汽车英语·打印版本

1、第一类 MOTOR VEHICLE 汽车17一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.1 Car 轿车passenger car轿车Mini-car微型轿车subcompact car普通级轿车compact car中级轿车intermediate car中高级轿车limousine car高级轿车1.2 Bus 客车bus客 车mini-bus微型客车light bus轻型客车medium bus中型客车large bus大型客车extra bus特大型客车articulated bus铰链客车double-deck bus双层客车1.3 Motor truck 货车mo

2、tor truck货 车mini- truck微型货light truck轻型货车medium truck中型货车heavy truck重型货车off-road vehicle越野汽车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车special purpose vehicle专用汽车van厢式汽车tanker罐式汽车dump truck自卸汽车semi-trailer towing vehicle半挂牵引汽车full-trailer toeing vehicle全挂牵引汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main components of ve

3、hicle 汽车主要组成engine 发动机front axle前 桥wheel车 轮clutch离合器gearbox变速器propeller shaft传动轴universal joint万向节final drive and differential主减速器和差速器rear axle后 桥body车 身2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能maximum speed of the automobile汽车最高车速time of acceleration of the automobile汽车加速时间maximum grad-ability of the automobile

4、汽车最大爬坡度constant-speed fuel economy of the automobile汽车等速油耗economical speed of the automobile汽车经济车速2.3 engine position 发动机布置front engine , rear wheel drive前置发动机，后轮驱动rear engine , rear wheel drive后置发动机，后轮驱动front engine , front wheel drive前置发动机，前轮驱动under cab-floor engine驾驶室下置发动机underfloor engine车厢地板下置发

5、动机三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸vehicle overall length车长vehicle overall width车宽vehicle overall height车高front overhang前悬real overhang后悬wheelbase轴距tread轮距ground clearance 最小离地间隙angle of incidence接近角descent angle离去角四、Wheel alignment前轮定位caster 主销后倾steering axis inclination主销内倾camber 前轮外倾toe-in前轮前束五、Diameter o

6、f turning circle 转弯直径steering angle 转向角outside diameter of minimum turning circle最小转弯外径minimum turning circle diameter最小转弯直径Inside diameter of minimum turning circle最小转弯内径Turning clearance circle转弯通道圆第二类 ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造rocker arm cover摇臂罩valve rocker arm气门摇臂camshaft凸轮轴camshaft

7、drive凸轮轴驱动轮spark plug lead火花塞导线timing belt cover正时皮带罩valve spring气门弹簧poppet valve菌形气门piston活塞connecting rod连杆timing belt正时皮带combustion chamber燃烧室cylinder block汽缸体water jacket 水套oil filter机油滤清器flywheel飞轮ring gear齿圈oil gage机油标尺oil pan/sump油底壳shaft曲轴drain plug放油孔塞v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term 基本术

8、语cylinder diameter汽缸直径piston stroke活塞行程crank radius曲轴半径piston displacement活塞排量compression chamber volume压缩室容积total cylinder volume总汽缸容积top dead center上止点bottom dead center下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理intake stroke进气行程compression

9、stroke压缩行程expansion stroke膨胀行程exhaust stroke 排气行程combustible mixture可燃混合气intake valve进气门spark plug火花塞exhaust valve排气门exhaust gas废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理intake stroke进气行程compression stroke压缩行程expansion stroke膨胀行程exhaust stroke 排气行程intake进气compression压缩combustion

10、燃烧expansion膨胀exhaust排气air空气injector喷油器exhaust gas废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理combustible mixture可燃混合气inlet port进气口crankcase曲轴箱Pre-compressed mixture预压混合气transfer canal输气道intake port进气口exhaust port排气口exhaust gas废气spark plug火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation pr

11、inciple二冲程柴油机工作原理air空气blower pump扫气泵Pre-compressed air预压空气air chamber空气室inlet port 进气口injector喷油器exhaust valve排气门exhaust gas废气四、Engine performance 发动机性能fixed throttle characteristics速度特性part throttle characteristics 负荷特性engine speed转速torque扭矩horsepower功率specific fuel consumption燃油消耗率五、Crank connecti

12、ng rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组cylinder block汽缸体cylinder liner汽缸套cylinder bearing surface汽缸套表面cylinder head汽缸盖inlet manifold mounting flange进气歧管凸缘oil inlet hole加油孔cylinder head cover汽缸盖罩cylinder head gasket汽缸盖衬垫oil filter mounting flange机油滤清器凸缘ventilating pipe mounting seat通风管座cylinder

