采用氧化锌非线性电阻保护保证通道切换时无功的波动提高电网暂态稳定性

1、采用氧化锌非线性电阻保护保证通道切换时无功的波动提高电网暂态稳定性北疆某水力发电厂有4台8000KW的水轮发电机组，4台机组均采用FJL-2型三相全控桥自并激静止可控硅励磁。单机容量8MW，额定电压10.5kV，额定励磁电流422A，额定励磁电压155V。励磁变电源取自发电机端母线，经励磁变压器和可控硅整流后向发电机转子提供励磁电流。可控硅触发控制信号取自发电机端的1PT，同步信号取自机端2PT，当发电机电压升高时，励磁电流减少；反之增大，以实现自动调节的作用。几年的运行实践表明，可控硅励磁装置操作简单，维护方便，运行稳定可靠，响应快，尤其是机组甩负荷后能迅速将机端电压自动稳定在额定范围，不用

2、人为干预，是传统的直流励磁机所不能实现的。Turbine generator unit in a power plant has 4 units of 8000KW, 4 units were FJL-2 type three-phase fully-controlled bridge since shunt static silicon controlled excitation. The capacity of 8MW, rated voltage 10.5kV, rated current 422A, rated excitation voltage 155V. Excitation t

3、ransformer power supply from the generator terminal bus, provides excitation current to the generator rotor excitation transformer and silicon controlled rectifier after. Silicon control triggering signals from generator terminal 1PT, synchronous signal from the terminal 2PT, when the generator volt

4、age rises, the excitation current is reduced; and increasing, in order to realize the automatic regulating function. Show run several years of practice, the controlled silicon excitation device is simple in operation, convenient maintenance, stable and reliable operation, fast response, especially t

5、he unit after the load rejection can quickly be terminal voltage automatic stability in the nominal range, without human intervention, which can not be DC exciter traditional implementation.二 励磁装置的基本组成和主要控制功能The basic composition and main control functions of the excitation device two基本组成有：2套DLT6000

6、励磁调节器、1组功率整流桥、风机回路、起励控制回路、灭磁及过电压保护回路。The basic components are: 2 sets of DLT6000 excitation regulator, 1 sets of power rectifier bridge, fan circuit, control circuit, excitation de-excitation and over-voltage protection circuit.整套装置装在1只控制柜内。调节柜内装有调节器、起励装置、灭磁电阻、转子过电压保护元件。整流灭磁柜内装有功率整流桥、风机、灭磁开关。The who

7、le device installed in the 1 control cabinet. Regulation of a regulator, excitation device, magnetic resistance, rotor overvoltage protection element in the cabinet. Rectifier excitation cabinet is equipped with a power rectifier bridge, wind machine, magnetic switch.DLT6000是基于PLC控制的励磁调节器，有两大特点：一是采用

8、外部总线结构，通过外部总线将2套DLT6000组成完全独立的双通道调节器，所有的外部开关量信号和模拟量信号都送到总线，PLC实时采集总线数据经过运算后发出各种控制信号，并通过总线输出相应的开关量信号和模拟量信号；二是采用独立的单片计算机进行故障监控，当自动通道出现故障时，由单片机发出切换命令，实现自动切换功能，克服了自我诊断模式中存在的缺陷，充分保证了故障时通道的顷利切换和励磁系统的正常运行。DLT6000 excitation regulator based on PLC control, has two major characteristics: one is the external

9、bus structure, dual channel through the external bus will be 2 sets of DLT6000 composed entirely of independent regulator, an external switch and analog signals are sent to all of the bus, PLC bus data real-time acquisition after operations issued a variety of control signal, and digital and analog

10、signals through a corresponding bus output; the two is using single chip computer independent of fault monitoring, when failure automatic channel, switch command is issued by the SCM, realize automatic switching function, overcomes the defects existing in the self - diagnosis model, and fully guaran

11、tee the normal operation of fault channel / Qing Li switching and excitation system.DLT6000励磁调节器以可编程控制器(PLC)、励磁调节板、触发模块为核心部件。PLC根据发电机电压1PT反馈量输出直流控制信号；调节板根据控制信号进行比例、积分、微分调节(即PID调节)；触发模块根据调节信号输出移相触发脉冲来控制可控硅的导通角，即转子输入电流的大小，从而实现自动控制功能。所以DLT6000实质上是1台PLE控制、单片计算机监控的模拟量励磁调节器。DLT6000 excitation regulator wi

