On Differences Between Chinese And Western Dietary Cultures论中西方饮食文化的差异

1、 论中西方饮食文化的差异一、 课题(论文)提纲0.引言1.中西方饮食文化的渊源1.1中西方饮食文化差异产生的原因 1.2中西方饮食文化的现状2.中西方饮食文化的差异2.1 饮食观念的差异2.1.1 西方的饮食观念2.2.2 中国的饮食观念2.2饮食对象的差异2.3 饮食方式的差异2.3.1 宴会上不同的饮食方式2.3.2 自助餐上不同的饮食方式2.4 饮食特征的差异2.5 本质上的差异3.总结 二、内容摘要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。就中西方的饮食而言，由于文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化的差异。 文章首先介绍了中西文化饮食的

2、现状,以及饮食文化产生的原因,然后从饮食观念,饮食特征,饮食对象等方面分析了中西方饮食文化的差异,最后对中西方饮食文化的未来进行了探讨。通过研究这些差异，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统,促进中西文化交流,同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。abstract：diet is absolutely necessary in the existence and development in the life of mankind. in the development of human society, the national diet has gradually formed its own un

3、ique culture.on the diet between china and west, the chinese and western diet cultures are different because of the differences between chinese and western cultural traditions. the paper describes the present between chinese and western diet cultures and the cause to the differences, then analysis t

4、he differences from some aspects such as diet concepts, diet targets, diet features and so on. finally, it talks about the future between chinese and western diet cultures. by the analysis of the differences, we can comprehend the diet cultures of china and the west, and facilitate culture communica

5、tion, we can also improve culture of china. 三、 参考文献1徐先玲,李祖状.西方饮食文化m.北京：中国戏剧出版社, 20052徐先玲,李祖状.中国饮食文化m.北京：中国戏剧出版社, 20054陈洁.得心应手-西餐礼仪m.北京：世界知识出版社, 20055刘枋.吃的艺术m.山东:山东画报出版社,2003on differences between chinese and western dietary cultures 中文摘要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。就中西方的饮食而言，由于文化传统的

6、差异，导致了中西方饮食文化的差异. 文章首先介绍了中西文化饮食的现状,以及饮食文化产生的原因,然后从饮食观念,饮食特征,饮食对象等方面分析了中西方饮食文化的差异,最后对中西方饮食文化的未来进行了探讨.通过研究这些差异，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统,促进中西文化交流,同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。关键词:饮食文化;文化传统;差异 introductionchinese and western diet store difference of all kinds in a great deal of, certainly these differences have a relativity

7、, the exchange of the culture between east and west for thousands of years facilitates the constant integration of the china and western dietary culture too. cross-cultural communication under the globalize situation make various constant complementation and compatibility of dietary culture. today,

8、enjoying the diet with characteristics between east and west has already become the customary thing in contemporary peoples daily life. we see western oceangoing ships such as french sumptuous meal, mcdonald, kentucky and so on. everywhere on the street, and chinese restaurant opened all over the wh

9、ole world. the exchange of the dietary culture is existing in our daily life, and is making culture of global economy to combine in the course constantly, “belt conveyor “between different cultures. it has already become a kind of influence of enhanced culture day by day, is producing the function w

10、ith much more greatly single more strength than any other globalization, also changing the whole world silently. the exchange of the cooking culture, need mutual understanding between different culture and appreciate, it is a cross-cultural communication category, and it is that one kind is not a la

11、nguage behavior. studying the diet cultural difference in cross-cultural communication will make people promote mutual understanding, enjoy different feeling that different diet brings, promote the exchange, complementation between cultures and merge.1. the origin of china and western dietary cultur

12、es1.1 the causes to the differences between china and western food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings. as one of the world ancient nations, chinas diet has a history almost as long as that of chinese civilization. but in western countries, ancient thinkers

13、 devoted less attention to the food problem than the chinese philosophers did. due to different ways of thinking and the matter of philosophy. chinese focus on “heaven” degree, with the opposite, westerners emphasis on “people-oriented”.these lead to differences between china and western dietary cul

14、tures2.2 the present of china and western dietary cultureschina is the country of a long history with an ancient culture, and enriching in cultural traditions. she feeds the 1.3 billion chinese people, and chinese culture is very inclusive; in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different

15、cultures. on the diet between china and west, there exist various differences between chinese and western dietary cultures. but with the development of cultural communication between china and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between china and the west, china has imported vari

16、ous kinds of western food, known as the kfc dicos, mcdonald. this marks a new western dietary culture exchanges and infiltration. we believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between chinese and western dietary will no longer be the difference.1.differences in dietary cu

17、ltures2.1 differences in conceptsthe chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts. nobody will deny that the western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. it cares about the intake of

18、 calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day. comparing with the chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: we must eat them all because of the nutrition. and then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.2.2.1 the concept

19、 of diet in the west countries the concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy. metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid developme

20、nt. in some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere. in celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings,

21、and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials. but no matter how luxurious the grade is; from los angeles to new york, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of. and as dishes, the chicken is chicken; steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish. in a di

22、sh of french muttonchops, one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato. color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear

23、. 2.2.2 the concept of diet in chinachinese diet is a sense of beauty diet. when people sample dishes, they often say this dish is delicious, and that dish is not delicious. but if you ask what is meant by delicious, why tasty and what are the aspects of delicious, i am afraid that it will be diffic

24、ult to answer. this shows that which chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything. even using the color, flavor, shape and implement which people often said to make the realm reification, i am afraid it is still difficult to crown all. the beauty pursu

25、it of chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit. this concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional chinese philosophy. chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive. chinese cooking metho

26、d is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste. the main stress is measure and the overall co-ordination. it contains a wealth of dialectics of chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish. the ever-changing wit

27、hin degrees decides the changeable of chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.2.2 differences in targetsall diet cannot be done without vegetables. the word dish is for the sound in china, and it always has something t

28、o do with the plants. according to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west. in fact, the chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food. meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient ti

29、mes, and there was a saying of fresh vegetables.chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish; it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of buddhists. they deem animals as people and plants have no soul. so, they advocate vegetarianism. westerners do not seem to have such a good habit.