13、block stiffening rib汽缸体加强肋rear main bearing cover后主轴承罩main bearing cap主轴承盖oil sumppan gasket油底壳衬垫oil sump/pan油底壳fuel pump mounting flange燃油泵凸缘ignition distributor mounting flange分电器凸缘camshaft bearing bush seat凸轮轴轴承座camshaft drive(gear) cover凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩cylinder head cover gasket汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecti

14、ng rod 活塞连杆组connecting rod shank连杆杆身connecting rod small end连杆小头connecting rod bushing连杆衬套spring clip弹簧卡环piston pin活塞销piston head活塞头部piston ring groove活塞环槽compression ring压缩环oil scraper ring 油环piston skirt活塞裙部piston pin boss活塞销座connecting rod bearing half-shell连杆轴瓦connecting rod cap连杆螺栓connecting ro

15、d cap连杆大头盖Connecting rod end连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组crankshaft front end曲轴前端front main journal前主轴颈oil passage hole机油孔crank pin 曲柄销crank web曲柄臂counterweight 平衡重crankshaft collar曲轴后端凸缘flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈flywheel lock plate飞轮锁片clutch shaft bearing离合器轴轴承main bearing half-shell(upper,lower)主

16、轴承（上、下）轴瓦crankshaft thrust half-ring曲轴止推片bearing tang轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门camshaft凸轮轴cam凸轮tappet气门挺杆side valve侧置气门crankshaft timing gear曲轴正时齿轮camshaft gear-wheel凸轮轴齿轮gear drive齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门camshaft 凸轮轴camfollower凸轮顶杆push rod推杆adjuster调整螺钉cocker shaft摇臂轴rocker

17、shaft摇臂valve spring气门弹簧valve 气门气道combustion chamber燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门camshaft front bearing凸轮轴前轴承valve head气门头valve stem气门杆tappet挺筒lower valve spring collar气门弹簧下环outer valve spring外气门弹簧valve guide气门导管inner valve spring内气门弹簧shielding cap护帽oil flinger油封upper valve spring collar气门弹簧上环valve spli

18、t cone 气门锁片closer螺塞rocker shaft摇臂轴rocker arm摇臂rocker bracket摇臂支座retaining washer定位摇臂thrust washer止推摇臂rocker adjusting screw摇臂调整螺钉push rod推杆camshaft rear bush凸轮轴后轴承camshaft 凸轮轴camshaft center bush凸轮轴中间轴承承cam凸轮oil pump driving gear机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图TDC（top dead center）上止点BDC(bottom

19、dead center)下止点intake opens进气门开intake close进气门关exhaust opens排气门开exhaust closes排气门关direction of rotation旋转方向七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system 汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵fuel level gauge油面指示表air cleaner空气滤清器carburetor化油器inlet manifold进气歧管exhaust manifold排气歧管fuel pump汽油泵fuel filter汽油滤清器exhaust silencer排气消声器

20、fuel pipe油管fuel tank汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器intake tube进气管deflector knob 导流旋扭air deflector空气导流器cleaner body滤清器壳butterfly nut蝶形螺帽filter cover滤清器盖filter seal ring滤清器密封环cleaner cartridge滤清器滤芯silencer element消声元件crankcase bleed pipe曲轴箱通风管hot air pipe热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器fuel pump base

21、汽油泵座diaphragm膜片fuel inlet neck汽油进口fuel pump body汽油泵壳filter screen清器网bowl cover泵盖fuel feed port汽油出口distance washer调整间隔垫圈diaphragm spring膜片弹簧rocker arm摇臂fulcrum pin杠杆支点销fuel filter汽油滤清器filter body滤清器壳filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯glass bowl玻璃滤杯bowl retaining clip滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器air cleaner空气滤清

22、器valve needle针阀float浮子nozzle喷管chock tube喉管throttle valve节气门intake manifold进气歧管metering jet量孔float chamber浮子室intake valve进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器down-draft carburetor下喷式化油器float chamber浮子室choke tube喉管two-barrel carburetor双管化油器plug旋塞filter gauze滤清器金属丝网fuel inlet port进气门口valve seat阀座float needle valve浮子针阀

23、float pivot pin 浮子销float chamber浮子室accelerator pump加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件throttle lever节气门杆pull lever拉杆release lever放松杆throttle valve spindle节气门轴main metering jet主量孔idle metering jet怠速量孔accelerator pump加速泵输出discharge nozzle喷管ball valve球阀emulsion pipe泡沫管air jet 空气喷孔starting device jet起动喷孔acc

