中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究[文献翻译]

1、（2011届）本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译Research on the Present Situation and Measures for Sustainable Development of China EcotourismZOU Xiaoling School of Economic Management Henan Polytechnic University jiaozuoHenna,P.R.China,454000 rudz-xl163ComAbstract：As an inevitable trend of the sustainable development of tou

2、rism, Eco-tourism has become a mainstream of international tourism in the 2l the century, but a lot of problems still exist in the growth of Chinas Eco-tourismThis paper firstly explains the connotation of Eco-tourism and then analyzes the main problems of it at present in China from four aspectsBas

3、ed on the series of problems in Eco-tourism reality, developing and operating modes suitable for the Eco-tourism in China is lastly put forwardKeywords：Eco-tourism；Sustainable development；Natural Surroundings； Countermeasures1 InstructionEco-tourism is a new type of traveling which thrives rapidly a

4、nd has become the focus in the tourist circleAs sustainable tourism, eco-tourism is considered as the top and inevitable choice in the realization of sustainable development of tourism and therefore draws rich worldwide attention and obtains rapid growth, which makes it the mainstream of internation

5、al tourism in the 21 the centuryHowever, in the course of its development, a lot of problems still need further probing to realize sustainable development2 Connotation of Eco-tourismEco-tourism is a thoroughly new type of traveling which comes into being and is advocated due to the influence that tr

6、aveling has on the environmentThe concept of earlier eco-tourism refers to the idea of returning to nature”and“going back to plainness”in tourism, which stresses the exploitation of natural sightings in tourism developmentIn recent years，Eco-tourism is defined by International Eco-tourism Society as

7、 traveling with double responsibilities of reserving natural environment and the life of local peoplewhat the Eco-tourism stresses is the protection of natural sightings，and it can be called sustainable travelingFrangialli, General Secretary of World Tourism Organization of UN，pointed out in the wor

8、ld Eco-tourism summit,“Eco-tourism and its sustainable development bear imminent tasks in three aspects：economically，stimulate the economy and cut down the number of the poor；socially, create jobs for the vulnerable groups；environmentally, provide necessary financial report for the protection of nat

9、ural and cultural resourcesAll those involved in Eco-tourism should work with joint effort for the realization of the three objectives”Eco-tourism has a lot in common with sustainable development, to be specificthe objective of the former is to realize the latter3 Problems with the eco-tourism in Ch

10、inaChina has favorable conditions for eco-tourism development：first, it has a great number of potential travelers。and the demand for eco-tourism is on the increase with the awakening of peoples ecological awareness；secondly, it possesses rich eco-tourism resources. The results obtained by China Nati

11、onal Committee of Man and Biosphere(MAB)of UNESCO in its investigation in more than 100 nature reserves of provincial or higher levels indicate that 82 of the reserves have been in the formal business of tourism, and 12 of the reserves has more than 100，000 travelers annuallyEco-tourism in the natur

12、e reserves in China is now in the ascendant with the annual travelers close to 25 millions and the annual income approximating 520 millions YuanSome of the reserves are playing the leading role in stimulating the local tourismDue to the short history of the tourism development in China, people still

13、 lack scientific understanding of the relation between traveling and environmentand the eco-tourism development is still in its infancyStresses are put on traveling in nature and exploiting traveling resources，while the influence on environment and damage on resources that traveling itself has are i

14、gnoredActually, tourism development has brought serious pollution to the environment and triggered a series of problem in reality, about which a lot of experts and scholars are concernedProblems in ecological tourism development are analyzed in four main aspects from the perspective of the objective

15、s to be achieved in ecological tourism4 Explore a sustainable development of eco-tourismTo have a sustainable development, the eco-tourism should be in harmony with nature without being at the cost of the environmentThere should be a proper pace of development, a limited number of tourists permitted

16、 and stronger environmental awareness Otherwise, too many tourists will bring overburden to the spots and destroy the surroundings indispensable for eco-tourismAccordingly, the sustainable development of eco-tourism will not be accomplishedBased on the serious of problems in eco-tourism, we should f

17、ocus on establishing developing and operating modes suitable for the eco-tourism in China and on correcting the inappropriate practice in its development41 Strengthen legislation on eco-tourism, environmental management and scientific planLegislation should be strengthened since vulnerable areas in

18、ecological system are involved in eco-tourism zoneIt is an emergency to set up laws and regulations on eco-tourism development and supervision based on the existing laws of nature reserves and forest parksTaking nature reserves as an example，the surrounding management related to eco-tourism should b

19、e operated on different stagesThere are different focuses on different stages in aspects of surrounding management in project initiation stage and construction stage，in ecological monitoring and post-evaluation after the business startsIn eco-tourism projecting，a team professional in ecological proj

20、ecting can guarantee a good program, and voices from different interest groups should be listened and coordinated。Meanwhile，as a special program, the eco-tourism project should subordinate to the general planning of the reserves or forest parksBefore projecting, a serious of tasks should be finished

21、Feasibility should be studied and traveling resource value and its market potential and the effect of tourist development on surroundings should be investigated and assessedThen projects of various kinds consistent with the eco-tourism objective should be designed, such as the land using project, si

