Unit4SectionⅢGrammar——动词ing形式作定语和状

1、Section Grammar 动词 -ing 形式作定语和状语 语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟Yesterday， another student and ，I representingour1.黑体部分在universitys student association，went to the Capital句中作伴随状International Airport to meet this years international students. 语的是I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet。them.2观

2、察Then Akira Nagata from Japan came insmiling，together句可with George Cook from Canada.知现在分词的Just at that moment， however，Akira bowed so his nose逻辑主语都是touched Georgesmoving hand.句子的主语。In the same way that people communicate with spokenlanguage， they also express their feelingsusing unspoken3句现在分词作定语。“

3、language ” through physical distance，actions or posture. 语 法 精 要 点 拨一、动词 - ing 形式 (现在分词 )由“动词原形 - ing” 构成，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语动词 - ing 形式的基本形式如下：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneThe students walked on the street， talking and laughing.(伴随状语 )学生们走在街上，又说又笑。Having worked for t

4、wo days， Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。Having struggledfor many years，he was finally admitted to a key university.经过多年的努力，他最终被一所重点大学录取。Having been laughedat for his mistakes，the boy was very upset那.男孩因犯错第 1页而被嘲笑，他非常沮丧。 名师点津 动词 - ing 形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词

5、 - ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。即时演练 1单句语法填空 I like staying up late watching (watch) TV ， surfing the Internet or doingsomething Im fond of. Having lived (live) in Beijing for years ，I almost know every place quite well. Seeing (see) nobody at home， he decided to leave them a note.【导学号： 21122031】二、动词 -

6、ing 形式在句中作定语和状语1动词 - ing 形式作定语。The firefighters dashed into the burning woods to save people trapped in it.(前置定语 )消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林，去营救被困人员。The boy standingthere is a classmate of mine.后(置定语 )站在那儿的那个男孩是我的一个同班同学。The building being built over there is our library.(后置定语，强调“正在被建” )那里正在建造的大楼是我们的图书馆。2动词 - in

7、g 形式作状语。(1)作时间状语。Hearing the news， he couldnt help laughing.When he heard the news，he couldnt help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。(2)作原因状语。Not knowing her address， I had better telephone her to come over.As I dont know her address， I had better telephone her to come over由.于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。第 2页(3)作条件

8、状语。Working hard， youll surely succeed. If you work hard ， youll surely succeed.如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。(4)作结果状语。The child slipped and fell， hitting his head against the door.The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.那男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。 名师点津 现在分词作结果状语 ，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时

9、前面可以加 only。I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。(5)作让步状语。Having been toldmany times，he still didnt learn these rules by heart. Although he had been told many times， he still didnt learn these rules byheart.尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。(6)作伴随状语。Morris lay on the grass， staring at

10、the sky for a long time. Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。The boy sat in front of the farm- house，cutting the branches.The boy sat in front of the farm- house， and cut the branches.那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。(7)作方式状语。He camerunning back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消

11、息。 名师点津 第 3页动词 - ing 形式作状语时 ，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时 ，可转化为并列谓语。即时演练 2句型转换 (用非谓语动词变换句子) It rained heavily and it caused great damage. It rained heavily，causing great damage After he had eaten his dinner， the boy rushed out. Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. All night long he lay awake a

12、nd he thought of the problem.【导学号： 21122032】 All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem 三、现在分词作状语注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式 (having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street， I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking 和谓语动词 met 同时

13、发生 )(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter，he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。 (having finished 是先发生的， went 是后发生的 )2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式， 这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shownaround the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式 )被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。第 4页Having finished

14、 his homework，he went to bed.( 在分 的主 式 )完成了作 后，他上床睡 。3 - ing 形式的否定式： notv.- ing；not havingv.- edNot knowing this， he didnt come.他不知道 件事，所以没来。Not having madefull preparations， we put off the sports meeting.因 没有做好充分的准 ，我 把运 会延期了。4 在分 作 注性状 有些 在分 在句中没有 主 ， 它 往往作 句子的 注性状 来修 整个句子，表明 者的 度、 点等。例如： generall

15、y speaking“一般来 ”， judging by/from .“从判断”， taking everything into consideration“从全 考 ”。Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.从他的行 来判断，他一定是 了。即 演 3 句 法填空 Having worked (work) for three hours， he took a rest.Tom came dashing (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand. Having spent (spe

16、nd) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call. 语 法 应 用 落 实. 句 法填空1He often carefully watched the doctors in the operating (operate) room.2Seen (see) from the tower， the city looks very beautiful.3Those students hoping (hope) to enter that university should work really hard.4Working (work)

17、harder at English，youll make greater progress.5To finish (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.6Do you remember the name of the girl sitting (sit) next to you in the oldphoto?7Tom received a phone call from his mother saying (say) that she would visit him this weekend.8The boy wearing

18、 (wear) a sad look said，“ I cant find my parents.”第 5页【导学号： 21122033】9Leaving (leave) some questions unanswered， my friend said goodbye to me.10When you meet people from different cultures，it is important to understand(understand) what you can and cannot do.11The children rushed out of the classroom，talking (talk) about somethinghappily.12 With the rapid development of China，the number of foreigners learning (learn) Chinese is growing all the time.13Not realizing (realize) that he had hurt Shirley，Jordan continued to