限制性非限制性定语从句详解+练习附答案

1、定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词 (有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分) 而起 定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句代替人 代替物 代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whom which that宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例 1： This is the detective who came from London.例 2： The book which I am reading is written by Tomas

2、Hardy.例 3： The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例 4： This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词，关系代词一般只用 that ， 不用 which 。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及 first, la

3、st, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰，关系代词常用 that,不用which, who，或whom 例 如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中， 不能用关系代词 that, 作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替 主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中， which 可以作主语

4、，也可以 作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与 and this 相似，并可以指人。 例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，(指人作主语时多用whO仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which 可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用 which; 若是指集体中的各个成员，则用 who。(8) 先行

5、词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用 that 。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone,somebody,关系代词应该用 who或whom 不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with youWhere：对于关系副词where的考察，趋于一种“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表 示某人 / 物的 situation ，或某事发展的 stage

6、，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用 关系副词where。常见的先行词还有point ，case等。3“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句， 也可以引导非限制性定 语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for,with, to at, of, without in which =where等，关系代词只可用 whom或 which,不可用that 。 for which =why on which = when(2) from where 为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。 例 如：We sto

7、od at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二关系副词引导的定语从句1 关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that 可引导

8、定语从句表示时间地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where或者why引导定语从句表示时 间地点或原因，在 that 引导的这种定语从句中， that 也可以省去。三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1 二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词， 同先行词这间一般不加逗号， 仅修饰先行词， 可 以由关系代词关系副词或 that 来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明， 用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用 that 引导。2 关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分 , 作状语的应选用关系副 词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代

9、词。3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后， 但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别 的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1） as 多与 such 或 the same 连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于w

10、hich 。例如：The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.3） the samethat 与 the same as 在意思上是不同的。2. As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面， 一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 as is known 众所周知， as is often the case 情况常常如此， as is supposed 如所料想的， as often happens 这种情况常常发生， as is ex

11、pected 在意料之 中。 例如：（1）As is expected, the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.众所周知 , 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 下面结合考 例谈谈学习运用非限制性定语从句时应注意的几个问题：、that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如：【考例一】 She heard the terrible noise, brought her heart into hermouth.A. it B. w

12、hich C. this D. that【解析】选B。后半句为非限制性定语从句，尽管先行词noise属于事物，也不能用that而要用which来引导。which指代noise，在从句中作主语。二、除 which 外，还可用 when， where， whose， whom 等引导非限制性定语 从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如：Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, isapproaching. 下个月即将来临， 届时你们将在家乡度暑假。 （关系副词 when 指代 表示时间

13、的名词n ext mon th，并作从句的状语。）She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close frie nds她要至 U澳门去居 住，在那里她有几个密友。（关系副词where指代表示地点的名词 Macao,并在 从句中作状语。 ）【考例二】 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was veryreasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose【解析】选 B。 whose

14、在从句中作表示所属关系的定语，既可指代人，也可指 代物。指物时，常可转换为 of which ;指人时常可转换为of whom。【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,many people have gone home.A. whose time B. thatC. on which D. by which time【解析】 先行词 5:30 pm 与 time 之间是一种同位关系，可用 which 来作定语 替代。从句中的完成状态，常与 by 短语连用。故选 D。三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系

15、代词不能省略。如：He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想至医院去看望他的继母， 他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样 爱戴。四、非限制性定语从句的关系代词 which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以 指代前面整句的含义。如：【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,made the others unhappy.A. who B. whichC

16、. this D. what【解析】选B。指代“Dorothy总是高度评价自己在那场戏中所担任的角色 ”的 整个事件。【考例五】 Carol said the work would be done by October,personally Idoubt very much.A. it B. thatC. when D. which【解析】表示时间的名词 October，用我个人非常怀疑”来修饰，意思不通。 应该修饰整个主句，表示对“Care说在十月前能做好这项工作”怀疑。故选D五、引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的差异：从句置于句首时，非限制 性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时，两

17、者都可以使用。女口：【考例六】 is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earthonce every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】逗号表明为非限制性定语从句。选B。【考例七】 is mentioned above, the number of the students in seniorhigh schools is increasing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. It【解析】答案为B。与考例六同理。非限练习 +详解1. The place interested

18、me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4. Do you know the year the C

19、hinese Communist Party was foundedA. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the day Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. The factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the fact

20、ory we are working.A. where B. thatC. which D. there8. This is one of the best filmsB. that have shownD. that you talkedA. that have been shown this yearC. that has been shown this year9. Can you lend me the book the other dayB. which you talkedA. about which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. tha

21、t you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in whichC. on whichD. by whicharrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. thatengineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whomthere anyone in your class fa

22、mily is in the countryA. who B. whos C. which D. whosem interested in you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. whichwant to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. asisnt such a man he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. asis good at English, we all know.A. tha

23、t B. as C. whom D. whatMing, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went went with himdont like as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novelstalked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. which B. that

24、 C. whom D. whatletter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. whoour factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. whore the only person Ive ever met could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; wholost a book, I cant remember now

25、.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of thatsummer we visited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. whathave bought such a watch was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. itcan never forget the day we worked together and t

26、he day wespent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; whenway he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./is the reason he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for whichmachine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after wh

27、ich I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked afterreason he didnt come was he was ill.A. why; that ;why C. for that;that which;whatis working hard, will make him pass the final exam.whichis not the way I do it.A./ which whichhave two grammars, are of gre

28、at use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of whichwant to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. whichneigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind ofthem.A. who B. which C. that D. itis the magazine

29、I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from whichis not such a man would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. thou

30、gh41. - Did you ask the guard happened- Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm withthe farmers, has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The number

31、 of the people who cars increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burnA. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in th

32、e wall, he could see was goingon inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last weekA. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A. as B. that

33、 C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been参考答案及解析1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话 ”要说 speak to sb. 本题全句应为 Do you know the m

34、an whom I spoke to.。 whom 是关系代词，作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾 语。6C. 解析同第 5 题。7. A. 解析见第 3 题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是 films, 因此，关系代词 that 是负数概念， 其谓语动词 应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the, 则 the one 应该

35、视为先行词。9. A. 谈“到某事物 ”应说 talk about sth.。 about 是介词,其后要用 which 作宾语, 不能用 that。10. A. with which 是介词+关系代词 结构,常用来引导定语从句 .with 有用的意 思，介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在从句中作状 语.12. D. with whom 引导定语从句.w

36、ith whom 放在从句中即为：my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A. that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16. D. such 是固定用法,as引导定语从句时，可以作主语宾语或表语.在本题中 ,as 作表语 .17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义

37、。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中，as作宾语.18. B. Li Mi ng enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the con cert 是定语 从句.with whom 放在从句中为:I went to the con cert with Li Mi ng.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成 sucha或the sameal固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。 Such修饰单数名词时，要用such

38、a 本题 中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人，又表示 物的名词时 ,其关系代词要用 that.21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行词person后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词 whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语，可以省略.第二个从句who could do在从句中作主语， 不可省略 .24. A. whose

39、 title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which25. A. for which引导定语从句，使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以而.闻名.26. C.当先行词被such修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词要用 as. As在本从句中 作主语 .27. A.两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词，但第一个空白处要填的关系词在 从句中作状语 ,因此要用关系副词 when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作 动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词 which或that来引导定语从句.28. D.在way、distanee、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“ in或 其他介词）+which ” when或where，而that常可省