 删去第二个 the 题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，所以不用定冠词。7.view A translation加

22、入 that题解：在 view 和 translation 之间加上 that,可将“ translation was impossible”看成 view 的 同位语。8.was 删去 was题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。9.culminatedAthe加入 in题解： culminate in 是“以 .告终”的意思，符合上下文含义。10. and 改为 but题解：根据原句意思“现在背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在” ，两句话之间应该是转折 关系2011 年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or si

23、x, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.Iwas the child of three, but the

24、re was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories and holding con

25、versations with imaginative persons, and I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created8_a sort of private world which I

26、could get my own back for my failure9_in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious i.e. seriously 10_ intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dic

27、tation.1， 在 grow 后加 up, 考固定短语2, 改consienee为consciousness 考词语区别，consienee翻译为 良心，道德心”，consiousnes翻译为 意 识”3， 改 soon 为 sooner， sooner or later 是固定短语4， 在 child 前加 middle， 考上下文理解。 作者是三个孩子句中的那位5， 改 disagreeing 为 disagreeable ， disagreeing 只能作动名词， 不能作形容词。 disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯6， 改 imaginative 为 i

28、maginary， 考词语区别 imaginative 翻译为 “有想象力的 ”， imaginary 翻译为 “想象 的，虚构的 ”7， 改 literal 为 literary ， 考词义区别， literal 翻译为 “字面的 ”， literary 翻译为 “文学方面的 ”8,去掉face后的in, face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法(3)9， 在 world 后加 in 或者改 which 为 where, 考定语从句 10， 改 Therefore 为 However 或者 Nevertheness, 考语境。 感悟： 11 专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简单一点。本人认为

29、词义区别考得过多了。2010 年专八真题改错部分So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primiti

30、ve peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and

31、subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviou

32、sly that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Esk

33、imo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life. 2010 年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词1_2101 be后插入as; asas引导的比较级2 their 改为 its; its 代替 every language3 There 改为 It; It 此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4 Whereas改为But ;语境需要表示转折的连词，wherea

34、s表示对比5 further 改为 much further 不能修饰比较级6 come 改为 bring; (sth)come to light , bring sth to lightbring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷7 similar 改为 different; 根据语境应该用 different8 will 改为 would; 虚拟语气9 as important 去掉 as;10 the part 去掉 the 或者改 the 为 a be/become/

35、form (a) part of 是固定短语09 专八改错原题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the(1) _(2)_

36、little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and(3)(4) _(5) _(6) _(7) _(8)_(9)_(10) _般作定语transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly pas

37、sed on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred yea

38、rs, or even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the 答案分析：(1) the

39、further difference 改为 a further difference (此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指)改when为until,结构not.until翻译为直到 .才”(3) their改为his (代词与前文 a little listener在单复数上保持一致)(4) something 改为 anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5) therefore 改为 however (根据上下文逻辑关系)(6) in the general 去掉 the (习惯用法 in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词)(7) currently 改为 current (这里起

40、的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词)(8) it has passed改为it has been passed (与分号前的被动保持一致)(9) live 改为 alive alive 翻译为 “鲜活的 ”，一般作补语； live 翻译为 “现场转播的；活的(10) to let alone 改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是 “更不用说2008 年专八真题 短文改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one, and in result lan

41、guage has played a prominent_1 _part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate_2 _a given language to show that they are distinctive from another_3 _race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States _4 _split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that in

42、dependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a_5 _different language from those of Britain. There was even one_6_proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck

43、on to English_7and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone_8_knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before._9 _Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world _10_that political independence and natio

44、nal identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.20081. in result 改成 in consequence，2 moves 改成 movements.3 distinctive 改成 distinct 或 different4 在 time 后加 when5 accepted 改成 realized6 those 改成 that7 删除 on,8 At 改成 In9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with

45、10 now 改成 ago07 专八真题 短文改错From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest records of ancient languages show us language in a new and emerging state. It is often said,

46、of course, that the language originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of1 _2_3_4_a language with a large proportion of such cries5 _than we find in English. It is true tha

47、t the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in6 _other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose lang

48、uages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference between these noises and language proper. We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these

49、that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.7 _8 _9 _10_1, 改 and 为 or, any Ianguagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用or2,改 show 为 showing, 现在分词作定语3，删除 the, 表示泛指4，改 and 为 but, 根据语境此处是转折5，改large为larger,后面有than,应该用比较级6，改 in 为 on, on other grounds 基于其“它理由”，为固定搭配7，改 return

50、为 response , in response to 对 .作出反应 ”8，删除 on, emphasize sth emphasize 是及物动词9，在large前加a, extent是可数名词，前面要加冠词。to a large extent翻译为 在很大程度上”10,改 these 为 those those that/who 为固定形式2006 专八短文改错We use language primarily as a means of communication with8 1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _other human beings. Each of us sha

51、res with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1 _to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2 _message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_set of grammatical rules which enables him to communic

52、ate his 4_thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he recognises, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6_But, whether the language store is relat

53、ively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7member of his linguistic community; he bas to give the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two mos

54、t 8_common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9 _among most striking of human achievements. 10 _1, 改 agreeing 为 agreed agreed conventions 翻译为 “习俗 ”2， words 前加 the, 此处为特指3，改in为at at one s dispc为固定短语，翻译为由某人做主”4,改 e

55、nables 为 enable，定语从句与先行词 vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules 保持一致5，删除 the, 此处需要泛指 6，改 old 为 older, 此处需要比较级7， 改 seen 为 understood， system 应该是被理解8., 删除 it take sth for gran tedtake it for gran ted that9, 改 or 为 and ,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10,most 前加 the, 形容词最高级中 that 一般不能省略2005 年专八真题短文改错The University a

56、s BusinesA number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current, very low rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common stock. I am skeptical. A bu

57、siness firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand

58、 for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor ones job prospects, the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education, in order to make oneself more mar

59、ketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses.(9).10_Sky-high tuiti ons have caused uni versities to regard their stude nts ascustomers. Just as bus in

60、 ess firms sometimes collude to shorte n the9 rigors of competitio n, uni versities collude to mi ni mize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit i n order to stimulate alu mni don ati ons, so the best athletes now ofte n bypass higher educati on in order to obtai n salaries earlier from