应用英语论文

1、长沙学院changsha university毕业设计（论文）设计（论文）题目： the differences between chinese and western food culture学 生 姓 名 ： 彭 阳 考 籍 号 ： 912210100571 助 学 点 ： 外语系 专 业 班 级 ：应用英语 09酒店管理301 指导教师姓名： 刘亚芬 职称 副教授 二一二年 四 月目 录第一部分 过程管理资料一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告(3)二、毕业设计（论文）中期报告(7)三、毕业设计（论文）指导教师评阅表(8)四、毕业设计（论文）答辩评审表(9)第二部分 毕业论文五、毕业论文(11)

2、122012 届毕业设计（论文）资料第一部分 过程管理资料长 沙 学 院毕业设计（论文）开题报告（2012 届毕业生）助 学 点：外语系 专 业：应用英语（外贸方向）题 目：the differences between chinese and western food cultures学生姓名： 彭阳考 籍 号：912210100571指导教师：刘亚芬职 称：副教授2011年11月25日长沙学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告助学点：外语系 专业：英语（外贸英语方向） 指导教师刘 亚 芬职称副 教 授学生姓名彭 阳 课题名称the differences between chinese and we

3、stern food cultures中西饮食文化差异内容及任务purposes to be achieved:“on mechanism of memory in interpreting and its training methods”, as a graduation thesis for ba degree, is to achieve the following purposes:(1) to give an introduction to interpreting.(2) to analyze the nature and characteristics of interpret

4、ing memory. (3) to introduce three different types of memory mechanism in interpreting.(4) to summarize some methods for training memory in interpreting.(5) to learn how to write a good ba thesis.requirements of the study:(1) carefully choose the reference books and periodicals, read diligently the

5、books and periodicals chosen for a solid foundation for the research. (2) to study the materials carefully, and to get more information as much as possible.(3) to make full use of the library, the internet and other means as much as possible.(4) to make the thesis fluent and vivid.(5) strictly obey

6、the rules and regulations of changsha university for the form of the thesis, abiding by the gb771387, gb771487 and caj b/t11998.(6) turn to www.cnki.net often so that new articles may be found and appreciated for the thesis composition.(7) the thesis is to be reasonable in thought with original idea

7、.(8) three copies are needed for graduation, and an electronic copy of all the materials needed for the thesis. (9) to hand the thesis in time. and no plagiarism is allowed.拟达到的要求或技术指标after finishing the thesis, the author should have a better knowledge of the memory in interpreting, including the n

8、ature and its characters, and also some techniques used for memory training in interpreting.the thesis will systematically analyze the memory in interpreting and let people know more about the interpreting. and also, this thesis will provide new interpreters with some basic and efficient memory trai

9、ning methods.进度安排起止日期工作内容2011-11-5日前选定论文题目2011-11-25日前交课题申报表，任务书，开题报告2011-12-30日前交论文初稿2012-03-19日30日中期检查，交中期报告（开学的第三周）2012-05-05日前修改论文3次，形成定稿2012-05-10日前交论文定稿，指导老师评阅表，评阅老师评阅表，答辩评审表5月12、13日论文答辩，评定论文成绩，学生根据答辩修改论文2012-05-14日21日整理文挡材料，归档，毕业论文工作总结主要参考资料1harris, marvin. cultural anthropology m. new york,

10、harper & row, publishers. inc., 1987：2.2larry. samovar, richard e. porter and lisa a. stefani. communication between cultures m. beijing: foreign language teaching and research press, 2000:20.3samovar porter & stefami. communication between cultures m. beijing : foreign language teaching and researc

11、h press, 2000.4邓炎昌. 语言与文化m. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998.5郭莹. 老外侃中国m. 北京：作家出版社，2003:1725.6胡适. 生活的艺术m. 北京： 华艺出版，2001:25.7胡文仲. 文化与交际m. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1994.8林语堂. 人生的盛宴m. 长沙： 湖南文艺出版社，1988:25.9游修龄. 筷子和叉子m. 中国经济史论坛，2003:1.10张从益. 中西文化比较研究m. 湖南：湖南人民出版社. 2004:96.11张起钧. 烹调原理m. 北京：中国商业出版社，1999:20.长 沙 学 院毕业设计（论文）中期报告助学点外语