30、they uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation. living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement. there are more meat dishes in their lives. feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even western medicine is derived from animals. wh

31、en the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than china. the food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nut

32、rition. therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak. the differences between chinese and w

33、estern food for westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified. chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal. such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist. therefore, the remote peo

34、ple in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life. also china has a big population, and chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet. the chinese vegetarians all eat tofu. tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the n

35、utrition that meat has. it is the meat without toxic materials. so the chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars. it is also a custom that the european and american drink thick wine, eat meat and fish. so there was science promotion before and a severe law later, s

36、uch as the united states prohibition. and the transfer will not carry out in a short time. mr. suns words tell out the scientific benefits of chinese diet and disadvantages of western diet. according to the characteristics of the significant differences between chinese and western diet targets, the

37、chinese character is called the plant character, while the westerners is animal character. in response to the cultural behaviors, westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict; but the chinese people only like to live banally. according to american expert on folklore ruths opinions on the cultura

38、l pattern theory, chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world apollo-type character and westerners is similar to the modern world faust-type. indeed, the westerners such as americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid ru

39、mbling with the supplies. the chinese people are always thinking about home and roots, despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home. but after a few decades, the overseas chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots. this concept of return and such

40、human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet. then it brings cohesiveness to the chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.2.2 differences in patterns2.2.1 differences in banquetthe chinese and western dietary patterns can be very different, and

41、 these differences affect the national character. in china, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere. cate are in the center of the table. it i

42、s the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication. people toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity. although from the health point of view

43、, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national happy mentality, it reflects the classical chinese philosophy area of and impact for future generations. it is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.the western-style banquets,

44、 although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. the core of banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. if making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be s

45、aid that the chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing. this shows that communication purpose of chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. only the chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflecte

46、d in the friendship between neighbors.2.2.2 differences in buffet dinnerthe more obvious differences between chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the west. this method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. they wa

47、lk freely. this approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals; they never need to put every word on the table. this also shows a western personality and self-respect. however, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the chinese people. some people wan

48、t to put the buffet in the chinese food, but i think it is not feasible. the chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern. it raises the personal independence and self-mentioned at the first place. this is the opposite of the scale of

49、 the great unity of all chinese traditional culture.2.3 differences in featuresthere are differences between chinese and western diet features. western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the chinese diet tends to be art and sentimental. during the underdevelopment era of diet, these two t

50、rends have only one aim to live and never be hungry. and when the dietary culture is full developed, the tendency is shown in this different purpose: the former is in the development of nutrition, the latter is expressed as the stress on the flavor.the human desire for delicious is the nature of hum

51、an beings which is fully reflected. on the diet, it is not the purpose of science and nutrition and some delicious are excluded from the table outside. only delicious things can satisfy peoples appetite and then give the arrival of physical and mental pleasure. chinese diet shows the transformation

52、about sentimental form to rational form from the old days till now, and cause the chinese dietary culture brimming with imagination and creativity. the sensibility of chinese culinary culture is a sublime sensibility, infiltrating rational sense, also the realization of the nature of life. in additi

53、on, gustatory enjoyment is one of the main objectives pursued of the human struggle. the art of chinese cuisine is compatible with the development of human history in the process, more scientific than the progress of the western diet. in china, the role of diet goes beyond the subsistence of existen

54、ce, which is designed not only to have the physical presence, but also to meet peoples spiritual needs for pleasure. it is positive to enrich peoples life performance, and fine arts, music, literature, etc. which have the same level of significance to the improvement of life. chinese diet tends to a

55、rtistry, the so-called art realm, in fact, that is a complete leap from the necessity to freedom. it is characterized by randomness. for example, similar dishes, because of the differences in area, season, target, function and grade, it has different treatments on operation. set braised fish for exa

56、mple, in winter deep colors are advised and tastes are advised strongly, but in summer it should be light color and flavor. and for the people in zhejiang province, their dishes can be put up more sugar in the braised fish, and if facing chuanxiang customers it should allocate spicy. it easy to see

57、that if out of the arbitrary, there would be no cooking variety; we will lose the unique charm of chinese cuisine. whereas in the west, dishes in different areas and different seasons and facing different customers, is the same flavor, no changes. although it is the most valuable banquet, which is j

58、ust tableware known, conducted layout, and the vegetables remain the same as before. moreover, as for materials, westerners think the food is to eat, eating special hard vegetables such as large piece of meat, chicken block. chinas cuisine is taste. the chinese cooking in materials has shown tremend

59、ous arbitrariness: the things which many, many westerners consider as disposable things in china are excellent raw materials. foreign cooks are not able to deal with things, but in the hands of a chinese chef, it can get a magic result. chinese cuisine is evident in the wide use of materials. 2.4 differences in the naturedifferences in the nature of the chinese and we