初中宾语从句总结

1、初中宾语从句小结关键词： 宾语从句 一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：She said that she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother l

2、iked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。I dont know whether hell come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I dont kno

3、w whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们是去还是留。三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗？I dont know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗？下面的表格可以帮助

4、大家理解这一部分内容句式连词语序陈述句that不变一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（would do;was/were going to do） 复合句需要注意的几个问题：复合句在中考题里面本身较少，重点是宾语从句的题，而且不会超过两道。宾语从句是用一个句子来充当宾语，需

5、要说明的是间接引语很大程度上就是宾语从句。a. 用that引导 用它引导本身就是一个陈述句，没有词义，句子不缺主干成分，并且that可以省略掉在不正式场合中，并且必须要讲究时态的一致。b. 用疑问词引导，疑问词是有词义的，而且在句子中有成分，需要强调在疑问词引导后，句子是陈述句的样子.也要讲究时态的一致。疑问代词:what which whose whom who 疑问副词:where when how why 例：Professor Nelson wanted to know _.(2005年上海中考题)A. when would the conference beginB. when th

6、e conference would beginC. when will the conference beginD. when the conference will begin解析：只要牢牢记住两个原则 ：陈述句和讲究时态的一致 就可以做出来，选择B例：I would like to know _.(2002年上海中考题)A. when will he give back the tape B. whether has he received higher educationC. that he has been busy D. whether she will join in our E

7、nglish evening“解析：同理按照上述分析，也该选择D 另外说明下，whether和if用的时候如果后面接不定式或者or not，如果前面有介词，那么只用whether. 顺口溜（1）谓语be的用法我用am，你用are，除此之外的单数，包括他她还有它，统统都是用is，我们你们和他们，只要复数都用are（2)一般疑问句和否定句的变化一般问句并不难，谓语调到主语前。，大写小写有变化，句末要把问号加。，第一人称常变二。，否定句就更简单，中间加上一not，谓语动词提到前。（3)现在进行时很好记，结构be动词ing。，be由主语来决定，句中常用标志词，now，look，listen！（4)一般

8、现在时，肯定句的现在式。不是三单用原形，是三单就加s，es，若是否定疑问句，没有be就加个do，碰到三单加does。如把does加在前，动词就要还原形。（5)一般过去时，肯定句的过去式。规则动词加ed，不规则的必须记。否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。如把did加在前，动词也要还原形。（6)特殊的形容词、副词的比较级、最高级一分为二有两个，一是远来一是老。合二为一共三对，坏病两多并两好。还有一词双意含，只译少来不译小。（7)比较等级的运用原级用在asas间，比较级用在than前。and连接两个比较级，说明“越来越怎样”。三者以上最高级，副词前可不加the。still，even，和much，比较

9、级前“更怎样”。还有alot和alittle，也常修饰比较级。（8）宾语从句宾语从句三要素，引导词、语序、时态。引导词分三情况，陈述句that可省略。一般疑问句if或whether。碰到特殊疑问句，疑问词来担此任。语序总体为主谓。疑问词从句主语，语序不必去改变。从句时态主句定，如果主句是过去，从句相应作改变，客观真理仍现在。（9)被动语态牢记一点，be加动词过去分词。分析句中主和谓，承受者作主语即被动。短语动词不可忘介、副词。另有不及物动词，只有主动无被动。还要注意其时态，与主动语态全相同。我们在学习和运用宾语从句时，应该注意以下四点： 一、引导词的使用1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用t

10、hat来引导从句，that常无具体意义，一般可省略。例如：Lin Tao thought（that）the TV play was very boring.2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用if或whether来引导从句。例如：David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词（如who， whose， what， which）或连接副词（如when， where， why， how），引导宾语从句。例如：Do you know w

11、hat we can do on the island？I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning.二、语序的陈述化宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如：When did he leave？ I want to know. I want to know when he left.Does the shop close at six every day？ Do you know？ Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day？三、时态的呼应1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一

12、般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如：I hear she is here today（she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.）2. 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如：He said he was watching TV（he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school）。3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等，从句不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher told us th

