华中科技大学专业英语单词整理

1、Lesson 1Mechanics of materials 材料力学applied mechanics 应用力学 strength of materials 材料强度mechanics of deformable bodies 变形体力学subject to 遭受axially-load 轴向力bar 杆shaft 轴beam 梁column 柱wire 金属线be assemblies of 由装配component 组件stress 应力strain 应变deformation 变形failure load 破坏荷载complete picture 完整概念mechanical beha

2、vior of the body 材料力学性能theoretical analysis 理论分析experimental result 实验结论logical derivation 逻辑推导formula and equation 公式和方程be used in a realistic way 实际应用by contrast 相反mathematical theory of column 柱的数学理论critical load 临界荷载the basis of column theory 柱子理论基础property of material 材料性能simple structural elem

3、ent 简单的结构部件tension 拉力compression 压力shear 剪力be illustrated in an elementary way 初步阐述extension of prismatic bar等直杆的拉伸（棱柱）constant cross section 等截面straight axis 直轴线axial force 轴力uniform stretching or tension 均匀的伸长或拉伸artificial cut 人为切断right angles 垂直isolate 隔离free body 隔离体right-hand end 右端tension forc

4、e 拉应力removed portion 移去部分continuously distribute 连续分布hydrostatic pressure 流体静力学intensity of force 力的集度per unit area 单位面积uniform distribution 均匀分配resultant 合力times 乘the equilibrium of the body物体的平衡equal in magnitude 大小相等opposite in direction 方向相反uniform stress 均匀应力units 单位force divided by area 力除以面积p

5、ounds of per square inch 傍/平方英寸kips of per square inch 千磅/平方英寸tension stress 拉应力compressive stress 压应力be compress 受拉demonstrate 证明statics 静力学bend 弯曲elongation 伸长nondimensional quantity 无量纲的量adjacent cross 相邻截面Lesson 2stress resultant 应力合力transverse to 垂直于plane of symmetry 对称平面unsymmetrical cross sec

6、tion 非对称截面pin support 固定铰支座roller support 可动铰支座fixed support 刚支座a simply supported beam/simple beam 简支梁rotate freely 自由转动lateral direction侧向horizontally 水平地sustain vertical reaction 承受竖向反力cantilever beam 悬臂梁rotate and translate 转动和移动free end自由端overhand 悬挑梁concentrated force 集中力distributed load 分布荷载u

7、niform distributed load 均匀分布荷载intensity 集度constant 常数as a function of 作为的函数statically determinate 静定statically indeterminate 超静定equation of static equilibrium 静力方程summing moments about the end 对端点力矩求和in the same manner 同样的方法be equilibrated by 被平衡couple 力偶moment 力矩horizontal restrain水平约束inclined load

8、 斜向力be such as to 达到shear force 剪力stress resultants 内力equilibrium 平衡summation of force/moment 力/力矩总和bending/moment/couple 弯矩Lesson 3梁的主应力 principal stress in beam法向应力 normal stress剪应力 shear stress梁的横截面 the cross section of a beam中性轴 the neutral axis组合效应 combined effects最大剪应力 maximum shear stress弯矩和剪

9、力 bending moment and shear stress平面应力方程 the equations of plane stress压应力 compressive stress拉应力 tensile stress悬臂梁 cantilever beam集中荷载 concentrated load均布荷载 uniform load应力集中 stress concentrationsLesson 4连续梁 continuous beam房屋建筑 building桥梁 bridges特殊结构 specialized structures竖直荷载 vertical load轴向变形 axial d

10、eformations反力 reactions销轴支撑 pin supports辊轴支撑 roller supports超静定次数 Statically indeterminate number竖直反力 vertical reactions赘余力 redundants迭加法 method of superposition简支梁 simple beam 梁的内弯矩 bending moments in the beam连续性 continuity荷载作用 load effect旋转角 angles of rotation协调方程 equations of compatibility挠度defle

11、ction梁的轴线 Axis of the beam放松结构 released stucture弯矩图 bending moment diagrams形心的距离 Centroid distance相邻弯矩 consecutive bending moments三弯矩方程 three-moment equation未知弯矩 unknown bending momentsLesson 5principle of virtual work 虚功原理design principle of steel structure 钢结构设计原理principle stress 主应力unit-load meth

12、od 单位力法displacement 位移trusses 桁架 deflection 挠度relative displacement 相对位移practical purpose 实际意义method of virtual work 虚功法dummy-load method 虚荷载法fictitious or dummy load 虚荷载actual load 实际荷载positive direction 正方向translation 平移rotation 转动relative translation 相对位移relative rotation 相对转动concentrated force 集

