托福tpo22 lecture3

1、托福TPO22 LECTURE3 讲师: 英毅教育 朱昕子（Eddie ） 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 背景介绍： 生物学讲座主要涉及到的小学科有conservation biology 保护生物学，marine biology海洋生物学，zoology动物学 和botany植物学。主要话题有以下五个：动物行为研究； 动物和环境之间的关系；动物交流方式；动物身体结构； 动物保护。 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 各分类常见逻辑结构； 生物类考点分析 分类 部位及特征 用途（植物） 习性（动物） 栖息地 繁殖 与其他生物的关系 生存状况 相关研究 生物类常见逻辑结构生物类常见逻辑结构 在

2、课堂演讲中，教授常常会就某一生物现象或者生物特征进行讲解，并举出相应的例子进行证明，期间 往往会有老师的自问自答和已经和学生之间的讨论。 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 1. What is the lecture mainly about? 1. What is the lecture mainly about? A. A proposal to identify all the animals that became extinct during the Pleistocene epoch B. A strategy for reintroducing native plants to

3、an ecosystem C. A process for identifying alternative habitats for large animals D. A proposal to re-create features of ecosystems of the Pleistocene epoch 1 1 答案：答案：D D 解析：（35”）定位句：Well, today we are witnessing a sixth mass extinction, but unlike the others, the current loss of bio-diversity can be

4、 traced to human activity. 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 2. According to the professor, what are the two main goals of 2. According to the professor, what are the two main goals of Pleistocene Pleistocene rewildingrewilding? Click on 2 answers ? Click on 2 answers A. To restore some evolutionary processes that e

5、nded during the Pleistocene epoch B. To help prevent the extinction of certain species of mega fauna C. To increase populations of native animal species in the western United States D. To create a living laboratory where animal interactions can be observed 2 2 答案：答案：AB AB 解析：（203”）定位句：Now, the advoc

6、ates of Pleistocene rewilding cite two main goals. One is to help prevent the extinction of some endangered mega fauna by providing new refuges, new habitats for them. The other is to restore some of the evolutionary and ecological potential that has been lost in North America. 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 3. A

7、ccording to the professor, how did the American cheetah influence 3. According to the professor, how did the American cheetah influence the pronghorn antelope during the Pleistocene epoch? the pronghorn antelope during the Pleistocene epoch? A. The cheetah prevented the antelopes population from gro

8、wing too large. B. The cheetah was a factor in the development of the antelopes speed. C. The cheetah dispersed the seeds of plants that the antelope needed to survive. D. The cheetah caused the antelope to migrate out of the western United States. 解析：B（240”）定位句：We believe it played a pivotal role i

9、n the evolution of the pronghorn antelope, the antelopes amazing speed, to be exact, because natural selection would favor those antelope that could outrun a cheetah. lets take the now extinct American cheetah, for instance. 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 4. What point does the professor make when she discusses t

10、he 4. What point does the professor make when she discusses the macluramaclura tree? tree? A. The feeding habits of large animals could help revive some diminishing plant species. B. The climate has changed in North America since the Pleistocene epoch C. Mass extinctions of animals are generally pre

11、ceded by mass extinctions of plants. D. The maclura tree has changed very little since the Ice Age. 解析：A（342”）定位句：Many types of maclura used to grow in North American, but today, just one variety remains and it is found in only two states. In the distant past, large herbivores like mastodons dispers

12、ed maclura seeds, each the size of an orange in their droppings 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 5. Why does the professor say that plants and small animals have 5. Why does the professor say that plants and small animals have continued to evolve since the Pleistocene? continued to evolve since the Pleistocene? A.

13、To indicate why the western United States is well suited for Pleistocene rewilding B. To suggest a way to balance an ecosystem using Pleistocene rewilding C. To identify a potential problem with the Pleistocene rewilding concept D. To explain how the idea for Pleistocene rewilding came about 解析解析: :

14、 答案答案C C A big worry is that these transplanted megafauna might devastate plants and animals that are native to the western United States. In the years since the Pleistocene epoch, native species have adapted to the changing environment there, plants, smaller animals, they have been evolving without

15、 megafauna for millennia. 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 6. What does the professor mean when she says this: 6. What does the professor mean when she says this: A. Pleistocene rewilding has been tried before without success B. Pleistocene rewilding should be tried with just a few species C. Pleistocene rewilding

16、has already been thoroughly researched D. Pleistocene rewilding is another form of human interference. 解析：the core problem with this sixth mass extinction is human interference. Pleistocene rewilding is based on good intentions, but you know, it probably would just be more of the same thing. （重听题已考察

17、，Pleistocene rewilding 出于好的意图，但是仍然是 人类对于环境的干涉。） 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 本节课常用词汇： Mass n.大量，大多（物理学）质量 vt&vi（使）集中，聚集 adj,群众的 大规模的。 Marine adj 海的，海产的，海军的 n 水兵，海事，海运业 Eliminate vt 排除，消除 Fragmentation：n 分裂，破碎 Radical adj 根本的，基本的，激进的 彻底的 n 激进分子，根基 Vertebrate adj. 脊椎动物的；有脊椎的 n. 脊椎动物 Subset n. 子集，小团体 Endangered ad

18、j. 濒临灭绝的，有生命危险的 Cite：vt 引用，引证法传讯 表扬 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 Pronghorn n. 叉角羊 Presumably adv 大概可能 Conceivable adj 可想象的，可相信的 Trajectory：n 轨道，弹道 轨线 Descended；adj 从一个祖先传下来的 v 下来 vi 遗传下来，继承下 来 Millennia： n 一千年，千年期 Herbivore n. 食草动物 Megafauna n. 巨型动物 Prairie n. 大草原，牧场 Disperse v. 分散，使散开 adj. 分散的 Intention：n 意图，目的，意向 托福TPO22 LECTURE3 Refuge n 避难所 vt 给予庇护 Habitat n. 栖息地，产地 Restore：vt