控制系统设计与仿真实验报告

1、第二章 土力学Chapter2 Soil mechanics21.Concepts in foundation engineering基础工程中的一些概念soil mechanics土力学engineering geology工程地质学foundation engineering基础工程学theory理论experience经验22.Description of soil properties土性质的描述index properties指数性质soil classification土分类stress condition应力条件permeability渗透性deformation propert

2、y变形特性shear strength抗剪强度water content含水量void ratio孔隙比unit weight容重23.Definition of geotechnical terms岩土工程术语的定义void ratio孔隙比porosity孔隙率water content含水量unit weight容重dry unit weight干容重unit weight of solid固体容重specific gravity比重degree of saturation,strein饱和度gas气体water水solid固体24.Determination of grain size

3、 distribution粒径大小分布的测定grain size粒径percent finer小于某一粒径颗粒的累计百分数hydrometer analysis液体比重计分析sieve analysis筛分sand砂土effective grain size有效粒径coefficient of uniformity均匀系数well graded级配良好uniformly graded级配均匀poorly sorted不良分选poorly graded级配不良clay粘土silt粉土sand砂土gravel砾石25.Plasticity of soils土的塑性plasticity index塑

4、性指数shrinkage limit收缩界限plastic limit塑限liquid limit液限water content含水量26.Plasticity chart塑性图liquid limit液限low plasticity低塑性medium plasticity中等塑性high plasticity高塑性A-line A-线clay粘土silt粉土plasticity index塑性指数semi solid半固体volume体积27.Distinction between clay and silt粘土和粉土的区别plasticity塑性settlement rate沉降速率dil

5、atancydaileitnsi剪胀性dry strength干强度settlements沉降suspensionsspenn悬浮28.Structure of clay粘土的结构disperseddisp:st分散flocculatedflkjuleitid絮凝positive charge正电荷negative charge负电荷29.Standard Proctor compaction test标准普洛克脱击实试验dry unit weight干容重dry density干密度maximum dry density最大干密度saturated饱和optimum water conten

6、t最佳含水量water content含水量30.Proctor compaction tests普洛克脱击实试验standard Proctor test标准普氏试验modified Proctor test修正普氏试验blows击数layer层31.Compaction curves压实曲线clay粘土silt粉土sand砂土till冰碛土standard标准modified修正water content含水量dry density干密度32.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类体系gravel砾石sand砂土silt粉土clay粘土organi

7、c有机peat泥炭well graded级配良好poorly graded级配不良silty粉质clayey粘质low plasticity低塑性high plasticity高塑性ML低塑性粉土CL低塑性粘土OL低塑性有机土MH高塑性粉土CH高塑性粘土OH高塑性有机土liquid limit液限33.Tripartite,traip:tait soil classification chart土分类的三角坐标图percent百分比clay粘粒sand砂粒silt粉粒particle size粒径34.British Standard Code of Practice for Soil Inv

8、estigations（CP2001）英国实用标准地基土勘察规范soil description土描述consistence稠度density密度structure结构colour颜色particle size粒径geological formation地质成因cohesive soils粘性土cohesionless soils无粘性土fissuredfid裂隙laminatedlmineitid片状35.Rock description（CP 2001）岩石描述colour颜色grain size颗粒大小texturetekst纹理structure结构state of weatherin

9、g风化状态rock name岩石名称strength强度mineral fragments矿物碎片rock fragments岩石碎片crystallinekristlain结晶体amorphousm:fs无定形laminated片状foliated页状uniaxial ,ju:niksil compression单轴抗压point load tests点荷载试验coarse grained粗颗粒micaceousmaikeis云母片massive块状moderately weathered中等风化sandstone砂岩36.Darcys law达西定理coefficient of perme

10、ability渗透系数hydraulic gradient水力梯度flow流动gross area毛面积/建筑面积cross area截面积37.Permeameter ,p:mimit for determination of laboratory permeability用于室内测定渗透性的渗透仪standpipe测压管Darcys law达西定理38.Pumping test for determination of field permeability测定现场渗透性抽水试验permeability渗透性piezometer孔隙水压仪infiltration ,infiltrein te

11、st渗入试验39.Permeability of soils土的渗透性gravel砾石sand砂silt粉土clay粘土pumping test抽汲试验permeability test渗透性试验constant head恒定水头falling head降落水头consolidation test固结试验40.Flow net determination流网绘制flow line流线equipotential line等势线41.Effective stress concept有效应力概念effective stress有效应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力total str