22、ght project, water resource and energy project and environmental protection project, etc4.2 Establish a special operating mode of enterprise engaged in eco-tourism developing and operatingMultiple objectives should be taken into consideration when developing eco-tourism products. Therefore，enterpris

23、es engaged in eco-tourism development and operation should not just chase for direct profit, they should carry on humanistic care in their strategic objective and hold the concept of green business in their operation and take it as their brand mark when establishing their image in the marketGreen bu

24、siness can be achieved through the developing and operating mode by which the eco-tourism enterprises bring the influence on surroundings down to the minimum in their operationFor example, youth hotels and family inns which an less influential on surroundings are applicable for lodgingTo be green-bu

25、siness restaurants，selling of wild life and plants under protection should be prohibited and services going against the local custom and culture are not provided thereFeasible authorization systems or free-will-based criteria like ecological symbol can be adopted in marketing of eco-tourism enterpri

26、sesso as to show to the potential customers their consistence with the sustainable development principle and the reliability of their products and services.4.3 Establish a training system of employees engaged in coo-tourism to make the locals involvedIt is impossible to stimulate the sustainable dev

27、elopment of the local economy by exploiting ecological tourist zones if the locals are excluded from the exploitation and managementThe locals are the foundation of eco-tourism development as well as the alternative to improve the local employment and economy, and taking them into the exploitation a

28、nd management of it is a key to its success. The high professional standards of ecological exploitation and management requires the establishment of the training system of people engaged in eco-tourism, which is an important bridge of converting the local labor force and a critical link to get the l

29、ocal truly involvedThe ecological tourist zone training system should be categorized into three levels：firstly, training of administrative staffAdministrative staff includes those from the administrative department in charge of tourist zone surroundings and high-level managerial staff from the eco-t

30、ourism enterprises. The training can take the form of borrowing external brains like inviting ecological or tourist experts at regular intervals to give lectures or training classesSecondly is training of common employeesCommon employees are trained in the regulation and requirements of eco-tourism

31、zones and operation regulation of the enterprises in the principle of on-the-spot conversionThe training can take the form of studying occupational traveling schools or traveling colleges funded with money got from the eco-tourism profit under the feedback mechanismAnd also the enterprises can hold

32、on-the-job training to achieve the same goalThirdly, popularize environmental protection knowledge among the localsIt would be more acceptable to the locals if the concept of environment -friendly eco-tourism is combined with local culture and custom in various forms like publicity and education win

33、dows，broadcasting and television etcThe locals are supposed to participate in the exploitation and management of eco-tourism like lodging reception, special transportation, tourist shopping and other traveling tours with local cultural characteristicsand their opinions should also be considered in t

34、he determination of eco-tourism exploitation4.4 Strengthen tourist management and provide eco-tourism market educationChinas tourists still lack environmental protection awareness at present, which will easily lead to the damage of ecological system and requires strict tourist managementThe manageme

35、nt can be done in the following three aspects：Firstly, guide tourists by economic means like tickets and technical means like route planning and separated area planning in accordance with the environment bearing capability of the scenic spots to realize rational allocation of time and space and achi

36、eve the goal of not destroying the internal ecological system of the scenic spotsSecondly, give tourists environment education by using showcases，video，posters，books，pamphlets and tourist guide interpreting system in the scenic spotsInform the tourists of the regulation they have to obey clearly bef

37、ore the tour startsIt would be effective to educate and influence the tourists with the doings of the eco-tourism enterprise working staff and the environmental protection atmosphere in the surrounding communitiesThirdly, law, regulation and systems should be set up in eco-tourism scenic spots to re

38、strict tourists and avoid negative effects on the surroundingsThe implementation of the above measures can foster responsible tourists and serves as a market education means of eco-tourismIt will necessarily accelerate the rising and maturity of the eco-tourism market in China4.5 Set up supplementar

39、y systems under the plan and guidance of ecological and traveling expertsEco-tourism demands developing and operating professionals and strong scientific supportIt is unrealistic for traveling enterprises to supply for a large number of researchersAs a professional traveling type，on the one hand, ec

40、o-tourism should get technical innovation with the progress of environmental protection industry and apply its newest technology to the production；on the other hand, to minimize the influence traveling has on ecology, they have to undertake regular test, research and comparison of environmentAdditio

41、nally, eco-tourism research agencies are not qualified for the long-term management in the spotsTherefore，it is quite necessary to establish supplementary systems under the plan and guidance of ecological and traveling expertsAs far as specific practice is concerned，firsteco-tourism spots should est

42、ablish friendly relation with research agencies whose experts the spots invite as their consultants or they set up think tank to provide guidance and consultationThe experts or think tank make suggestion for the development of eco-tourism at the early stage of projecting and exploitation, provide en

43、vironment reports for the administrative departments in charge of the spots regularly, and give proposals to rectify the actual deviationsSecond, strengthen the communication between eco-tourism administrative departments and research agenciesEstablish mechanism of cooperation between eco-tourism ad

44、ministrative departments and research agencies to strengthen innovative research of eco-tourism theories，promote technical and administrative innovation of eco-tourism and set down scientific regulation and technical standards of eco-tourismThrough cooperation in the two aspects，research results of

