（推荐）初三代词的用法

1、课题 中考复习专题：介词的用法学生姓名李俊杰年级九年级日期2013.3.17第一部分：知识点回顾 冠词的用法1.不定冠词的用法（an ,a）注意：判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据其字母。（an hour , an honest man） ( a useful book , a university, a one-hour trip)当名词被such,half,what,many 修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.It took me half

2、an hour to write the letter.What an interesting book it is!Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.2. 定冠词用法 (1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如： The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如： Open the door, please. Jack is in the library. (3) 上文提到过的

3、人或事物。例如： Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级之前。例如： Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the year. He is the taller of the

4、 two boys. (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如： The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. (7) 用在江河，海洋，山脉，群岛，沙漠等某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如： the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如： the Browns, the whites等。 （9）用在表示方位 或西洋乐器名称的名词之前

5、Jilin is in the north of China. I like playing the piano.注意：1.当定冠词与all,half,both,double 等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词应放在这些词之后。 Look, all the books are here. Both the boys are from Class 1,Grade 2. They walked half the journey. 2.当定冠词和表示倍数，分数的词连用时，需要放在这些词之后。 The bed is three times the size of that one. The rope is o

6、ne third the length of that one.3.不用冠词的情形三餐饭(的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。(如果三餐名词前有形容词，则需要冠词，如 a nice dinner, a quick lunch)例如：I have lunch at home.He often plays football after class.We have English and maths every day.中考总复习 单项选择训练 ( ) 1. -Have you had _ breakfast yet? - No, not yet. A./ B. a C. the D.

7、 an( )2. Lets look at the bag. Can you see _“s”on the corner of_ bag?A. a, a B. a, the C. an, a D. an, the( )3. There is egg on the table, egg is for you.A. a, A B. an, An C. an, The D. the, An( )4. Our teacher told us that _ moon moves around _ earth, and_ earth circles_ sun.A. a, a, a, a B. an, an

8、, an, an C. the, the, the, the D. /, /, /, /( )5. At that time, he was studying in_ university. And it was a famous one.A./ B. the C. a , D. an知识点代词的用法【考点直击】1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。2. 常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）a

9、t, in on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2） since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一

10、点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back.3） in, afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.He w

11、ill arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.（2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.2） over, above, onover, on和a

12、bove都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds.They put some flowers on the teachers desk.3） across, throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Th

13、rogh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds.4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building

14、.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.表示地点的介词介词in on to与方位词的关系方位词： south north west east southeast东南方 southeast西南方 northeast 东北方 northwest西北方In+方位词 表示“位于之内”，在范围之内，是从属关系。To+方位词 表示“位于.之外”，在范围之外，在领土上没有接壤。On+方位词 表示“与相邻”，是毗邻，接壤的关系。Japan lies in the east of Asia.Japan lies to the east of C

15、hina.Korea lies on the east of China.植物在树上用on,动物在树上用in an apple on the tree a bird in the treeOn +食物 表示“以为食”，“靠生活”。We live on rice. A panda lives on bamboo leaves. In+表示颜色的单词 穿着.颜色的衣服，she is in blue today.besides VS except（在肯定句中）l besides：除了之外还有；除了之外又（包括其后所提及的人或物在内）Twenty-five students went to the c

16、inema besides him.除了他之外，还有25个学生去看了电影。（他和另外25个学生都去了）l except：除了之外没有（不包括其后所提及的人或物在内）Twenty-five students went to the cinema except him.除了他之外，25个学生都去看了电影。（25个学生都去了，除了他没去）练习一下：用besides或except填空1.He can also play the piano me.除了我之外，他也能弹钢琴。2. his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他。3.Y

17、ou can park anywhere here. 除了这儿之外，你可以在任何地方停车。（你不可以在这儿停车）在否定句中，besides与except 同义l No one passed the exam besides/except Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。l I dont have other friends besides/except you. 除了你之外，我没有其他朋友了。3. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for

18、 ,wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time准时, in time及时,in no time立刻, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested

19、in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。(4) 月份的单词【考点诠释】一、考查简单介词的用法【考例】-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?一_July 1st，1997福州市A On B In C At D For A本题的四个选项都可以放在表示时间的单词(组)前面，in，on，at往往在时间点的前面，for往往引导一个时间段。1997年7月1日是一个具体的时间，在具体到某一天，用介词on。Id like a cup of coffee _some sugar and milk. 广东省A.