24、elerator pump piston加速泵活塞operating cam操纵凸轮Accelerator pump lever加速泵杆adjustable stop可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件throttle control lever节气门操纵杆connecting lever rod连接拉杆cable wire拉索connecting adaptor连接杆cable hose拉索软管cable grommet拉索橡胶圈throttle control cable handle节气门操纵拉钮choke control cable handle阻风门

25、操纵拉钮pedal lever bracket踏板拉杆支架accelerator pedal加速踏板accelerator pedal hinge加速踏板铰链accelerator pedal 加速踏板mounting bracket安装支架flexible boot cap挠性防尘护套roller滚子accelerator pedal lever加速踏板杠杆accelerator pedal 加速踏板return spring回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射fuel tank汽油箱electric fuel pump电动汽油泵fuel filter 燃油滤清器d

26、istributor pipe分油管pressure regulator 压力调节器electronic control unit电控单元injector喷油器start valve起动阀idle-speed adfusting screw怠速调节螺钉throttle-valve switch节气门开关airflow sensor空气流量计relay继电器组oxygen sensor氧传感器coolant-temperature sensor冷却液温度传感器thermo time switch温度时间开端distributor分电器auxiliary-air device补充空气阀idle-m

27、ixture adfusting screw怠速混合气调节螺钉battery蓄电池ignition starter switch点火起动开关7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector 电动汽油泵,喷油器inlet汽油relief valve卸压阀roller-cell pump液子泵permanent magnet永久磁铁armature电枢non-return valve单向阀outlet出油fuel inlet燃油进口filter inlet滤清器electrical connection电插头solenoid winding电磁开关线阀solenoid plunger

28、电磁铁芯7.10 Sensor 传感器terminal电接头hosing壳体thermistor热敏电阻oxygen sensor氧传感器electrical connector电连接器cover保护管body传感器体shield over element保护元件八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机工友系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵fuel tank柴油箱overflow valve溢油箱fuel filter 柴油滤清器feed pipe 低压油管fuel feed pump手动输油泵fuel feed pump输油泵injection pump喷油泵ret

29、urn pipe 回油管pressure pipe 高压油管combustion chamber燃烧室injector喷油器exhaust pipe排气管exhaust valve排气门return pipe 排油管intake pipe进气管8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室 type chamber 型燃烧室ball type chamber球型燃烧室Swirl chamber涡流室燃烧室precombustion chamber预燃室燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵camshaft凸轮轴roller tappet滚轮挺柱plunger spring柱塞

30、弹簧plunger柱塞control sleeve控制套筒control rod lack控制齿条inlet port进油口pump cylinder泵缸feeding gallery进油通道delivery valve出油阀pressure pipe adaptor高压油管接头8.4 Injection 喷油器nozzle holder喷油器体fuel inlet passage进油通道leak-off adaptor漏油接头inlet adaptor 进油接头leak-off passage漏油通道adjusting shim调整垫片nozzle valve spring 针阀弹簧clea

31、rance filter间隙滤芯spring adjusting screw弹簧调整螺钉8.5 Speed governor 调速器accelerator pedal linkage加速踏板杆件operating lever 操纵杆control rod link 控制杆连接件flyweight飞块floating lever浮动杠杆eccentric shaft偏心轴九、Exhaust system 排气系统bracket 支架bracket plate支板exhaust manifold joint排气歧管接头double manifold双排歧管double manifold colla

32、r双排歧管凸缘exhaust clip排气管夹头pipe U-bolt排气管U型螺栓flexible support挠性支座front silence前消声器flexible mounting plate挠性安装板distance sleeve间隔套管silencer flexible mounting消声器挠性安装件protecting plate防护板rear silencer后消声器intermediate pipe中间排气管front exhaust pipe前段排气管copper-asbestos gasket紫铜-石棉垫网十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1

33、 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统inlet port进气口compressor压气机inlet valve进气门exhaust valve排气门turbine蜗轮exhaust port排气口10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器air inlet port空气进口compressor压气机oil supply 润滑油入口oil return润滑油出口exhaust gas废气（柴油机）turbine蜗轮exhaust gas废气（蜗轮）十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统air

34、pump空气泵air passage空气通道NOx catalytic convertor NOx催化反应器HC/CO catalytic convertor HC/CO催化反应器silencer消声器bypass valve旁通阀11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器catalyst催化剂颗粒internal pipe内筒housing外筒shell壳体heat insulating material绝热材料high temperature sensor高温传感器十二、Engine-cooling system发动机冷却机12.1 Water cooling syste