12、th programmable logic controller (PLC), excitation control board, trigger module as the core components. PLC according to the generator voltage feedback 1PT output DC control signal; adjusting plate according to the control signal is proportional, integral, differential regulation (PID regulation);

13、trigger module according to the control signal output trigger pulse to control thyristor conduction angle, rotor current input size, so as to realize the automatic control function. So DLT6000 is essentially a 1 PLE control, single chip computer monitor analog excitation regulator.三 励磁调节器的辅助控制及保护功能A

14、uxiliary control and protection function of three excitation regulator1. 过励限制功能1 over-excitation limit function励磁电流达1.1倍额定电流时发出警告信号，同时限制励磁电流继续上升。励磁系统能保证在1.1倍额定励磁电流下长期连续运行。Warning signal excitation currents up to 1.1 times the rated current, while limiting the excitation current continues to rise. Ex

15、citation system can guarantee at 1.1 times the rated excitation current under long-term continuous operation.2. 强励功能2 strong excitation function当机端电压降至80额定电压时，励磁装置退出1.1倍过励限制功能，进行强行励磁；强励电压约为1.8的额定励磁电压，经6s，机端电压达不到额定电压，退出强励，并限制在1.1倍额定励磁电流下运行。励磁系统具有提供2倍额定励磁电压和2倍额定励磁电流不少于50s的能力。When the terminal voltage

16、is reduced to 80% of rated voltage, excitation device to withdraw 1.1 times over-excitation limit function, forced excitation; strong excitation voltage is about rated excitation voltage, 1.8 by 6S, the terminal voltage is not up to the rated voltage, exit the strong excitation, and limited to a run

17、 of 1.1 times the rated excitation current. Excitation system has the ability to provide 2 times the rated voltage and 2 times the rated current of less than 50s.3. 欠励限制功能3 the low-excitation limited function发电机进相运行时，发电机运行的稳定性降低，随着输出有功功率W的不同，对稳定性的影响程度也不同。在输出一定的有功功率，保持一定的稳定度情况下，机组允许在一定范围内欠励运行。欠励限制特性为

18、功率圆，在某一有功功率下，当满足方程的无功功率Q，其相应的励磁电流就是欠励限制电流。我厂满负荷最大欠励限制的无功进相深度为8000（-0.4）=-3200Kvar,其所对应的励磁电流为欠励限制电流，是一个动态变量。Generator leading phase operation, reduce the stability of generator operation, with output power of W with different degree of influence on stability, are also different. In the output power,

19、to maintain a certain stability conditions, set within a certain range allowed underexcited operation. The low-excitation limited characteristics as the power circle, in an active power, while satisfying the equation of wattless power Q, the corresponding excitation current is the low-excitation lim

20、ited current. I plant at full load maximum underexcited limiting the reactive phase depth is 8000 x (-0.4) =-3200Kvar, the excitation current of the corresponding to the low-excitation limited current, is a dynamic variable.励磁调节器PLC实时采集当前机组输出的有功功率和无功功率，当发电机处于进相运行，即调用欠励限制判断程序；当满足条件时，即发出欠励限制信号并限制励磁电流继

21、续减少。Excitation regulating active power real-time output current unit collector PLC and no power, when the generator is running in phase, which is called the low-excitation limited judgment program; when the condition is satisfied, namely a low-excitation limited signal and limit the excitation curre

22、nt to reduce.4. 过励保护功能4 over excitation protection function过励保护是转子励磁绕组的短路保护。当励磁电流达到额定电流的3.5倍时，过励保护动作，跳发电机开关，跳灭磁开关并停机。Over excitation protection is the rotor excitation winding short circuit protection. When the excitation current reaches 3.5 times of rated current, over excitation protection action,