20、in B. to C. of D. withDA选项介词in，表示“在里面”；B选项介词to表方向，意为“到，向”；C项of表“所属关系”，意为“的”；D项介词with作“带有；用_力口”等讲。由句意“我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。”可知，选项D正确。-Oh, so many people in the amusement park!- Nobody likes to stay at home _ Sunday morning. 太原市A. in B. on C. atB此题考查介词的用法。三个选择都可以用来表示时间，at多用于具体时间点前，在上、下午及晚上常用介词in，但具体到某一天的上、下午

21、要用介词on。二、考查介词之间的辨析【考例】The moon light is coming in _ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. 成都市A, across B. through C. overB across表示横过，从一边到另一边，through从内部穿过，over表示从物体表面通过。“月光透过窗子射进来”故不能选A。Be careful when you come _ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. （年山东济宁）A. acro

22、ss B. behind C. between D. over【剖析】 答案为A。本题考察方位介词的用法。“过马路”一般为表面横穿，因此要用across。-Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, Its too dangerous.-Lets go and help him _the road. 河南省A. through B. along C. across D. overC横穿马路要用across表示“从一边到另一边”而不用through，through用于穿过森林等。三、考查成语介词与介词固定搭配【考例】You must alw

23、ays be careful _ electricityIts dangerous沈阳市A to B at C for DwithDbe careful with(ofabout)对注意(警惕)，句意为“你必须时刻注意用电，那很危险。”Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam _ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! 哈尔滨市A. on B. with C. withoutB考查介词用法。with a light heart以一种轻松的心态(with表伴随)。with是中考的重要考点，

24、有如下几种用法：有，带着表方式或工具，write with a pen用钢笔书写表伴随a house with a big garden带有大花园的房子。Mary bought a house _a small garden. She will move in next week. 昆明市A. from B. with C. for D. ofB本题由句意人手破解，玛丽买了一处“带有”花园的房子，这儿可用介词with，意为“具有；带有”，所以B项正确。一I hear you have got a ticket _the 0pening Ceremony of the Beijing Olymp

25、ics一YesI got it _my uncle黄冈市A of；from B toby C to；from Dfor；toC考查介词的用法。本题易错选项为A的答案钥匙票，都要用to，而不能用of。故不能选A。It was a great day but We did not enjoy it_ the beginning苏州Aon Bfor Cwith Dat答案：D解析：此处考查固定短语“在开始时”，用介词at，故选D。It is important _us students to make a plan _our studies before a new term starts连云港)A

26、for；for Bof：for Cto；of Dwith：on答案：A解析：此题考查介词for的用法，第一空It is important for sbto do sth；第二空for our studies为我们的学习，表目的。Its necessary for us to take one hours exercise every day. I agree _you. 吉林省A. at B. to C. on D. withD agree with sb同意某人的观点。注意agree with与agree to的区别。agree with +sb“同意某人的观点”；agree to+动词原

27、形“同意干某事”。一How are you going to the Summer Palace?一Were going there _bike北京市A for B at C of Dby D考查短语by bike骑自行车”。要注意区分：take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bike。 连云港This _woman has devoted all her life_ caring for the poorAmodest；with Bkind; to Cselfish；for Dunfair；at答案：B解析：第一空意为“这位善良的妇女”，故选kind，第二空，devote

28、to指献身于，to后跟动名词或名词，故本题选B。【实例解析】 1.-When will Mr Black come to Beijing? -_ September 5. A. On B. To C. At D. In 答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。 2.The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show. A. by B. in C. to D. on 答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。【语法过关】1.China lies_ the east of

29、 Asia and_ the north of Australia, A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on 2.His son suddenly returned_ a cold rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. for 3.Timmy goes to school _ every day . Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 4. Last month , students

30、had to have their lessons by Internet _ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of6. Some shops open_ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival

31、 holidays. A. at B. between C. from D. about 7. - How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? - Im going there _ my car. A. by B. in C. to D. on 8Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _an inch. A. by B. at C. to D. from9The home improvements have taken what little there is _m

32、y spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at10They had a pleasant chat _a cup of coffee.(北京)A. for B. with C. duringD. over【参考答案】1.B 表示在一个大的范围内用in，范围之外用to。 2.A 具体到某一天的时间用on。3.C 5 minutes walk决定去学校的方式是on foot。 4.B 语境中by Internet和 because of SARS决定了have their lessons - at home 。5.C like在这里意思是像-。 6. B between 后接两个并列的成分，意思是在两者之间。 7. B in my car = by car。8 A。与数量连用可表示尺寸、距离等。依句意：幸运的是，子弹在距离上尉一英寸的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。故应选A。9 C。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本结构为 “there is little of”, 表示“有很少”what 修饰little提到了从句句首。正确答案为C。10D用