45、eco-tourism will be fully applied and a large number of experts and scholars be involved in the supplementary systems5 ConclusionAs a new economic growth point，eco-tourism promotes the development of tourism and helps enhance the local economic growth and gains support from governments of different

46、levels. What must be done at present is to establish legal and regulation systems of eco-tourism to make all the work concerned with it legalized to achieve the goal of legal establishment, legal operation and legal managementTo the projects which dont follow the requirement and damage the natural s

47、cenery resources，there should be rectification to lead them to the healthy developing wayFor the reason that China is still a toddler in eco-tourism and the theory and practice is at the exploring stage，the sustainable development of eco-tourism is a complicated and systematic project which has a lo

48、ng way to goIn the process of implementation, we should use foreign advanced experiences for reference and have worldwide exchange to seek international cooperation and aid based on our national situation and the principle of Self-relianceBy forging ahead with the developmental spirit call we achiev

49、e ecological protection and its permanent utility and the sustainable development of ecological tourism二、翻译文章中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究邹晓玲河南焦作理工大学 经济管理干部学院 ：454000 rudz-xl163 摘要：作为一种旅游业可持续发展的必然趋势，生态旅游已成为21世纪国际旅游的主流，但是，日益增长中的中国生态旅游存在着很多问题。本文首先解释了生态旅游的基本内涵，然后从四个方面分析中国生态旅游发展现状中存在的主要问题。基于发展生态旅游存在一系列问题的现实,在文章的

50、最后提出了适合中国生态旅游的开发和经营模式。关键词：生态旅游，可持续发展，自然环境，对策1 引言生态旅游作为一种新型的发展迅速的旅游方式已成为旅游圈的焦点。生态旅游作为可持续旅游被认为是在实现旅游业可持续发展的必然选择，吸引全世界的关注并获得快速增长，这使得它成为21世纪国际旅游的主流，然而在其发展过程中很多问题还需要进一步探索，以实现可持续发展。2 生态旅游的内涵生态旅游作为一种彻底的新型的旅游方式出现，对环境产生了一些影响。早期生态旅游的概念指的是“回归自然”、“回归朴实”，其中强调在旅游发展中开发自然风景。近年来，国际生态旅游协会定义生态旅游为具有保留自然环境和当地居民生活的双重责任。生

51、态旅游注重自然的保护，也可以叫做可持续旅游。联合国世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利，在世界生态旅游峰会上指出：“生态旅游与可持续发展承担三个方面的任务：经济，刺激经济和减少贫困人口数量。社会，为弱势群体创造就业机会；环境，为天然和文化资源的保护提供必要的财政报告。所有关联到生态旅游的元素应与参与工作的三个目标共同实现。” 生态旅游与可持续发展具有很多共同点，前者是细节，目标是实现后者。3 中国生态旅游的问题中国具有生态旅游发展的有利条件：首先，它有大量潜在的旅客。并且生态旅游的需求与生态觉悟日渐加强； 其次，它拥有丰富的生态旅游资源。人与生物圈计划委员会（MAB）教科文组织在其100多个省级以上级别

52、的自然保护区调查结果表明，全国储备了82个正式的商务旅游，并且有12个储备地年年超过100,000个旅客。生态旅游在中国自然保护区发展了接近25年，年收入52000万元的储备。其中部分储备在刺激地方旅游业方面发挥主导作用。由于旅游业在中国发展的历史很短，人们对旅游和环境之间的关系仍然缺乏科学的理解。并且生态旅游发展初期，重点在自然旅游和开发旅游资源，而忽略了旅游对环境本身的影响和破坏。实际上，很多专家和学者关注到，旅游业开发给环境带来了严重的污染及一系列的问题。4生态旅游可持续发展的探索要想有可持续发展，生态旅游发展应该与自然一致，不能以环境为代价。应该有发展的适当的步幅，限制旅游者数量，强化

53、环保意识。否则，过多游客将带来过重的负担并且毁坏周围不可缺少的生态旅游资源，相应地，生态旅游的可持续发展是不会成功的。基于生态旅游的严肃问题，我们应该集中精力开发适用于中国生态旅游的操作方式并且改正不适合实际发展的做法。4.1加强关于生态旅游、环境管理和科学计划应该加强在生态学系统中脆弱的生态旅游区域的立法。基于现有的自然区域和森林公园法律，设定生态旅游发展的法律和规定显得很紧急。以自然保护为例，与生态旅游有关的周围环境的管理应分为不同的阶段。环境管理不同的阶段有不同的侧重点，项目启蒙阶段和建筑阶段，生态监督和建后评估。根据生态旅游预测，一个生态计划的专家团队能够设计出一个好的项目并协调好不同的利益集团。与此同时，作为一项特别计划，生态旅游项目应服从于保护区或森林公园的总体规划。预测之前，要先完成一系列的工作：要进行可行性研究、旅游资源价值评估、市场潜力预测和对周围环境的影响的调查。应设计与生态旅游的目标一致的各种项目，如土地使用项目，景观规划，水资源和能源项目和环保项目等