医学英语词根

1、medull/o 髓质( medulla ) medull/o 髓质( cytoplasm ) mito- 线( mitochondrial ) -ule (使小后缀) ( spinule, tubule )fibr/o- 纤维( neurofibril )-ate 酸盐( carbonate, bicarbonate ) tox/o- 毒，毒素( detoxification )syn- 连, 合, 联, 共 ( syndrome, synthesize ） ex(o)- 外， 在外( excretion )path/o 病 ( pathology, pathogen ) tox/o 毒 (

2、 toxicology )-osis 病态 ( metamorphosis )hybrid 杂交 ( hybridisation )-opsy (view) 检查 ( autopsy / necropsy; biopsy )-gen 原, 发生物 ( pathogen )pro- 原, 前 ( protist )pre- 在前 ( precursor )organ/o 有机, 器官 ( inorganic )a 无 ( abiogenesis, aseptic )macro- 巨大( macroscopic )-genesis 发生, 生成( biogenisis )-cle (使小后缀) (

3、 vesicle )-coccus 球菌 ( staphylococcus )-rrhea 流出, 溢出 ( gonorrhea, diarrhea )aden/o- 腺 ( adenine; adenoma )thym/o- 胸腺 ( thymine; thymocyte )-form 具有形状的 ( coliform )chlor/o- 氯 ( chloramphenicol / chloromycetin; chloroform )-phil(e) 嗜；亲 ( eosinophil; haemophilus ) 1. holistic medicine/health/healing2.

4、alternative/alternate medicine3. modalities of diagnosis and treatment4. mainstream/conventional medicine ( care )5. health professionals/providers6. complementary therapy7. preventive care8. radiation / hormone therapy9. oral hygiene10. genotoxic agents11. synthetic interferon12. side effects13. ph

5、ysical therapists1. musculoskeletal system2. cardiovascular system3. digestive tract4. skeletal muscles5. connective tissues6. knee joints7. physical strain8. locomotor system1. nerve impulses2. central/peripheral/autonomic nervous system3. spinal cord4. cerebral cortex5. sleep-wakefulness cycles 6.

6、 visceral organs7. energy metabolism8. sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system9. preganglionic/postganglionic neurons10. brain stem11. autonomic ganglia12. target organs13. sensory fibers14. enteric nervous system15. gastrointestinal tract1. endothelial cells2. systemic/pulmonary circulation3. in

7、tegumentary systems4. cellular metabolism5. oxygen molecules6. nutrient absorption7. endocrine/ lymphatic system8. interstitial fluid9. venous blood10. lymph nodes11. metabolic waste1. carbon dioxide2. upper/lower respiratory tract3. nasal cavities4. mucous membranes5. vocal cords6. thoracic cavity7

8、. rib cage8. chronic/acute inflammation9. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease10. allery /allergic symptoms11. taste receptors12. salivary glands13. digestive tract14. hydrochloric acid15. gastric fundus mucosa16. amino acids17. pancreatic juice18. gastrointestinal system19. urinary tract infection

9、20. reproductive system21. prostate gland22. spermicidal foam23. a frequent urge to urinate24. pubic bone25. a fullness in the rectum26. loose bowels27. intravenous pyelogram28. offending bacteria29. single-dose treatment30. a follow-up urinalysis31. injected and oral vaccines32. change in urinary p

10、attern33. cerebral malaria34. innate/adaptive immune system35. (anti-/pro-) inflammatory cytokine36. nitric oxide37. toxic radicals38. inflammatory mediators39. systemic disease40. effector mechanisms41. anti-malarial vaccines42. merozoite proteins43. genetic variationv 1. reproductive / therapeutic

11、 cloningv 2. recombinant dna technologyv 3. self-replicating genetic element v 4. a bacterial plasmidv 5. a host cellv 6. extra-chromosomal circular dna moleculesv 7. human genome projectv 8. restriction enzymesv 9.cloning vectorv 10. artificial chromosomesv 11. lambda phage particlesv 12. somatic c

12、ell nuclear transferv 13. a donor adult cellv 14. a cloned embryov 15. aging processv 16. stem cellsv 17. gene therapyv 18. genetic engineering of organismsv 19. sequencing genomesv 20. degenerative diseasesv 21. viable offspringv 22. compromised immune functionv 23. mutations in the genesv 24. gene

13、tic imprint of dnav 25. developmental abnormalities of cloned embryos1. cerebrospinal fluid2. specific defence mechanisms3. postmortem examination4. clinical signs and symptoms5. diagnostic investigations6. postmortem findings7. clinical significance/manifestations8. morbid anatomy9. ionising radiat

14、ion10. carcinogenic chemicals11. adverse effects12. light/electron microcopy13. congenital disorders14. solid tissues / lesion15. antigen specificity16. cell preparations17. monoclonal antibodies18. cancer diagnosis and screening19. renal biopsies20. electrolyte homeostasis21. serum enzyme assays22.

15、 cardiac enzymes23. damage to cardiac myocytes24. assays of blood coagulation factors25. chromosome spreads26. cytogenetic analysis27. sequence of bases28. amino acid synthesis29. in situ hybridisation30. nucleic acids31. tissue sections32. oligonucleotide primers33. dna microarrays34. patterns of g

16、ene expression35. sickle cell disease36. osteogenesis imperfecta1. chemical properties2. biological effects3. organic / analytical chemistry4. medicinal chemistry / products5. synthetic drugs6. side effects7. optimal therapeutic outcomes8. potential toxicity9. clinical dosage10. premature death11. blood flow in specific vascular beds12. drug actions13. chemotherapeutic drugs14. immunosuppressant agents15. organ transplant operations16. therapeutic management of disease17. psychoactive drugs18. drug