(完整版)省略句语法讲义.docx

1、省略句讲义定义在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：Beg you pardon.Sounds like a good idea.一 简单句中的省略1、 省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略Doesn t matter.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?3、省略表语。Are you thirsty? Yes, I am .His brother isnlazy,tnor is his sister .4、同时省略几个成分Let s meet at the same place asHave

2、 you finished your work ?Not yet.二 并列句中的省略yesterday.1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.（省略相同的谓语动词）三 复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：Sorry to hear you are ill.Pity that he missed such a good chance.常见的有： if possible. If necessary. What for? = why?主句中有一些成分被省略

3、、而用so 或 not 来代替 Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? I think so.这种用法常见的有： How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及 I suppose/believe/hope not. Why not? If so. If not.等等。2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词 that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个 that 则不能省略。 We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.Mary said (

4、that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old.3.定语从句中的省略在定语从句中， that, which, who 在从句中作宾语时可省略。I haven t read the book (that/ which) you re reading.4.状语从句中的省略在以 when, while, once 引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless 引导的条件状语从句中和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be 动词时，从句中可省去“主语 +be”部分。Wh

5、en he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent._If he is free, Jack will go with us._Unless he is invited, he won come. t_While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music._四 不定式中的省略动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有 be，have, have been时，要保留这些词。Are you going there?Y

6、es, I d like to .He didn t give me the chance, though he had promised to .Are you an engineer? No, but I want to . He hasn t finished the task yet.Well, he ought to .Attention !使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to 复原。I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.A man was noticed to en

7、ter the classroom.这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一 “感 ”:feel二 “听 ”:hear, listen to三 “让 ”:have, make, let四 “看 ”:watch, notice, observe, see五、虚拟句中的省略1. 在以 if 引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should 时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。If I were you, I d give the AIDS patient a hug._If I had a lot of money, I d aid the poor childre

8、n._2. 在含有表示 “命令、要求、建议、许可 ”或“禁止 ”等意义的名词性从句中使用 “should + 动词原形 ” 表示虚拟语气的， should 常可以省略。如：He suggest we shouldset out right away.The order that weshouldstay where we are is very serious and severe.六、练习1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. intro

9、duceD. being introduced2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioningB. having questionedC. QuestionedD. to be questioned3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which4. Susan, will you

10、 please go and empty that drawer? _?A. What forB. What is itC. How is itD. How come5.I m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to _ me.A. have seenB. seeingC. meetD. be met6.Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not _?A. ourselvesB. oursC. We D. us7. Did you visit the museum last

11、week? No, we _, but we spent too much time shopping.A. could haveB. couldC. must haveD. must8. Is your mother going to the supermarket ？ No ，_.A. she doesn tB. she s cooking C. she gets by busD. to a tailors shop9. She may not be free today. _， well have to put the meeting off.A. If mayB. If notC. I

12、f she may notD. If she may not be free today10. She hurriedly left the room as if _.A. she angryB. was angryC. it was angryD. angry11. _， I will help you with your work.A. If I am possibleB. If it possibleC. If possibleD. Possible12. Do you follow me ？ Yes， _.A. it is goodB. I willC. perfectlyD. ver

13、y good13. How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010? There will be only a few, if _.A. muchB. someC. anyD. many14. How are you getting on with your work? Oh, I m sorry. Things arent going so well as _.A. plansB. planningC. plannedD. to plan15. The experiment shows that proper amou

14、nts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out（浙江2010）16. Some of you may have finished unit one. _, you can go on to unit two.A. If you mayB. If you doC. If notD. If so17. What s the matter with Della? Well, her parents would

15、nhert allowtogo to the party, but she still _.A. hopes toB. hopes soC. hopes notD. hopes for18. Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? Yes. _, I m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.19. Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _.A. writesB. does writingC. is writingD. does write20. We all know that, _, the situa