23、 jump jump out generator switch, magnetic switch and stop.5. 转子绕组过电压保护功能5 rotor over voltage protection function采用氧化锌非线性电阻保护，动作电压为900V，允许连续动作，可自动恢复。氧化锌非线性电阻和特种熔丝串接后并接在灭磁触头两端，熔丝熔断后中控室没有信号，但熔丝顶端的红色标志会自动弹出，所以开机前应检查熔丝是否良好。设计要求过压保护动作电压最高瞬时值低于整流桥的最大允许电压，且最大不超过出厂试验时励磁绕组对地试验电压的70，励磁绕组出厂耐压试验值为1500V。Using zin

24、c oxide non-linear resistance protection, operating voltage is 900V, allows continuous operation, automatic recovery. Zinc oxide nonlinear resistance and special fuse is connected in series and connected at both ends of the contacts in the field, the fuse blows in the control room no signal, but the

25、 red flag at the top of the fuse will automatically pop up, so make sure the fuse is good. The design requirements of overvoltage protection action voltage maximum instantaneous value less than the maximum permissible voltage rectifier bridge, with a maximum of ex-factory test excitation winding on

26、the test voltage of 70%, the excitation winding ex-factory voltage withstand test value is 1500V.6. 励磁变保护功能6 excitation transformer protection function励磁变压器为三相环氧干式，额定容量200kVA，联结组别Y11，绝缘等级为F级，额定电压6300V300V。温度上升至130时发出警告信号，155时发出事故信号同时跳发电机开关和灭磁开关并停机。The excitation transformer is a three-phase epoxy dr

27、y-type, rated capacity of 200kVA connections, Y / - 11, the insulation class is F, rated voltage 6300V / 300V. Warning temperature up to 130 , 155 any accident also jump generator de-excitation switch and the switch and stop.7. 通道自动切换功能7 channel automatic switching function主通道出现下列故障时，自行切换到备用通道运行：The

28、 main channel of the following fault, to switch to the standby channel:1)调节板+5V电源故障；2)励磁专用PT断相故障；3)可控硅触发脉冲故障；4)PLC故障。1) adjusting plate +5V power failure; 2) excitation dedicated PT open phase fault; 3) thyristor trigger pulse fault; 4) PLC fault.A通道运行，B通道自动跟踪A通道控制信号，A通道发生故障自动无扰动切换至B通道运行，当A通道恢复正常后，应

29、手动切换到A通道运行，切换时要确认两个通道的控制信号应一致。The A channel operation, automatic tracking A channel control signal B channel, A channel failure automatic bumpless transfer to B channel operation, when the A channel is recovered, manually switch to A channel operation, switching to confirm the control signals of the

30、 two channels should be consistent.四 励磁调节器的运行操作Operation four excitation regulator1 通道和模式的选择1 channel and mode choice2套DLT6000组成完全独立的双通道调节器，A为主通道，B为备用通道，每个通道可设置成自动模式和手动模式，在自动模式下当检测到主通道故障时能自动切换到备用通道运行。The double channel 2 sets of DLT6000 composed entirely of independent regulator, A as the main chann

31、el, B as backup channels, each channel can be set to automatic mode and manual mode, automatic mode when the main channel fault can automatically switch to the standby channel.自动模式按机端电压偏差进行PID调节，具有过励限制、欠励限制、强励等辅助控制功能。手动模式按励磁电流偏差进行PID调节，没有强励、限制功能。所以正常应选择A通道自动模式运行。Automatic mode according to terminal

32、voltage deviation PID regulation, with over-excitation limit, under strong excitation, excitation limit, auxiliary control functions. The manual mode of PID adjusted according to the excitation current bias, no strong excitation, limiting function. So the normal should choose A channel automatic mod

33、e of operation.为保证通道切换时电网电压或无功的波动，备用通道应在通道跟踪位置。所谓通道跟踪，就是说2个通道的移相触发脉冲控制电压UK保持一致，移相触发控制角和控制电压UK具有线性关系，控制电压升高，控制角增大，导通角减少，励磁电流减少；反之，励磁电流增大。In order to ensure the channel switching voltage or no power fluctuations, the spare channel should track position in the channel. The so-called channel tracking, t

34、hat is phase 2 channels of trigger pulse control voltage UK, phase shift trigger control angle and the control voltage of the UK has a linear relationship, control voltage, control angle increases, the conduction angle is reduced, the excitation current and excitation current is increased, decreased

