gps中英文翻译

1、本科毕业设计（论文） 中英文对照翻译 院（系部）_ 专业名称 年级班级 学生姓名 指导老师 2010年06月11日 Summarizing The Global Positioning System Abstract: Global Positio ning System is based on the backgro und of the Uni ted States Department of Defense.lt is designed,invested,developed,and operated by the United States Departme nt of Defense

2、,GPS is a satellite-based positi oning and time tran sferi ng GPS positi oning function has a wide range of applicatio ns in the moder n measureme nt and a more moder n buildi ng.GPS-RTK tech no logy is also widely used in moderni zati on buildi ng, and now GPS has also bee n show n to be an importa

3、 nt civilia n com mun ities of in terest, and in creas in gly wide range of applicated. Keyword: GPS,Locating , RTK , Lay out, Survey 1. Background The 50s, the former U.S.S.R has not launched humanities first artificial earth satellite, the American scientists in along its track research in, had di

4、scovered the Doppler shift phenomenon, and has facilitated Doppler satellite navigation posi- tioning system completing using this principle, has obtained the enormous success in the military and the civi aspect, was in a navigation localization history leap, our country once has also introduced man

5、y Doppler receiver, applied to the island association measured, the Earth explored and so on the applied to the isla nd associati on measured, the Earth explored and so on the doma in. But because Doppler satellite orbit highly low, signal-carrier frequency low, the track precision enhances with dif

6、ficulty, causes the pointing accuracy lowly, satisfies the geodetic survey or the project survey request, is more impossible to use in the astr onomy Earth dyn amics research. In order to enhance the satellite positi oning the precisi on,US started from 1973 to prepare for con struct ion global posi

7、ti oning system GPS (Global Positi oning System).After has en tered the pla n proof, the system test stage,started in 1989 to launch the official work satellite,and completely completed in 1994, investment use. The GPS system spaceartially is composed by twenty one satellites, evenly distributes in

8、six orbit, the ground level is 20,000 Kilometers, the inclination of orbit is 55, the flat heart rate approximately is 0, the week con tract is 12 hours, the satellite to the earth launching two wave bands intelligenee signals,the intelligenee signal frequency respectively is 1575.442 mega cycles pe

9、r sec ond (the L2 wave ban d), on the satellite has in stalled the precisi on very high atomic clock, guarantees the frequency the stability, modulates in the carrier has the expression satellite position the broadcast star experienee, use in the range finder C/A code and P yard, as well ad other sy

10、stem in formati on, can in the global scope, to willfully multi-user provide the high accuracy, all-weather, is con tin ual, real-time three dimensional measures fast, the three dimensional localization and the time service. The GPS system con trol secti on by is located in the America n foun dati o

11、ns of the states 5 monitoring stations to be composed, these stand did not ask breaks Carries on the observation to GPS satellite, and will calculate and the forecast information by the infusion stands renews to the satellite information. The GPS system user is extremely covert, it is one ki nd of o

12、n e-way system,the user only receives but does not need the transmitting message, and therefore user s quantity also is not limited. Although GPS is the unification starts is, but very quantity also is not limited. Although GPS recei ver and processing software emerge in abundance. At prese nt the r

13、eceiver which appears in the Chin ese market main ly has ROGUE,ASHTECH, TRIMBLE, LEICA, SOKKIA, TOPCON and so on. Can carry on the observation to two frequencies the receiver to be called the double frequency receiver, only can carry on the observati on to a freque ncy the receiver to become the inf

14、erence. Says regard ing the mapp ing user, GPS has caused the revoluti onary cha nge in the mapping domain, at present, in the scope several thousand kilometers controls n etwork, in the precisi on from hun dred to the millimeter level localizati on, gen erally all GPS took the first choice method,

15、is day by day mature along wi th the RTK tech no logy, GPS started to decimeter and eve n a cen timeter level layout, doma in seepage and so on high accuracy dyn amic localizati on. The intern ati onal GPS geodetic survey served IGS with Earth dyn amics from 1992, has established many data storage a

16、nd the processing center in the whole world, year to year observed a station with hundred, our country has also set up Shanghai Yu Shan, Wuhan, Xian, Taiwan and so on many year to year measuring platforms station, these stations observation data passed on every day through the internet net to US S d

17、ata storage cen ter, IGS also n early real-time syn thesizes various data process ing cen ter the result, and the participa nt intern ati onal earth rotatio n served the IERS global coord in ates reference system maintenance and the earth rotati on parameter issue. The user also may free on-I ine ob

18、ta in product and so on observati on data and precise star experie nee from intern et. The GPS system real-time n avigati on pointing is very high,US hasimpleme nted the so-called SA policy in 1992, n amely reduces the broadcaststar to un dergo the star posi tion precision, reduces the star clock to

19、 change thepositive number the precision, adds on the high frequency vibration to thesatellite datum frequency (to cause false distance measuri ng accuracy to reducewith phase ), latter has impleme nted the A-S policy, soon P yard cha nge is Y yard namely further limi ts to the precise false dista n