13、中力positive sense 正指向collinear and oppositely directed force 共线反向力 twisting moment 扭矩dot product 点乘cross product 叉乘Lesson 6Reciprocal Theorems互等定理Reciprocal work theorems 功互等定理Strain energy 应变能Reciprocal displacement theorem 位移互等定理Cantilever beam 连续梁Linearly elastic structures线弹性结构Subjected to承受（荷载）C

14、oncentrated load/force 集中力Free end自由端Deflection 挠度Formula公式Subscript下标Notation 标记、标号Equation方程、等式Act at 作用在、作用于Denote 表示Be denoted by 用.表示Refer to 涉及，查找，参考In more general terms 更加概括的A structure of any type 任意形式结构Respectively 各自的 分别的In accordance with 与.一致Analogous类似的Correspondence 符合 、相应 Be clear ab

15、out (this matter) 阐述、说明（此观点）In the case of 在.情况下、就.来说Subsequent discussion 后述讨论Simultaneously 同时地Elastic 弹性的Plastic 塑性的Additional deflection 附加变形，附加挠度Additional strain energy 附加应变能Overlook 忽略、忽视Undergo 承受In sequence 依次，顺序Principle of superposition叠加原理Positive derection 正方向Lesson 7Slipforms 滑模Vertica

16、l 竖向的Reinforced concrete elements 钢筋混凝土构件Slipform method 滑模施工法Silos 筒仓Grain 粮仓Bridge piers 桥墩Heavy structure 重型结构lend itself to 适用于elevator 电梯（井）Stair shafts 楼梯井High-rise office or apartment buildings 高层办公或公寓建筑Vertical cross section 竖向截面Thickness 厚度Projiection 凸出部分Depression 凹陷部分Warrant 保证、担保vtMove

17、up vertically 竖直上升（Concrete ）is placed continuously （混凝土）连续浇筑At a constant rate 匀速、恒速Reinforcing steel 钢筋Frame 框架Opening 孔洞Overlying 上面覆盖的Minority 少量的Suitably Shaped blocking 适合形状的块体Wall forms 墙模In place 就位On the site 现场Work platform 工作平台In extreme cases 在极端情况下Minor 次要的Tongue-and-groove 舌榫 、企口Plank

18、厚板、支撑板Friction 摩擦、摩擦力Outward camber 向外起拱Lumber 木材Moisture 潮湿的 水汽Extrusion devices 挤压装置Gripping devices 夹具装置Jack rods 千斤顶支撑Swell 隆起Hydraulic master control systems 液压控制系统Take up 处理Compensate 补偿、矫正Differential 微小的、微分的Fastened to 固定于Bonding with 粘结Stiffen 固定、加固、加强Wales 腰梁Walkway scaffold 走道脚手架Counterac

19、t 抵消Differential load 不均匀荷载Buggies 吊桶Cement finisher 水泥匠、粉刷匠Hopper 料斗Bucket 吊斗High-early 早强Dictate 决定Heavy construction projects 大型施工项目In dirct proportion 成比例的Superimposed loads 叠加荷载Tolerance 容许误差Applicable codes 通用规范Professional standards 行业标准Plump line 铅垂线Continue right through the night 通宵达旦Moist

20、 潮湿Fog sprays 喷雾Roof slab 屋面板Pins 钉子Tapering chimneys 锥子形烟囱Lesson 8Lift slabs 升板法Erection 建筑，建造Contractor承包商Structural steel钢结构Pour 浇筑（混凝土）Sufficient 足够的Steel column 钢柱Anchored锚固Anchor 锚杆Sway bracing抗摇支撑Take care of 抵抗Prestressing 预应力Pre-or-posttensioning techniques 先张或后张法Overdesign 保守设计Safety facto

21、r 安全系数Offset 抵消Irregular 不规则的Column gird柱网Ceiling floor 天花板Metal apron金属挡板Welded 焊接Garret 顶层With the aid of 在的帮助下Permanently 永久的Sequence 顺序Light轻质的Self-propelling 自推式Crane 起重机Derrick crane 人字形起重机Lesson9natural resources 自然资源construction methods 施工方法manufacturing 制造业prefabrication 预制well-demarcated 界

22、限清楚的field erection 现场安装 faster completion 更快竣工excavation 挖方nuclear methods 核动力radiation-proof 防辐射的building component 建筑构件universal standardized code 通用标准规范automated 自动化的residential construction 住宅建设solar power 太阳能nuclear power station 核电站manual labour 体力劳动mechanized operation 机械化作业Lesson 10fenestrat

23、ion 门窗布局functional requirement 功能需求desired vision of outdoors 户外的理想视野ventilation control 通风控制building code 建筑规范weather resistance 耐气候性（防风防雨）depth of light penetration 透光深度fire rating 防火规定heat loss 热量损耗galvanized steel 镀锌钢sealed double glazing 密封双层玻璃 fire-resistance requirement 耐火性要求thermal conductiv