35、.2 调差系数的设定Coefficient of 2 adjustment settings调差系数KT，表示具有自动励磁调节器的发电机甩去额定无功负荷后的空载电压Uo与额定电压Ue的差值跟额定电压的百分比。Differential coefficient KT, percentage with automatic excitation regulator for generator rejection to the rated load without power after the no-load voltage Uo and rated voltage Ue and rated volt

36、age difference.并网运行的发电机，反映在自动模式下发电机励磁电流或无功功率随电网电压变化而变化， KT0为正调差，KT0 is a positive adjustment, KT0 is negative regulation, we use a positive adjustment. Voltage wattless reduction, without the increase voltage reduction. So the adjustment coefficient should be chosen; if too small, so the grid voltag

37、e fluctuated slightly, excitation current or idle power have great changes, adverse to the small unit operations; too large, unit load rejection after the terminal voltage overshoot is increased, at the same time difference coefficient selection should also consider the distribution of work without

38、parallel between units, large units regulation coefficient can be set smaller, small unit can be large, tuning range of 0 15%, the general can be set 5%.3升压方式的选择The 3 boost mode selection对于自动模式升压方式有2种，一是自动起励升压方式，出厂时整定值为100，就是机组起励后，机端电压自动上升至额定电压。二是手动起励升压方式，就是机组起励后，机端电压自动上升至10左右的额定电压，操作调节柜面板上的增减按钮可将电压

39、调至100120的额定电压。对于手动调节模式，机端起始电压可更低，可从零调至130的额定电压，调试需要时可选择此方式。正常运行时手动调节旋钮在10圈位置，切换开关在关闭位置。The automatic mode boost in 2 ways, one is the automatic excitation boost mode, setting a value of 100% when the factory is set up, after excitation, the terminal voltage automatically rise to the rated voltage. T

40、he two is a manual excitation voltage, excitation is set, the rated voltage of the terminal voltage automatically rise to about 10%, operating control cabinet panel or button can be rated voltage at 100% 120%. For manual adjustment mode, the terminal starting voltage can be lower, can be rated volta

41、ge from zero to 130%, the need for adjustment can choose this way. When normal operation manual adjusting knob in the 10 position, the switch is in the closed position.4. 系统电压跟踪Tracking voltage 4 system调节器具有系统电压跟踪功能，系统电压取自10KV母线电压互感器，当发电机并网后跟踪功能自动闭锁。如果采用自动准同期装置并网，系统电压跟踪应在切除位置。Regulator with voltage

42、tracking system function, system voltage from 10KV bus voltage transformer, when the generator power tracking function automatic locking. If the automatic quasi-synchronization device synchronization, system voltage tracking should be in the removal position.5起励5 excitation励磁调节装置装设了1套起励装置，起励使用蓄电池220

43、V电源，起励电流约为空载励磁电流的10时能可靠起励，起励时间小于5s，实际起励电流约为10A，限流电阻21.6。有自动起励和手动起励2种起励方式。自动起励，当开机继电器动作，发电机转速上升至95额定转速时，起励装置投入；当机端电压上升至40额定电压时，起励装置退出。手动起励，发电机转速达95额定转速时，按下起励按钮不放，观察励磁电压表，有10励磁额定电压约1520V上升时，即可松开按钮。和自动一样，机端电压上升至40额定电压时也能自动退出起励装置。如果起励时间过短有可能起励失败，重新起励即可。Excitation regulation device installed 1 sets of ex

44、citation device was designed, excitation using a battery of 220V power, excitation current is about 10% of no-load exciting current can be exciting, exciting time is less than 5S, the actual excitation current is about 10A, a current-limiting resistor of 21.6 ohms. Automatic excitation and manual ex

45、citation 2 excitation mode. Automatic excitation, when the starting relay, generator speed up to 95% of the rated speed, excitation device; when the voltage rises to 40% rated voltage, excitation device exit. Manual excitation, generator speed up to 95% rated speed, press the button not observed exc

46、itation, excitation voltage meter, there are 10% excitation voltage rating of about 15 20V rises, then release the button. And automatic, can also automatically exit the excitation device terminal voltage up to 40% rated voltage. If the excitation time too short may fail to excitation, excitation ca