13、at light travels faster than sound.四、否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think， believe， suppose等动词，且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如：I dont believe he is here on time， is he？I dont think Tom is the best student in his class， is he？宾语从句是目前初三学生正在学习的语法内容，也是初中英语的语法重点与难点。由于宾语从句是由陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句等转换而来，而且时态亦要发生变化，所以不少学生在实际运用中容易发生一些错误。现将

14、宾语从句简单归纳如下： 宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样，也有三种类型： 1由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：Ihope(that)theywillhavefun.Marysaidthatshefeltsleepy.Cantyousee(that)Imabird? 注意：1）当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：Idontthinkhewillcome.我认为他不会来。 2）两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词th

15、at一般不可以省略。如： Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice. 2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经）”等一般疑问句的含义。 例如：Iwonderwhether(if)heliveshere. Theteacheraskedwhether(if)theyweregettingreadyfortheEnglishEvening.如果要强调“究竟还是不”，常用连词whether引导宾语从句，后面再加ornot或直接在whether后加ornot。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

16、如：Idbeinterestedtoknowwhetherhewillseethefilm“HouseofFlyingDaggers”ornot.=Idbeinterestedtoknowwhetherornothewillseethefilm“HouseofFlyingDaggers”. 3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。 例如：Tomaskedwhocouldgi

17、vethemessagetohermother. Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Iwonderedhowoldhisbrotherwas. 宾语从句的时态呼应：1）当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。 2）主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。 3）情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。 做宾语从句练习要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”。学习宾从三注意：时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应： 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句

18、时态变过去； 语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 That连接陈述句，省与不省没关系。 从句若表“是否”时，if, whether 均可以。 特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题须记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does

19、 he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom i

20、s she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont

21、know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their s

22、tockings10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” h

23、e asked me.（变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写)

24、 They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBDII. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didnt; until 6. wheth

25、er; came习题（一）1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. w

26、ill have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled答案：1-5 A D C B C习题（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont

27、know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. w

28、hat D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose答案：1-7 C B B A A A C习题（三）1. They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year. A. where does your

29、sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what

30、 D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beiji

31、ng答案：1-6 B D B A A C习题（四）1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市东城区） A. that B. how C. what D. if 2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. （杭州市） A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. We never know _ t

32、he old man is. They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市） A. what B. who C. which D. where 4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重庆市） A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 5. Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. （北京市海淀区） A. where does Mr. Li l

33、ive B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 6. W here do you think _ he _ the computer? Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市） A. ; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. （重庆市） A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C.

34、 what the matter was D. what wrong was 8. Where is Jack? He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . （南昌市） A. that B. which C. where D. there 答案：14 D A A D 58 C A C CI从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell

35、 you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A.I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when

36、does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A.

37、 whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves

38、8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what

39、 in their stockings 10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. Does the girl nee

40、d any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homewor

41、k. (用notuntil改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案： I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBD II. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. di

42、dnt; until 6. whether; came当我被上帝造出来时，上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人，我不假思索的说，我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。于是，我降临在了人间。我出生在一个官僚知识分子之家，父亲在朝中做官，精读诗书，母亲知书答礼，温柔体贴，父母给我去了一个好听的名字：李清照。小时侯，受父母影响的我饱读诗书，聪明伶俐，在朝中享有“神童”的称号。小时候的我天真活泼，才思敏捷，小河畔，花丛边撒满了我的诗我的笑，无可置疑，小时侯的我快乐无虑。“兴尽晚回舟，误入藕花深处。争渡，争渡，惊起一滩鸥鹭。”青春的我如同一只小鸟，自由自在，没有约束，少女纯净的心灵常在朝阳小，流水也被自然洗礼，纤细的手指拈一束花，轻抛入水，随波荡漾，发髻上沾着晶莹的露水，双脚任水流轻抚。身影轻飘而过，留下一阵清风。可是晚年的我却生活在一片黑暗之中，家庭的衰败，社会的改变，消磨着我那柔弱的心。我几乎对生活绝望，每天在痛苦中消磨时光，一切都好象是灰暗的。“寻寻觅觅冷冷清清凄凄惨惨戚戚”这千古叠词句就是