24、ity 导热率resist shrinking and warping 抵抗收缩和翘曲hot-rolled 热轧cold-formed 冷加工depth of sections 截面高度 free from rust 除锈field painting 现场喷漆hot-dipped galvanized 热浸镀锌weather stripping 挡风雨条stainless steel 不锈钢lime mortar 石灰砂浆 第11课课文：skeleton-frame 骨框架exterior walls 外墙own weight 自重curtain wall 幕墙functional requi

25、rements 功能要求principal function 主要功能insulating properties 绝缘性质annual cost 年成本单词表：girt 围梁，箍梁gage 标准，计量light-gage 轻型的backup 支撑，墙心multilayer-sandwich 多层夹心sheathing 望板，衬板novelty 下垂披叠板lap 搭接，重叠clapboard 模型版，鱼鳞板flush 使平齐，光面bevel 斜角caves 屋檐watertight 不漏水的weathertight 不透风的batten 板条square-edged 四边刨方的imitate 模

26、仿stucco 抹灰，灰泥ply 层，片laminate 叠合，叠层stiffness 硬度，刚度scratch 刮痕，划痕asphalt 沥青interstice 空，缝隙quicklime 生石灰ingredient 成分第12课Insulation 绝热层the resistance to the flow of heat 对热流的阻止dew point 结露点resulting condensation 由此产生的冷凝water vapor 水蒸气impervious to moisture 不透潮气warm side 暖面heating season 采暖季节interior sid

27、e of 内侧aluminum 铝as nearly so as possible 尽可能的back and forth 往复plastic films 薄膜reciprocal 倒数exterior surface 外表面penetration 渗透porous 多孔的inherent 固有的blown-in insulation 喷吹绝热层clapboard 护壁楔形板temperature differences 温差from four to five times 四到五倍coldstorage room 冷藏室low-temperature test cells 低温试验室specia

28、list 专家单词表：condensation 冷凝，结露dew 露水impervious 不可透过的foil 金属薄片kraft 牛皮纸rip 割，剥puncture 穿孔，裂口airtight 不透气的cellular 多孔的cellular glass 泡沫玻璃bubble 气泡repellent 防水的mercury 水银permeance 渗透water-repellent 防水的maintain 保养，维护第13课28 days old 28天龄期compressive strength 抗压强度descending branch 下降段brittle 脆性的fracture 断裂

29、slope 斜率empirical equation 经验方程hardened concrete 结硬混凝土cement 水泥hydrate 水化harden 硬化specimens 试件internal disintegration 内部分裂peak 峰值creep 徐变instantaneous strain 瞬时应变proportional 成比例的applied quickly 快速加载directly proportional 线性的free pore water 游离孔隙水单词表：cylinder 圆柱体descend 下降modulus 模量，模数elasticity 弹性acc

30、uracy 准确性 modification 修正，调整brittleness 脆性disintegration 分裂longitudinal 轴向的duration 耐久，持续时间reload 重新加载ambient 周围的humidity 湿度，水分含量pore 孔隙，细孔asymptotic 渐近线coefficient 系数，率第14课limiting tensile strain 极限拉应变failure criterion 破坏准则normal stress 平均应力internal contradiction 自相矛盾nature 特性linearly 线性cracking 开裂

31、deep beam 深梁experimental investigation 实验观测significant restraint 重要约束an order of 一个数量级principal stress 主应力failure envelope 破坏包络线triaxiality 三轴diameter 直径semidiameter 半径dashed circle 虚线圆at right angles to 垂直于单词表：perpendicular 垂直的， 垂涎cube 立方体biaxial 双轴的uniaxial 单轴的triaxial 三轴的 microcrack 微裂缝discontinu

32、ity 不连续性nondimensionalize 使无量纲化quadrant 象限ratio 率，比率define 下定义，规定endpoint 边界点第15课deflection 挠曲be proportional to 成比例modules of elasticity 弹性模量flexural member 受弯构件longitudinal reinforcement 纵筋curve-fitting expression 配合曲线positive- and negative-bending regions 正负弯矩区域dead load 恒载traffic load 交通荷载heavy-

33、vehicle 重型车辆 time sequence 时间顺序relative magnitudes 相对大小stiffness 刚度span-depth ratio 高跨比one-way slab 单向板double-way slabs 双向板lightweight concrete 轻质混凝土单词表：longtime 长期shrinkage 收缩high-strength 高强度simplify 简化flexural 受弯的compression-steel 受压筋含钢parameter 参数tensile-steel 受拉筋含钢time-dependent 随时间变化的precision

34、 精确度literature 文献，文学exceed 超过specify 规定 第16课没讲第17课课文：longitudinal flexural stress 纵向弯曲应力shear reinforcement 受剪钢筋regions of high shear 高剪力区域vertical U-shaped stirrups 竖向U形钢筋bent-up 弯起web steel 腹筋aggregate interlock 骨料咬合作用dowel action 销栓作用inclined cracks 斜裂缝footing 基础factored loads 计算荷载nominal shear s