47、n be.发电机残压满足自激条件时，也可残压起励，当发电机转速大于95额定转速时合上励磁开关，即能使发电机建压。Generator residual pressure meet the self-excitation conditions, can also be residual voltage excitation, when the generator speed is greater than 95% of the rated speed, closing the excitation switch, which can make the generator voltage.起励不成功

48、，无论手动还是自动，只要起励命令发出，经10s，机端电压达不到10额定电压，就认为起励不成功，即发起励不成功信号。如果是自动方式，就不能再重新起励，要重新起励可使用手动方式。Excitation is not successful, either manually or automatically, as long as the excitation command is issued, the 10s, the terminal voltage of less than 10% of the rated voltage, that the excitation is not successf

49、ul, that is not successful launch excitation signal. If the automatic mode, cannot again excitation, excitation can be used to manually.6逆变The 6 inverter发电机开关跳开后方可逆变。可控硅移相触发最小控制角a为22，最大控制角a为152，22a90为整流工作状态，90a152为逆变工作状态。处于逆变工作状态时，可控硅整流输出电压方向和转子电流方向相反，不是电源向转子输入功率，而是转子向电源释放能量，当然转子中的电流方向是没有改变的。这样，发电机出

50、线开关跳开后，转子线圈所储藏的能量通过逆变向外释放，降低灭磁开关开断时的自感电压，利于迅速灭磁，逆变时间约需6s。励磁系统正常情况下采用逆变灭磁，事故情况下，跳灭磁开关，投入线性电阻灭磁。Generator switch tripping the inverter. Thyristor trigger control angle is 22 minimum a, a maximum control angle is 152 , 22 a90 rectification work state, 90 a 152 for inverting operation. In inverting oper

51、ation, controllable silicon rectifier output voltage and rotor current direction in the opposite direction, not the power input power to the rotor, but the release energy to power, of course, the direction of the current in the rotor is not changed. Thus, generator outlet switch is tripped, the roto

52、r coil the stored energy through the inverter outward release, reduce the magnetic switch inductance voltage off, for fast de-excitation time is about 6S, inverter. The normal condition of the excitation system with inverter, accident cases, jump fmk, linear resistance de-excitation.逆变有4种方式：停机联动、手动、

53、灭磁开关联动、低频逆变。The inverter has 4 ways: stop linkage, manual, fmk linkage, low frequency inverter.停机联动，停机继电器动作，发电机出线开关跳开后，即开始逆变，由机组自动化屏发出命令跳灭磁开关。Stop linkage, the shutdown relay action, generator outlet switch is tripped, began by inverter, automatic screen issued an order to jump out the magnetic swit

54、ch.低频逆变，当发电机转速降至45Hz时自动投入逆变。例如起励后，需要停机，当转速降至45Hz，通过低频逆变，自动释放能量。Low frequency inverter, automatic input inverter when the generator speed below 45Hz. For example, excitation, need to stop, when the speed is reduced to 45Hz, the low frequency inverter, automatic release energy.手动灭磁，正常运行时，减发电机有功、无功近零时跳

55、发电机出线开关，再将整流逆变开关转向逆变位置，即开始逆变。Manual de-excitation, during normal operation, reducing generator, idle nearly zero hop generator outlet switch, then the rectifier and inverter switches to inverter position, began to inverter.灭磁开关联动，一般先逆变后跳灭磁开关，但当灭磁开关跳开后同时进行一下逆变对降低开断瞬间的自感电压也是有好处的。Fmk linkage, the first

56、 general inverter after the jump fmk, but when the magnetic switch tripped and the inverter is good for reducing the self-induction voltage fault of the moment.逆变不成功，逆变命令发出，经10s机端电压还高于10的额定电压，即发逆变不成功信号，同时跳灭磁开关。The inverter is not successful, the inverter command is issued, the 10s voltage is higher

57、than 10% of the rated voltage, and the inverter is not successful signal, at the same time, jump out of magnetic switch.7风机7 fan风机工作电压380V，功率250W，向上抽风。励磁装置在额定工况2组可控硅并列运行时，风机停转时间最长允许30min。风机通过手动或联机起动。风机电源消失或风机控制回路故障时系统发出警告信号。The fan working voltage 380V, power 250W, updraft. Excitation device rated cond