专题13 介词（解析版）

1、巅峰冲刺江苏省2020年高考英语一轮考点扫描专题13 介词1、 【知识精讲】考点一：时间介词1. at接时间点；in接一段时间；on接具体的时间；by不迟于,在前。at 10：00, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise；on September 2nd, on the morning of May 1st；Ill be back in three hours. 2. in和after后都可以接时间段,表示“在之后”,但in常与将来时连用,after常与过去时连用。We will meet again in two weeks.They finished the t

2、ask after two days.3. for, since, from的区别（1） “for时间段”表示“某动作或状态持续了多久”,可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。For many years, people have dreamed of electric ears. （2）“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”,强调从过去某时延续至今的一段时间,常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。（3）“from(过去)时间点”常与一般过去时连用；“from(现在/将来)时间点”常与一般将来时连用。She began to learn to sing from the age of f

3、ive.注意：当名词前有this, that, last, next, every, each, some等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。如this morning；last year。考点二：方位介词1. on, over, above, below, under, beneath的区别（1）on表示“在上”,强调两物相接触,仅表示“处于之上”,是静态。（2）over也表示“在上”,但强调覆盖这一物体,表示“越过”某一高度,是动态。（3）above表示位置高于某人或某物,但不一定是正上方,反义词是below。指数量时,一般用 over(more than)表示“超过”,但如果指上下垂直的度量以

4、及海拔高度时,要用 above。（4）below与under 都可表示“低于”。under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方,而 below 则不一定表示正下方。（5）beneath在之下；在的(正)下方；低于They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees? The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain.2. between与among的区别 （1

5、）between主要用来指两者之间的关系,也可指两者以上的人或物之间的关系,但是主要强调每个个体之间的相互关系。Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Italy and Austria.（2）among用来指没有明确数目的人与人或物与物之间的整体关系。We found a little house hidden among the trees.考点三：工具、手段、方式介词1. by抽象名词/动名词,表示“乘坐交通工具,通过的方式”；by后接的名词需用单数,其前不加冠词或修饰词。by sea/water/rail/road/land/air通过海路/

6、水路/铁路/公路/陆路/乘坐飞机by bike/taxi/plane/ship/boat/train骑自行车/乘坐出租车/乘飞机/乘船/乘火车The man made a living by selling newspaper.Reservation can be made by telephone.2. in表示使用语言、原料、材料等,如：in ink用墨水,in English 用英语,in pencil用铅笔。3. with表示使用有形的器皿、工具,后接具体的名词,如：with a pen用钢笔；with a knife用刀。4. through表示“通过途径/方式/方法等”。Throu

7、gh this activity, we have benefited a lot.归纳拓展：1. 表达“用方式”的介词短语有：in this/that/the same way, by means of, by this/that means, with this/that method。2. 当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用in/on,名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰。如：in this plane乘坐这架飞机,in a car坐小车,on my bike骑我的自行车,on the horse骑这匹马。3. 表示步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on,如：on foot步行；on hors

8、eback骑马；on the camel骑骆驼。考点四：介词短语1. 表示原因because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, as a result of等。2. 表示“除之外”with the exception of, except for, apart from, in addition to等。3. 表示“有关,关于”concerning, with respect to, as for, as to等。4. 表示“在之前”ahead of, in advance of, in front of等。5. 表示“支持,赞成”

9、in support of, in favor of等。6. 表示“关于,按照,依据”in terms of, according to, in view of等。7. 表示“尽管,不管”in spite of, regardless of等。8. 常见介词搭配（1）in名词in advance提前,事先,预先；in case如果,万一；in charge主管,负责；in common共有,配合；in demand有需要；in doubt不确定,不肯定；in effect实际上；in fact事实上（2）on名词on guard在值勤；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on

10、strike罢工；on sale出售；on loan暂借（3）onthe名词on the move在移动,搬迁；on the flow在涨潮；on the increase正在增加；on the go正在活动,正在奔走（4）beyond名词beyond ones power超出某人的权力范围；beyond ones reach够不着；beyond description难以形容； beyond words无法用语言形容；beyond doubt无疑,肯定；beyond recognition认不出来（5）under名词under observation在观察中；under discussion

11、在讨论中； under construction在建设中；under consideration在考虑中；under repair在修理中（6）at名词at length详尽地；at sea茫然；at will随意；at work在上班；at war处于战争状态；at ease放松；at table在吃饭；at risk处于危险中（7）out of名词out of breath上气不接下气地；out of balance失去平衡；out of date过时；out of curiosity出于好奇（8）in名词ofin favor of同意,赞成；in honour of为了纪念；in mem

12、ory of作为对的纪念；in face of面对；in need of需要；in charge of负责；in view of鉴于；in spite of尽管；in case of如果,万一（9）withinones名词within ones power力所能及；within ones reach某人够得着（10）of名词of value有价值的；of help 有帮助的；of interest 有趣的；of benefit 有益的；of use有用的（11）toones名词to ones delight/joy令人高兴的是；to ones surprise/astonishment/ama

13、zement令人吃惊的是；to ones regret令人遗憾的是2、 【典例精练】1. Favorable policies are _effect to encourage employees professional development.【参考答案】in【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。in effect实际上。2. Modem methods_tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to pe

14、rform consistently over a large area.【参考答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”,组成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。3. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack_dogs, seven to be exact.【参考答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。4. But can

15、 uniforms help improve school standards? The answer_ this question is not clear. 【参考答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的参考答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配,“的参考答案是”。5. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _next Wednesday afternoon.【参考答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好,Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午

16、（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为预约”,是固定搭配。6. Chinas softpowergrows_line with theincreasingappreciationandunderstanding of China globally.【参考答案】in【解析】考查介词短语。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。in line with按照；与.一致。7. Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he wen

17、t _all.【参考答案】after【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。after all毕竟,终究。8. Determining where we are in relation_our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.【参考答案】in【解析】考查介词短语。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。in relation to与有关。9. Many people who live along the coast make

18、 a living _fishing industry.【参考答案】in【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生,此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里,在这个行业里谋生,用in。10. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.【参考答案】among【解析】 句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间。11. Bu

19、t my connection with pandas goes back_my days on a TV show in the mid1980s,when I was the first.【参考答案】to【解析】句意：但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的时候,那是我第一次。go back to“追溯到”。12. Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【参考答案】on【解析】句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on意为“集中于”。13. Chopsticks are