12、系班级09酒店管理301班学生姓名彭阳指导教师刘亚芬课题名称：the differences between chinese and western food cultures 中西饮食文化差异课题主要任务：了解中西饮食文化的历史渊源和具体差异，同时，也可以将其归根于中西两方的文化、历史、人文、礼仪的差异1、简述开题以来所做的具体工作和取得的进展或成果i）开题以来所做的具体工作：1) 搜集相关资料，在图书馆阅读了大量关于中西饮食文化差异的图书。2）上网搜集了相了关的一些论文，借鉴别人的一些用词，用语的绝妙之处。3）跟指导老师讨论了论文题目，并勾画出大概论文内容结构4）完成论文的开题报告及前两部

13、分的论文写作ii）开题以来取得的进展:1) 搜集整理了相关的资料以供参考2）确定了论文题目3）完成了论文的前半部分写作2、下一步的主要研究任务，具体设想与安排i）下一步的主要研究任务： 完善中西饮食文化的具体差异主要存在于哪些方面ii）具体设想和安排：1）完成论文后半部分的写作2）交初稿给指导老师，并完成相关格式内容的修改工作。3、存在的具体问题对中西饮食文化的历史渊源了解的不是很透彻，并且，针对于饮食方面的知识和了解也不怎么到位4、指导教师对该生前期研究工作的评价彭阳同学对论文写作比较重视，态度端正，定期与老师联系，通过各种途径仔细查阅了相关资料，按期上交了开题报告，研究思路较清晰，现已经完

14、成了论文初稿。但初稿在语言和结构方面还存在一些问题，尚需进一步修改完善。指导教师签名：刘亚芬日 期：2011年11月22日 长沙学院20 届毕业设计（论文）指导教师评阅表助学点：外语系 学生姓名彭阳考籍号912210100571班 级09酒店管理301班专 业应用英语（外贸方向）指导教师姓名刘亚芬课题名称the differences between chinese and western food cultures评语：（包括以下方面，学习态度、工作量完成情况、材料的完整性和规范性；检索和利用文献能力、计算机应用能力；学术水平或设计水平、综合运用知识能力和创新能力；）本文对比了中西饮食文化差

15、异，分析了导致这些差异的深层原因。文章结构合理、论点鲜明、论据充分、论述清晰、语言流畅，结论可信，符合符合英语专业本科毕业论文的要求。该生在论文写作过程中，能较好地利用馆藏全面检索、获取和运用文献资料，按规范按计划完成论文撰写；能积极主动地和导师沟通，修改语言、充实内容，调整结构，写作态度比较认真。选题与文献综述（20分）分值：创新性(15分)分值：基础理论和专门知识(35分)分值：作者写作、表达能力(30分)分值：合 计分值：是否同意参加答辩：是 否指导教师评定成绩分值：指导教师签字： 年 月 日说明：各项成绩的百分比由各助学点自己确定，但应控制在给定标准的20左右。 长沙学院毕业设计（论文

16、）答辩评审表学生姓名彭阳考籍号912210100571班级09酒店管理301班答辩日期2012年4月9日课题名称the differences between chinese and western food cultures指导教师刘亚芬地点长沙学院外语系宁静楼答辩小组成员姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）答辩中提出的主要问题及回答的简要情况记录：会议主持人：记 录 人：年 月 日长沙学院毕业设计（论文）答辩评审表成绩评定评定内容分值 评定小计教师1教师2教师3教师4教师5报告内容思路清新：语言表达准确，概念清楚，论点正确；实验方法科学，分析归纳合理；结论严谨，论文（设计

17、）有应用价值。40报告过程准备工作充分，具备必要的报告影像资料；报告在规定的时间内作完报告。10答 辩回答问题有理论依据，基本概念清楚。主要问题回答简明准确50合计100答辩评分分值（平均分）：答辩小组长签名：答辩成绩：a: 35指导教师评分分值：指导教师评定成绩b： 50评阅教师评分分值：评阅教师评定成绩c： 15最终评定成绩分数：等级：教学系主任签名：年月日学校意见负责人（签名）：年月日说明：最终评定成绩a+b+c，三个成绩的百分比由各助学点自己确定，但应控制在给定标准的20左右。2012届毕业设计（论文）资料第二部分 设计说明书（2012届）毕业设计说明书（论文）the differen