35、m 水冷系radiator散热器radiator bottom tank散热器下贮水室radiator core散热器芯radiator top tank散热器上贮水室fan风扇water jacket水套overflow pipe 溢流管drain plug放水阀thermostat节温器thermostat main valve节温器主阀thermostat flexible bellows节温器挠性波纹管thermostat bypass valve节温器旁通管12.2 Radiator 传感器bottom radiator pipe散热器出水软管radiator cowl散热器罩top

36、 radiator cowl散热器进水软管blind cable百页窗拉索radiator filter散热器加水口radiator shutter散热器百页窗radiator filter cap散热器加水口盖vacuum relief valve真空安全阀pressure relief valve减压阀filter sealing plate加水口密封板radiator roller blind散热器滚筒式百页帘12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵fan blade风扇叶片fan hub风扇毂fan belt风扇皮带fan pulley风扇皮带轮shaft bearing水泵

37、轴承pump body泵体water main inlet port进水口water bypass inlet neck旁通进水口self-adjusting seal unit自动调节密封件pump impeller水泵叶轮pump cover泵盖cover gasket泵盖衬垫water outlet port出水口fan and pump shaft风扇与水泵轴12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系blower风扇blower-casing 风扇外壳reactor定子叶轮reactor blade定子叶片cooling air冷却空气air cooled cylinder

38、 head风冷汽缸盖deflector导向叶片cylinder head fin气缸盖肋片cylinder block fin气缸体肋片heating air outlet热空气出口air cooled cylinder风冷气缸体exhaust manifold排气歧管blower pulley风扇皮带轮blower impeller风扇叶轮v-belt V型皮带impeller blade叶轮叶片十三、Engine-lubrication system 发动机润滑系13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑oil passage油道oil filter tube加油管oil

39、 filter cap加油管盖bypass oil cleaner分流式机油滤清器oil pressure sensor油压传感器dipstick油标尺oil drain hole放油孔oil strainer机油集滤器oil pressure relief valve机油限压阀oil pump outlet pipe机油泵出油管centrifugal oil cleaner离心式机油滤清器gear chain lubrication jet齿轮链条润滑喷孔gear chain lubrication passage齿轮链条润滑油道main pressure oil passage主油道13.

40、2 Oil pump 机油泵oil pressure relief valve spring限压阀弹簧oil pressure relief valve ball限压阀钢球oil pump cover plate机油泵盖板oil pump gear机油泵齿轮oil pump body机油泵壳体driving shaft pilot sleeve驱动轴导套oil pump driving shaft机油泵驱动轴oil pump driving gear机油泵驱动齿轮oil inlet pipe进油管lock washer止锁垫圈oil suction pipe joint进油管接头oil str

41、ainer cover机油集滤器盖screen strainer滤网oil strainer bottom机油集滤器底版13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器handle手柄cap nut盖形螺帽filter shaft滤清器轴filter cover滤清器盖thrust plate压板filtering disc滤片distance disc隔片filtering element bolt滤清元件螺栓thrust washer止推垫圈filter body滤清器壳体drain plug放油塞cleaning edges滤清肋片cleaning edges spindle滤清肋片芯轴fi

42、lter cover base滤清器支座pressure relief valve限压阀filter cover bolt滤清器盖螺栓cartridge滤芯13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器radiator core散热器芯子stiff pipe硬管stiff pipe shackle硬管夹架oil inlet hose进油软管T-pipe T型管shut-off cock旋塞开关connecting pipe接头oil outlet host出油软管十四、Engine-ignition system 发动机点火系14.1 Ignition system 点火系co

43、il点火线圈engine camshaft发动机凸轮轴distributor drive rotate分电器驱动轴contact breaker继电器触点capacitor电容器rotor转子distributor cap分电器盖high tension lead高压导线sparking plug火花塞vehicle frame车架14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池battery cell电池cell cover电池盖battery negative terminal蓄电池负极接头cell filler plug电池加液盖battery positive terminal蓄电池正极接

44、头cell connector电池连接件negative plate负极板separator隔板positive plate正极板sediment space沉淀区cell separator电池隔板14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈winding insulating layer绕组绝缘涂层core insulating tube铁芯绝缘管primary winding初级线圈winding insulation绕组绝缘层clamping ring夹圈magnetic core磁芯primary terminal初级线圈接线柱high-tension lead terminal高