12、ess总应力42.Seepage pressure（negative pore water pressure）渗流压力（负的孔隙水压力）effective stress有效应力seepage pressure渗流压力total stress总应力43.Seepage pressure（positive pore water pressure）渗流压力（正的孔隙水压力）effective stress有效应力seepage pressure渗流压力total stress总应力quick condition流砂条件44.Stress-strain relationship of soil土的应力

13、-应变关系stress应力strain应变secantsi:knt, -knt modulus割线模量ultimate stress极限应力45.Hyperbolic stress-strain relationship双曲线的应力-应变关系stress应力strain应变hyperbolic curve双曲线46.Modulus of elasticity弹性模量stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系Poissons ratio泊松比47.Shear modulus剪切模量shear stress剪应力shear modulus剪切模量shear deformat

14、ion剪切变形48.Compression modulus压缩模量coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest侧向静止土压力系数49.Stability of footing on soil土中基脚的稳定性shear strength抗剪强度failure surface破坏面heave隆起50.Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion kraitirin库仑-摩尔破坏准则Coulomb-Mohr库仑-摩尔Terzaghi-Hvorslev太沙基-伏斯列夫angle of internal friction内摩擦角attract

15、ion内在压力cohesion内聚力shear strength抗剪强度normal stress法向应力51.Mohrs stress circle摩尔应力圆shear stress剪应力normal stress法向应力failure surface破坏面friction angle摩擦角cohesion内聚力52.Effective stress concept有效应力概念ambient mbint stress周围应力deviatordi:vieit stress偏应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力pore pressure coefficient A孔隙压力系数Ap

16、ore pressure coefficient B孔隙压力系数B53.Mohrs circle for clay soil粘土的摩尔圆shear stress剪应力normal stress法向应力compression stress压缩应力54.Stress path concept应力路径概念p-q curve p-q曲线55.Stress path concept，failure line应力路径概念，破坏线cohesion内聚力friction angle摩擦角56.Typical values of angle of internal friction of soils土的内摩擦角

17、的典型值gravel砾石sand砂土silt粉土clay粘土relative density相对密度angularity,julrti棱角度gradation级配particle size粒径57.Undrained shear strength of cohesive soils粘性土的不排水抗剪强度c/p-ratio c/p比effective stress有效应力undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度ground water level地下水位field vane test现场十字板试验58.c/p-ratio of clays粘土的c/p比normally co

18、nsolidated clay正常固结粘土plasticity index塑性指数59.Correction factor for undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度的修正系数plasticity index塑性指数stability稳定性clay粘土c/p ratio c/p比60.Effective friction angle as function of plasticity index有效摩擦角与塑性指数的关系friction angle摩擦角plasticity index塑性指数triaxial tests三轴试验61.Short term stabi

19、lity of an excavation基坑开挖的短期稳定性excavation基坑开挖normally consolidated正常固结overconsolidated超固结initial ground water level初始地下水位shear strength抗剪强度62.Long term stability of an excavation基坑开挖的长期稳定性normally consolidated clay正常固结粘土overconsolidated clay超固结粘土flow lines流线63.Effective stress analysis有效应力分析sand砂土sh

20、ear strength抗剪强度drained test排水试验64.Total stress analysis总应力分析saturated soil饱和土c-analysis c-分析65.Determination of shear strength抗剪强度的测定sand砂土silt粉土short term短期long term长期saturated饱和non-saturated非饱和c-analysis c-分析66.Laboratory tests for determination of shear strength of cohesive soils测定粘性土抗剪强度的室内试验di

21、rect shear test直剪试验triaxial test三轴试验unconfined compression test无侧限压缩试验fall cone test落锤试验vane test十字板试验67.Laboratory tests for determination of undrained shear strength测定不排水抗剪强度的室内试验direct shear test直剪试验triaxial test三轴试验unconfined compression test无侧限压缩试验fall cone test落锤试验laboratory vane test室内十字板试验68

22、.Field tests for determination of undrained shear strength测定不排水抗剪强度现场试验field vane test现场十字板试验pressuremeter test 旁压仪试验cone penetration test圆锥贯入试验standard penetration test标准贯入试验weight sounding test重量探测试验to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the conside

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