18、ces between chinese and western food cultures助 学 点 ： 外 语 系 专 业： 英语（外贸英语方向） 学 生 姓 名： 彭 阳 班 级：09酒店管理301班 考籍号： 912210100571指导教师姓名： 刘 亚 芬 职称 副 教 授 最终评定成绩 2012年4月 长沙学院毕业设计(论文) 中西饮食文化差异作者：彭阳导师：刘亚芬摘 要饮食文化是人类文化的重要组成部分，它直接关系到人类的身心健康。中西文化之间的差异导致了中西饮食文化的差异,而这种差异来自中西不同的价值观、思维方式和处世方式。本文对饮食观念、饮食结构和餐桌礼仪三方面的饮食文化内涵进

19、行了研究,并分析了中西饮食文化的对立统一性,以及二者相互融合的趋势。了解中西饮食文化, 可以提高我们的跨文化交际意识和能力，可以避免跨文化交际过程中由于不同的饮食文化和观念而产生的矛盾和冲突,增进双方的了解和沟通。关键词：跨文化交际，文化价值，饮食文化，对立统一the differences between chinese and western food cultures author: peng yangsupervisor: liu yafenabstractfood culture is the key part of the human culture, which is direc

20、tly related to human beings physical and mental health. cultural differences between china and western countries create the differences of food cultures, which come from the different cultural values, ways of thinking and philosophy. by comparing the different cultural values between china and weste

21、rn countries, the paper mainly makes a research on the differences of western and chinese food cultures from the aspects of food conception, structure and table manners. it also states the food cultures opposites in unity between these two kinds of countries and inevitability of their blending toget

22、her. understanding their differences and rectifying the attitudes towards the individual culture will enhance our communicative awareness and competence and avoid the contradictions and conflicts brought forth by different food cultures and values, and thus promoting culture exchange and development

23、.keywords: cross-cultural communication; cultural value; food cultures; opposites in unityacknowledgementswith the completeness of my thesis, i feel very excited. my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to ms liu, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me thr

24、ough all the writing of this thesis. without her constant and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not reach its present form.i am greatly indebted to authors and writers for their allowing me to have access to their books pertinent to this dissertation.i also thank those who help me in cours

25、e of the writing and whose names i cant list here one by one.contents摘 要.iabstract.ii1 introduction.12 main differences between chinese and western food culrures.22.1 conceptual differences.22.2 different manners.42.3 different characteristics.72.3.1 different dinner service72.3.2 different cookbook

26、s and reasons83 the unity of food cultures as two opposites.104 conclusion.13references.14iv1 introduction culture has a long history, and it still is being studied nowadays. culture is something that originated with the emergence of man. sir edward, the british anthropologist, says that culture is

27、that complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, and moral, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (harris, 1987, 2) different regions, different races and different countries all form their own culture. different regions and different living env

28、ironments make them have different backgrounds. different backgrounds affect different appearance of cultures. food culture is the basic culture for a nation. food cultures can show differences and characteristics of different nations or countries.as an important aspect of culture，food culture can b

29、e defined as the sum of material and spiritual phenomena in the catering activities. with the emphasis on a healthy food, many chinese and foreign scholars are studying the nutritional food in order to find a more reasonable food. differences of food cultures in different countries are a phenomenon

30、of cross-cultural communication. studying these differences can train people adaptability in cross-cultural communication. cross-cultural communication in the situation of globalization makes the different food cultures complementary and integrated.2 main differences between chinese and western food

31、 culrures2.1 conceptual differencesdifferences between american and chinese food culture reflects two different food concepts and values. chinese people are always upholding “people regard food as their heave, taste is the essence of food” .the eight major cuisines of china reflect the rich connotat

32、ions of chinese food culture. from this, we can know that the food is in a very important position in minds of chinese people. chinese food culture concerns the meaning of material and has a trend of achieving a mental need. chinese food cultures great sentiment is well established, so it has the ve

33、ry high prestige in the world. the chinese people think that it is reasonable to eat three meals a day. eating can relieve thirst and appease hunger, but it has some meanings. for example, when a child comes into the world, the relatives often eat the red-painted eggs. these kinds of eggs contain th