45、压导线接线柱ignition coil head点火线圈盖insulating material绝缘材料supplementary resistor附加电阻magnetic shield磁屏蔽high-tension winding高压线圈core insulator铁芯绝缘座coil case线圈外壳14.4 Distributor 分电器ignition coil cable terminal点火线圈导线接头spark plug cable terminal火花塞导线接头distributor cap分电器盖distributor cap inner contact分电器盖内触点distr

46、ibutor rotor arm分电臂contact arm触点臂breaker fixed contact断电器固定触点breaker spring断电器弹簧breaker plate断电器底版distributor shaft分电器轴distributor case分电器壳cap clamp spring分电器盖弹簧夹manual spark-advance selector手动点火提前角选择器vacuum spark-advance control真空式点火提前角调节装置centrifugal spark-advance control离心式点火提前角调节装置breaker cam断电器

47、凸轮capacitor容电器lubricating felt润滑油毡carbon contact碳触头contact point触点terminal接头14.5 Spark plug 火花塞spark plug terminal pin火花塞电极销pin insulation电极销绝缘体spark plug insulator火花塞绝缘体spark plug body rim火花塞壳体凸缘spark plug body hexagon火花塞六角壳体spark plug body火花塞壳体center electrode中心电极spark plug thread火花塞螺纹spark gap火花间

48、隔earth electrode接地电极hot plug热型火花塞normal spark plug标准火花塞cold plug冷型火花塞heat conductance way导热途径14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火magnetic slug磁铁芯magnetic sensor磁性传感器magnetic pluse generator磁脉冲发生器electronic control unit电子控制单元ignition coil点火线圈vacuum sensor真空传感器flywheel rim飞轮齿圈ignition lock点火开关high-tension di

49、stributor高压分电器amplifier放大器throttle valve switch节气门开关reference angle switch基准角开关rotational-speed sensor转速传感器proximity sensor非接触式传感器microprocessor微处理机supplementary sensor input附加传感器输入端十五、Engine-starting system 发动机起动系15.1 Starting system 起动系starting switch起动开关contact point触点contact plate接触盘magnetic coi

50、l磁化线圈starting breaker起动断电器magnetic core铁芯15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机drive pinion驱动小齿轮coupling sleeve连接套筒push drive engaging lever推动式驱动杠杆starter fixed contact起动机固定触点starting switch起动开关switch moving contact开关活动触点main terminal fixed Contact电源接头固定触点starter armature起动机电枢pole piece极片brush-holder电刷架spiral

51、brush spring电刷卷簧armature winding strand电枢绕组股线stator frame定子架field coil 磁场线圈shaft collar sleeve轴环套筒armature shaft crewed grooves电枢轴螺旋槽starter drive head起动机驱动端盖freewheel housing自由轮外壳coupling sleeve spider十字连结套筒jamming roller抑制滚柱十六、New type engines 新型发动机16.1 Rotary piston engine 旋转活塞发动机clutch shaft离合器轴

52、cylinder气缸coolant inlet pipe冷却液进入管carburetor化油器piston gear活塞齿轮engine shaft发动机轴oil inlet pipe 机油进入管counterweight平衡重spark plug火花塞rotary piston旋转活塞16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机impeller unit叶轮组compressor turbine压缩机涡轮power turbine动力涡轮output reduction gear输出减速齿轮fuel nozzle assembly燃油喷嘴总成combustion chamber燃烧室16.3

53、Stirling engine 斯特林发动机（热气机）annular air passage环形空气通道displacer piston配气活塞displacer piston rod配气活塞杆power piston动力活塞power piston linkage动力活塞杆power piston rod动力活塞桅杆power piston connecting rod动力活塞连杆displacer pistonconnecting rod配气活塞连杆displacer piston linkage配气活塞桅杆Injector喷油器combustion chamber燃烧室heater加热器

54、regenerator固热器cooler冷却器counter weight平衡重synchronize gear同步齿轮crank pin曲柄销第三类 CHASSIS 底盘一、Drive line 传动系1.1 Layout of drive line 传动系示意图gearbox变速器propeller shaft传动轴universal joint万向节final drive and differential主减速器和差速器driving axle驱动桥1.2 Friction clutch 摩擦离合器clutch housing离合器壳pressure plate压板release lever分离杠杆clutch cover离合器盖release thrust bearing分离推动轴承release sleeve分离套筒release sleeve guide分离套筒导套release y