35、trength 名义抗剪强度failure mode 破坏模式concrete-joist 混凝土密肋whichever is greater 取大值shear diagram 剪力图superimposing 叠加neutral axis 中性轴alternative 替代单词表：stirrup 箍筋ductility 延性warning 前兆，征兆edge-supported 在边缘支撑的strength-reduction 强度折减provision 规定，条款spacing 间距flange 翼缘exclude 拒绝，排除redistribute 重新分布，再分配confirm 证明，

36、证实plot 图，计划initiate 开始，创始第18课课文：closely spaced stirrups 紧密配置的马镫torsional strength 强扭强度upon cracking 就开裂而言yield 屈服plain beam 连系梁stirrup legs 箍肢twisting couple 扭矩lever arm 力臂fraction 分数dowel forces 销栓力单词表：torsion 扭转splitting 裂缝，割缝spiral 螺旋的unreinforced 无筋的remainder 剩余部分crush 压碎bound 形成的边界plain 素的，不配筋的

37、leg 支柱，肢lever 杆sectional 截面的anchor 锚固verify 证明，检验第19课课文：at the site of construction 施工现场model codes 通用规范representative values 代表值additional allowance 额外限额shock 振动，冲击inertia forces 惯性力be of the order of 大约in plan or elevation 平面或者立面bearing walls 承重墙lightweight curtain walls 轻质幕墙rigid diaphragms 刚性模隔板

38、load factors 荷载系数uniformly distribute load 均布荷载impact load 冲击荷载finish floor 面层单词表：allowance 公差，限额premise 前提，根据incidence 发生率rectangle 长方形centerline 中线equalize 使相等，平衡第20课课文：precast members 预制构件exposed aggregate 外露骨料colored cement 有色水泥modulus of rupture 断裂模量margin of safety 安全储备all-lightweight aggregat

39、e 全轻质骨料sand-lightweight aggregate 砂轻质骨料fire ratings 防火等级hollow plank 空心板double tees 双T形板girder 大梁单词表：standardize 标准化architectural 建筑学的thermal 热能的，热的sandwich-panel 夹层板foam 泡沫handling 搬运margin 界限topping 面层plywood 胶合板gypsum 石膏板fabrication 装配，制作gear 齿轮，与一致ledger 横木，衬垫物ledger beam 带肩梁corbel 梁托21Footing 基

40、础 substructure 地下结构，基础 differential settlement 不均匀沉降 with respect to 关于 根据 deep foundation 深基础 caisson foundation 沉箱基础 spread foundation 扩展基础 horizontal outlines水平轮廓 single-column footings独立柱基础 combined footing联合基础 strap footing联合基础 mat板 raft筏 reinforced in both direction双向配筋 beam-and-girder floor肋梁

41、楼盖 two-way reinforcement双向配筋noticeably 明显的 显著的 tolerably 尽量的 许可的 elimination 避免 消除 stratum层 地层 pile 桩 classify 分类 strap 条 带 merge 合并，连成一块儿 resort 采取 借助 capital 柱顶 柱头 symmertrical 对称的 perimeter 圆周 shift 移动 nonuniformity 不均匀性 concentrically同心地 同轴地 eccentrically 偏心地 compacted 密实的 夯实的 rotational旋转的 循环的

42、favorable 有利的 fixity 稳定性 massive大块儿的 reevaluate重新计算 22structure design 结构设计 functional requirement 功能要求 deformation limit 变形限制 civil engineering work 建筑物 appearance of the structure 结构外形 design criterion 设计原则 structural form 结构形式 aerodynamic response 空气动力响应 fire load火灾荷载 dead load 恒载 code 规范 prelimi

43、nary design 初步设计 allowable stress 容许应力 plastic design 塑形设计 industrial building frame 框架 section 截面 full-scale experimental 足尺 plastic modulus 塑性模量 local buckling局部屈服 brittle fracture 脆断functionnal 功能的 depart 违反 脱离 esthetics 美学 monumental雄伟的 巨大的 dominate高耸于上 scenic 风景的 mutually 相互的 amplification 增大 放

44、大 phase方面 相位 revise修正 secondary补充的 obviate预防 避免 adverse坏的 不利的 bypass回避 inelastic非弹性的24rigid frame 钢架 truss 桁架 headroom 净空rolled shapes 轨制型钢 rivete 错接 bolt 螺栓连接 single span 单跨 stiffeners 加劲肋 bay 柱距 diagonal bracing system 斜撑体系 unsupported length 自由长度 sidesway 侧移 plastic hinge 塑性铰 top chord 上弦eave struts 屋檐撑杆 coldformed section冷弯型钢 asbestos sheet 石棉瓦 poured-in-place gypsum 现浇石膏