20、ce survey, but America n military and special permissi on user not these polices in flue nces, but US in order to obta in the bigger commercial in terest, these policy ends are can celled. 2. GPS localization principal The GPS receiver may receive and use in the time service accurately to the nano s

21、ec ond level time in formati on; will use in to forecast the future for several mon ths the satellite to locate the summary positi on forecast star experie nce; Uses in calculates whe n the localizati on to n eed the satelli te coord in ates the broadcast star experie nce, the precisio n is (each sa

22、tellite is differe nt several meter to several doze ns meterscha nges as n ecessary); As well as GPS system in formati on, like satellite con diti on and so on. The GPS receiver may obta in the satellite sig n to the code to the receiver dista nce, because includes the receiver satellite clock the e

23、rror and the atmosphere propagated error, therefore is called the false dista nce. The false dista nce obta ins which to the OA code is called the UA code false distance, the precision approximately is about 20 meters, obtains the false distance to P yard to be called P yard false distance, the prec

24、isi on approximately is about 2 meters. The GPS receiver to the satellite sig nal which receives, carries on the decodi ng or uses other tech no logies, will modulate after the carrier the in formatio n removes, will be allowed to restore the carrier. Strict says, the carrier phase should be called

25、the carrier beat freque ncy phase, it is receives produces the Doppler shift in flue nce satellite sig nal carrier phase and receiver this machine vibration difference of the signal phase. Gen erally experie nce Yuan time which determ ined in the receiver clock surveyed, maintains to the satellite s

26、ignal track under, may record the phase change value, but starts time the observation receiver and the satellite oscillator phase change value is does not know, n amely misty degree of whole week, only can calculate in the data process ing as the parameter solution. Phase observation value precision

27、 high to millimeter, but the premise is solves misty degree of whole week, therefore only has when the relative localizati on, and has a sect ion con ti nu ously observes the value can use the phase observati on value, but must achieve meters dow n to themillimeter level also only to be able to use

28、the phase observati on value. Accord ing to the locate mode, the GPS localizati on divides into the simple point localization and the relative localization (differenee localization). The simple point localizati on is accord ing to a receiver observati on data determ ined the receiver positi on the w

29、ay, it only can use the false dista nee view survey, may use in Chef Chua n and so on the summary n avigati on localizati on. The relative localizati on (differe nee localizati on) is according to two above receivers observation data determined between the observation point the relative position met

30、hod, it already may use the false distance view survey also to be possible to use the phase view survey, the geodetic surveyor the project survey should use the phase observati on value to carry on the relative localizati on. Has contained the satellite and receiver ZhongChai, the atmospheric dissem

31、ination in the GPS view survey retards, error and soon multipart effect, whe n localizati on error the in flue nce, whe n carries on the relative localizati on the majority of public errors are counterbalaneed or weaken, therefore the pointing accuracy greatly will enhance, the double frequency rece

32、iver will be allowed to act according to two frequencies in the view survey counterbalance atmosphere the ionosphere-path error main part, will request high in the precision, between the receiver the distance will be farther when (atmosphere will have obvious difference), will be supposed to select

33、the double freque ncy receiver. When localizati on observati on, if the receiver is opposite to the earths surface movement, then is called the dynamic localization, like uses in summary navigation localizati on the and so on Chef Chua n precisi on is 30-100 meter false dista nce simple point locali

34、zation, either uses in the city vehicles navigation localization rice level precision false distance difference localization(RTK),the real-time difference localizati on n eeds the data cha in real-time tran smits two or many stati ons observati on data calculates together. When localizati on observa

35、ti on, if the receiver is opposite to the earths surface static, then is called the static localization, when carries on controls the net observes, gen erally selects this method by several receivers also to observe, it can maximum limit display GPS the pointing accuracy,special-purpose Yu Zheizhong

36、 the goal receiver is called the earth receiver,is in the receiver a performanee best kind. At present, GPS already could achieve the earths crust performanee observation the precision request, IGS year to year the measuring platform already can constitute millimeter level the global coord in ates f

37、rame. 3. RTK technologies The conventional GPS measuring technique, like the static state, the fast static state , the dyn amic survey alleed afterwards to carry on the soluti on to calculate can obtain a centimeter level the precision, but RTK is can real-time obtain the centimeter level pointing a

38、ccuracy in the open country the measuring technique, it has used the carrier phase dynamic real-time differenee (Real-timekinematics) the method, is the GPS applicati on sig ni fica nt milest on e, its appeara nee for the project layout, the terra in mapp ing, each kind of con trol survey has brough

39、t the new daw n, eno rmously enhanced the field operation work efficiency. The high accuracy GPS survey must use the carrier phase observation value,the RTK localizati on tech no logy, it can real-time provide in assig ns in the coord in ate system the three dime nsion al localizati on result, and a

40、chieves the cen timeter level precisi on. Un der the RTK work patter n, the datum sta nds through the data cha in transmi ts together its observation value and the survey station coord inates information for the mobile station. Mobile stands not only receives the data through the data link which sta

41、nds from the datum, but also must gather the GPS observation data, and composes the differe nee observati on value in the system to carry on the real-time processing, simultaneously produces the centimeter level localization result, a lasted. The mobile stati on may be at the static con diti on, als

42、o may be at the state of motio n; May first carry on the in itializati on after the fixed point to en ter the dyn amic work aga in, also may under the dynamic condition directly opening machine,and completes the week fuzz in ess search soluti on un der the dyn amic en vir onment. After end knows the

43、 number solution to be fixed, then carries on each calendar Yuan real-time processing, so long as can main tai n four above satellites phases observati on value the track and the essential geometric figure ,then the mobile station may produce the centimeter level localizati on result as n ecessary.