34、eir wishes and their expectations. life can be continued and the great expectations can be passed down from generation to generation. when a child is one year old, their family will hold a party to celebrate it and to eat many kinds of food. when people want to have a marriage, they also want to hav

35、e a lively banquet to celebrate it. seen from the surface, these kinds of eating are only satisfy physical needs. in fact, they have ulterior motivations. they want to take advantage of this kind of form to express one kind of psychological connotation. eating has a very profound and significant pos

36、ition in the society. through the chinese and the western association, our food culture has merged into some new characteristics. besides the quality, fragrance and flavor, food should concern the nutrition. this is a progressive expression of the chinese food. the basic connotation and inspection o

37、f the chinese food culture not only can be helpful to deepen the food cultural theory, but can occupy the world market. it can make the chinese food culture have the profound and positive sense. it may have four characteristics: refinement, beauty, feeling, courtesy. the four characters have reflect

38、ed the food activities, and have processed the food quality, the esthetic experience, the emotional activity, the social function and so on. they also contain unique cultural implication. they reflect close relation between the food culture and the outstanding traditional culture.chinese food cultur

39、e attacks great importance to the foods fine beauty and making devices.first, “refinement” can be used to summarize the intrinsic quality. confucius said that the good food can be shown from the beautiful appearance, and we consider the minced meat to be good because of its thin. this reflects that

40、the ancients have begun to concern high-quality food. certainly this is possibly limited to certain aristocrat. but this kind of high-quality food can show one kind of cultural spirit. more and more cultural spirit has permeated the entire food activity. choosing the material, the cooking, and the f

41、ood atmosphere all manifest this characteristic of refinement.second, “beauty” manifests the food cultures esthetical characteristic. one important reason why chinese food can conquer the world lies in its beauty. this kind of beauty refers to the chinese food can unite the form of action and the pe

42、rfect content. people can enjoy this kind of happy spirit. the first reason for making people to taste the food is the beauty of the food, anther criterion for judging food is the technique of cooking which can make people have an esthetical feeling.third, “feeling” can be used to summarize the func

43、tion of satisfying psychological need of chinese food culture. eating and drinking cannot simply reflect it. in fact, feeling is a medium that can make people exchange the emotion. it is one kind of entirely new social activity. at the same time, while eating a meal, people also can chat with each o

44、ther. they may do business, exchange information and have the interview. the friends meeting and parting and seeing off the departing people are the sentimental disturbance.fourth, the chinese food can show the courtesy of chinese people. the “refinement”, “beauty”, “feeling” and “courtesy”, can be

45、used to summarize the basic conations of chinese food culture. in the other words, these four aspects are the organic constitution of chinese food culture. the refinement and beauty stress on the food image and the quality. the feeling and courtesy can lay emphasis on the view of food. these four ch

46、aracteristics can show the prevailing customs. they are the special characteristics and can make the chinese food culture be different from western food culture. western food cannot have these characteristics like chinese food. it concerns more nutrition of food rather than other aspects. the wester

47、n people have a very scientific view of food, but they may have less attention to the flavor of food. the western people just consider the food as a fuel of bodies. they just want to live by eating the food, and eating the food is to live and to keep healthy. 2.2 different mannersfirst, there are di

48、fferent arrangements of seats.chinese and western all concern the arrangement of seats at a formal banquet. in china, etiquette on food has a very long history. it is recorded that in chou dynasty, had formed a set of perfect systems. especially, since confucius praised the etiquette, the etiquette

49、has become an important part for every dynasty to show its mightiness, kindness and civilization. as a traditional etiquette, it has its process. traditionally, chinese people often use the old fashioned square table or round table for eight people. the host invites people to have the dinner. when s

50、ome guests come, the host often let them have a rest in the drawing room and drink some tea. the host could let all the guests take their seats in the dining room when all the guests arrive. the left place is the respectful and is considered the first place. then the seat near to the first seat is t

51、he second. they usually let the guest who is in the high rank take the left seat and then arrange the others seats one by one. after the guests all took their seats, the host should toast and let the guests eat more foods. in china, it is a good and polite way for the host to treat the guests in this way. the host should let the guests feel at ease. sometimes he or she can pick up the food and put in to the guests plates. however, this action cannot be done excessively, and it will let the guests feel embarrasse