44、The RTK tech no logy key lies in the data process ing tech no logy and the data tran smissi on tech no logy, whe n the RTK localizati on requests the datum stati on receiver real-time the observati on data (false dista nee observati on value, phase observati on value) and the know data tran smissi o

45、n for the mobile statio n receive, the data qua ntity quite big, gen erally all requests 9,600 bauds rate, this in on radio is not difficult to realize. 4. The application of RTK (1) Each kind of con trol survey The traditi onal geodetic survey, the project con trol survey uses the tria ngular n et,

46、 the line-network method executes measured, not only requires a lot of work time-c onsuming,requestIn divisibility,moreover theprecisi ondistributi on non-uniformity, also at the field operation did not know how the precision, does use conven tio nal the GPS static state survey, the fast static stat

47、e, the false dyn amic method, survey in the process at field operation not to be able real-time to know the pointing accuracy, after if surveys completes, after returns to house processing to discover the precisi on does no t gather the request, but also must retur n measured, but uses RTK to carry

48、on the con trol survey, can real-time know the poin ti ng accuracy, if the fruits and cakes position precision request has satisfied, the user was allowed to stop observing, how moreover knew the observation quality, This may greatly enhance the work efficie ncy. If uses in the road con trol survey

49、RTK,electro nic circuit con trol survey, the hydraulic engineering control survey, the geodetic survey, then not only may greatly reducethe man power intensi ty, the econo mical expe nse, moreover greatly enhan ces the working efficiency,measured a control point may complete in several minutes even

50、several sec on ds. (2) Terra in mapp ing In the past measured whe n topographic diagram gen erally first must in measure area establishme nt chart root con trol point, the n on chart root con trol point top carriage entire station meter or altazimuth coord ination small flat panel mapping, now devel

51、ops the field operation with the entire station meter and the electronic hand coord ination thing code, uses big scale mapp ing software to carry on the mapp ing, even develops recent field operation electron dull mapping and so on, all requests in the survey station to measure all around terrain Ia

52、ndform and so on department point, these points all wi th survey stati on in divisibility, moreover gen erally requests at least 2-3 pers on to operate, n eeds whe n puts together the chart once the precisi on not to gather the request also to obtain the field operation to return measured,when now u

53、ses RTK, only needs a person to carry the in strume nt in on the terra in Ian dform departme nt point dull 12 sec ond kinds which must measure, and simulta neously in puts the characteristic code, through hand book may real-time know the position precision, after measured a region returns to in the

54、room, may output the topographic diagram by the specialized software connection which requests, like this uses RTK only to n eed a pers on to operate,does not request a between indi visibi Ii ty, greatly enhanced the working efficiency, uses the RTK coord in ati on electro n hand book to be allowed

55、to survey each kind of topographic diagram, I ike the ordinary mapping, the track , line strip the shape topographic diagram surve ying, road pipeli ne topographic diagram surve ying, coord in ates the depth-fi nding device to be allowed to use in to measure the reservoir topographic diagram, Naviga

56、ti on sea mapp ing and so on. (3) Layout Layout surveys an applicati on bran ch, it request through the certa in method to use the certa in in strume nt the spot positi on which artificial desig ns in really for to demarcate, in the past used the convention layout the method very many, like the alta

57、zimuth junction met layout, when the ent ire 50 stati on meter and so on, gen erally layout a desig n positi on, often n eeded the back and forth bile target, moreover took 2-3 pers on to operate, simulta neously also requested the in divisibility situati on in the process to be good, in the product

58、 ion applicati on the efficie ncy was not very high, sometimes layout encoun tered the difficult situati on to be able to draw support fromYu Hindu the method to layout. Sometimes, if uses the RTK tech no logy layout, only must the spot positi on coord in ates which desig ns in put to the electro n

59、han d, is carry ing the GPS receiver, it can remind you to walk to want to layout a position, both rapid and convenient, because GPS is comes directly through the coord in ates layout,the precisi on is very high, thus can greatly enhance efficie ncy, also only n eeds a pers on to operate. 5. The app

60、lication of GPS GPS offers for military and makes a reservati on and sets up accurately at first, it is still con trolled by the America n military so far. Military GPS products is it confirm and follow in field adva ncing solderi ng and coord in at ing of equipme nt in to used for mainly, the gun s